107 Minerals Minerals
11/16/2015
EQ: How can comparing and contrasting help me to understand how matter physically or chemically changes?
Application:
Minerals WS
Starter:
108
11/16/2015
Connection:
Name some things that you have that are made of minerals
Exit : Summarize notes
Practice:
Notes : minerals

Gold
67.5
20 ml
1000 grams15
Because it expands when it freezes

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Table of Contents
Date Lecture/ Activity/ Lab Page
10/27 Writing Chemical Formulas 81-82
10/28 Ionic Bonding 83-84
10/29 ChemicalEquations and the Conservation of Mass 85-86
10/30 Balancing Act 87-88
11/02 Balancing Chemical Equations Activity 89-90
91-92 11/03 See Saw Poster
11/4 Law of Conservation of Mass Lab 93-94
11/5 Balancing Equations Review 95-96
11/6 Physical and Chemical Changes Notes 97-98
11/9 Physical and Chemical Properties Lab 99-100
11/10 Balancing Chemical Equations Writing 101-102
11/12 Signs of a Chemical change Video Quiz 103-104
11/13 Physical and Chemical Ws 105-106
11/16 Minerals 107-108

 It must be inorganic – not formed from living things.
 It must be found naturally.
 It must have a definite chemical composition.
 It must be formed of crystals.(# of faces and angles)
 Must be a solid

 Silicates
–
Minerals that contain silicon and oxygen
– 90% of the earth’s crust are made of these type of minerals
–
Ex. Quartz, mica
 Non-silicates
–
Minerals that contain no silicon and oxygen
–
Ex. Halite, calcite

 Color
–
The color of a mineral is not the best way to identify it.
–
Color depends on many factors and can change from sample to sample .

 Luster
–
Metallic luster; shiny, looks like a metal (gold, silver, copper)
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Sub-metallic luster; dull metal finish(lead, hematite)
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Non-metallic; waxy, glassy, dull, pearly(quartz, calcite, sulfur)

Metallic
Sub Metallic
Non-Metallic

 Streak
– color of a mineral in powdered form
– the streak is always the same for a mineral no matter what the surface color is.
– streak plates are used to determine the color
– some minerals leave no streak

Mineral Properties
 Cleavage
–
The tendency of a mineral to break along specific planes.
 Fracture
–
When a mineral breaks with no set planes.

Mineral Properties
 Density
–
Each mineral has a specific density
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Density is the amount of matter in a given space
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The more matter in a smaller space the higher the density.
–
D=m/v

Mineral Properties
 Hardness
–
Hardness is the ability of a mineral to resist being scratched.
–
Mohs scale of hardness developed by German mineralogist Friedrich
Mohs organizes minerals by hardness.

Mohs Scale of Hardness in order from softest to hardest
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1 – Talc
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2 – Gypsum
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3 – Calcite

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4 – Fluorite
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5 – Apatite
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6 – Orthoclase

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7 – Quartz
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8 – Topaz
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9 – Corundum

10 – Diamond

 1
– easily scratched by fingernail
 2
– scratched by fingernail
 3
– easily scratched by nail, won’t scratch a copper penny
 5
– Hard to scratch with a nail; won’t scratch glass
 7
– scratches glass
 8-10
– scratches steel

 Fluorescence (glows)
 Chemical reaction (produces bubbles)
 Radioactivity (gives off energy)
 Optical properties (can see through them)
 Magnetism (attracts things)
 Taste(You should never use taste to identify an unknown mineral)

 Is a combination of minerals that has enough of one type of metal or mineral that it can be extracted.
–
Example: Galena is an ore for Lead

107 Minerals Minerals
11/16/2015
EQ: How can comparing and contrasting help me to understand how matter physically or chemically changes?
Application:
Minerals WS
Starter:
108
11/16/2015
Connection:
Name some things that you have that are made of minerals
Exit : Summarize notes
Practice:
Notes : minerals