• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oGzVn8VbGmw
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ff9K1UClpz0
Bell Ringer
• What are the Traditional work settings for Athletic Trainers?
• What are some Non-Traditional work settings?
• When and where was the profession of Athletic Training
founded?
• Who is considered to be a part of the Primary Sports Medicine
Team? Who is considered to be a part of the Secondary Sports
Medicine Team?
• List 3 qualities an AT needs to have and why.
Medical Terminology
and abbreviations
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qe_324wnNQU
Medical Terminology
• Using and understanding is essential to clear communication
amongst the health care community.
“To Err Is Human”
• In 1999, the Institute of Medicine published the famous "To
Err Is Human" report, which dropped a bombshell on the
medical community by reporting that up to 98,000 people a
year die because of mistakes in hospitals
• Journal of Patient Safety that says the numbers may be much
higher — between 210,000 and 440,000 patients each year
who go to the hospital for care suffer some type of
preventable harm that contributes to their death.
• That would make medical errors the third-leading cause of
death in America, behind heart disease, which is the first, and
cancer, which is second.
The Basics
• Anatomic Position: Refers to an erect stance with the arms at
the sides and the palms of the hands facing forward
• The body moves in relation to planes
• Frontal
• Sagittal
• Transverse
The 4 word parts
• Most medical terms built from word parts consist of some or
all of the following components:
• 1. PREFIXES
• 2. WORD ROOTS
• 3. SUFFIXES
• 4. COMBINING VOWELS
The Prefix
• The prefix is a word part attached to the beginning of a word
root to modify its meaning.
• Prefixes can indicate;
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A number such as bi-, meaning two.
A position, such as sub-, meaning under.
A direction, such as intra-, meaning within.
Time, such as brady-, meaning slow
Negation, such as a-, meaning without
• Although a prefix can be used to modify the meaning of a
word, many medical terms do not have a prefix.
The Root Word
• The word root is the word part that is the core of the word.
• The word root contains the fundamental meaning of the word
• Since the word root is the core of the word, each medical term
contains one or more word roots
Examples of Root Words
• Play/er; In this word, play is the word root.
• Arthr/itis; In this medical term, arthr (which means joint) is
the word root.
• Hepat/itis; In this medical term, hepat (which means liver) is
the word root.
The Suffix
• The suffix is a word part attached to the end of the word root
to modify its meaning.
• The suffix frequently indicates a procedure, condition, or
disease such as
• –scopy, meaning visual examination (procedure)
• –tomy, meaning surgical excision (procedure)
• -itis, meaning inflammation
(condition)
• -oma, meaning tumor
(disease)
Suffix Examples
• Play/er in this word, -er is the suffix.
• Hepat/ic in this medical term, -ic (which means pertaining to)
is the suffix.
• Hepat is the word root for liver; therefore hepatic means
pertaining to the liver.
• Hepat/itis in this medical term, -itis (which means
inflammation) is the suffix.
• The term hepatitis means inflammation of the liver.
A Quick Summary
• Word root- core of a word; for example, hepat
• Suffix- attached at the end of a word root to modify its
meaning; for example, -ic.
• Prefix- attached at the beginning of a word to modify its
meaning; for example, Sub• Combining Vowel- usually an o used between two word roots
or a word root and a suffix to ease pronunciation; for example
hepat o pathy
• Combining form- word root plus combining vowel separated
by a vertical slash; for example, hepat/o.
Vocabulary
Anatomy
• Study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts
Physiology
• Study of how the body and its parts work or function
Anatomical Position
• refers to the standing position, with arms at the side and palms
facing towards the front
Anterior
• front half of the body
Posterior
• back half of the body
Vocabulary
Superior
• toward the head
Inferior
• toward the feet
Medial
• toward the center line of the body
Lateral
• away from the center line
Vocabulary
Distal
• away from the trunk of the body (i.e. ankle is distal to the knee)
Proximal
• towards to the trunk (i.e. the shoulder is proximal to the elbow)
Flexion
• decreasing joint angle
Extension
• increasing joint angle
Abduction
• movement away from the midline
Adduction
• movement towards the midline
Vocabulary
Dorsiflexion
• foot/toes moving toward the body, decreasing angle
Plantarflexion
• foot/toes moving toward ground, increasing angle
Inversion
• movement inward
Eversion
• movement (sole of foot) away from midline
External Rotation
• rotation about its axis in the transverse plane away from the
midline
Internal Rotation
• rotation about its axis in the transverse plane toward the midline
Vocabulary
Supination
• surface rotated upward
Pronation
• surface rotated downward
Superficial
• near body’s surface
Deep
• beneath the surface
Common abbreviations
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ADL – Activities of Daily Living
Bi/Lat, B – Bilateral
BP – Blood Pressure
BPM – Beats per Minute
C/O – Complaining Of…
DF - Dorsiflexion
HA – Head Ache
HR – Heart Rate
LE – Lower Extremity
LOC – Loss of Consciousness
NKA – No Known Allergies
Abbv. Cont’d
• Dx – Diagnosis
• Fx – Fracture
• Hx – History ( HO – History Of…)
• Px – Practice
• Sx - Symptoms
• Tx – Treatment
Cont’d
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P- Pain
PF – Plantarflexion
PRN – As Needed
Pt – Patient
ROM – Range of Motion
Rx - Prescription
S&S – Signs and Symptoms
UE – Upper Extremity
w/, c – With
WNL – Within Normal Limits
Common Prefixes
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A/An - no, not, without
Arthro – joint
Bi – two
Brady - slow
Cardio – heart
Costo - rib
Derm – skin
Dys - painful
Epi – on, above
Hyper – more than normal
Hypo – less than normal
Inter- between
Intra – within
Common prefix cont’d
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Neuro – Nerve
Mal - bad
Peri – around
Post – after, behind
Poly – many
Pre – before, in front
Pneumon – lung
Quadri - four
Sub – below
Tachy - fast
Tri - three
Ven – vein
Common Suffix
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-algia: pain
-ectomy: surgical excision
-itis: inflammation
-osis: abnormal state
-pathy: disease
-phagia: eating, swallowing
-pnea: breathing
-stasis: control
Anatomical Planes
• Sagittal – divides the
body into R&L
• Movements:
flexion/extension, running
• Coronal (frontal)- divides
body into
anterior/posterior
• Movements: ab/adduction
• Transverse (horizontal)equal top and bottom
halves
• Movements: rotation
• Copy and Translate Paragraph:
Patient is complaining of having increasing difficulties with lower
extremity range of motion and with her gait. She does have some
pain, particularly at night, in her lower extremities. On
examination, her signs and symptoms are lower extremity pain 8/10 bilaterally, decreased ability to walk, lack of range of
motion, and obvious swelling. She is being sent for x-rays to rule
out fractures, and is diagnosed with bilateral hamstring strains.
Her treatment will be Ibuprofen as needed, and rest for 2 weeks.
She has no known history of any drug allergies.