Study Guide for 6.2.3
Quiz on 1-11 on Wednesday. Quiz on 12-20 on Friday.
1. Plants can be classified as vascular or nonvascular based on how they absorb and circulate fluids.
2. Vascular plants have roots, stems, and leaves. They have a vascular system for circulating fluids. Vascular plants are the
largest group in the Plant Kingdom. (Think: trees, bushes, grass, flowers…)
2. Nonvascular plants do not have a system for circulating fluids. They must absorb fluids much like a sponge through their
cell walls. Their size is usually small. (Think: mosses, liverworts, hornworts…)
3. Know the structures in a vascular plant and their purposes. See page ____ in your notebook.
4. Know the main two types of roots: fibrous and taproot. Know the function of root hairs.
5. Roots help to anchor a plant, absorb water through the root hairs, and store food, but they do not help make food.
6. Know the two main types of stems and examples of each: woody stems (trees and shrubs that grow tall) and herbaceous
stems (soft stems like dandelions and tomato plants)
7. Know that the xylem are tubes in the stems for transporting water from the roots to the rest of the plant.
8. Know that the phloem are tubes in the stems that transport food from the leaves to the rest of the plant.
9. Know that the stomata are openings on the leaf for taking in air. There are many of them on a leaf and they look like tiny
mouths.
10. The leaves and sometimes stems of a plant use the water from the roots and the carbon dioxide from the air brought in
by the stomata to make a simple sugar that is food for the plant. This food is sent to other parts of the plant by the phloem.
11. The process of changing solar energy into chemical energy is called photosynthesis. Without the sun, there would be no
plants. There would be no plant eaters. There would be no other animals that eat plant-eating animals.
12. Plants can be classified into seed-producing or spore-producing.
13. Seed-producing plants reproduce (make more of their own kind) through seeds.
14. Seeds contain an embryo (baby plant with the beginning of roots, stems, and leaves along with stored food) which is
protected by a seed coat.
15. The stored food is called the cotyledon. A seed with one supply of food is called a monocotyledon or monocot. A seed
with two supplies of food is called a eudicotyledon or dicot. (Think about our lab with corn and lima bean seeds.)
16. There are at least 4 ways to tell a monocot from a dicot. Look at the seed, look at the flower, look at the stem, and look
at the leaf. See page ______ in your notebook.
17. There are 2 major groups of seed-producing plants: flowering plants and cone-bearing plants (also called conifers).
18. Flowering plants produce seeds in the ovary, or fruit. Conifers produce “naked” seeds inside the scales of the cone.
19. Examples of flowering plants: most trees, shrubs, vines, flowers, fruits, vegetables, and legumes
Examples of conifers: pine, spruce, juniper, redwood, and cedar trees
20. Spore-producing plants use spores instead of seeds to reproduce. Spores are much smaller than seeds. Almost all
flowerless plants produce spores. Examples are mosses and ferns.