BIOLOGY
Worksheet: Fall Final Review
Hypothesis-
Hypothesis- A possible answer to a scientific
question. An “educated guess”
Theory-
Theory- A well supported scientific hypothesis may
become a theory.
A theory is supported by a wide range of
scientific evidence.
I.e.- Theory of Evolution, Atomic Theory, Cell
Theory
Controlled experiment•Independent variables are manipulated
•Dependent variables are observed and measured.
•Constants are conditions that are kept the same
homeostasis-
homeostasis- is the maintenance of constant
internal conditions. Organisms must maintain
homeostasis to survive in diverse environments.
2. List the characteristics of living things
2. List the characteristics of living things
Living things:
•All are made of one or more cells
•All need energy for metabolism
•All respond to their environment
•All have DNA that they pass on to offspring
•Living things evolve
3. What are the levels of organization of living
things?
3. What are the levels of organization of living
things?
Cells → tissues → organs → organ system → organism
4. Complete the table below describing the 4 types
of organic compounds
Carbohydrates
Monomer
Polymer
Importance
to living
things
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
4. Complete the table below describing the 4 types
of organic compounds
Carbohydrates
Monomer
Polymer
Importance
to living
things
Glucose
(monosaccharide)
Starch
Energy
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Amino
Acid
Fatty acid
+
Glycerol
Nucleotide
Protein
Oils
Fats
Waxes
DNA
RNA
Structural and
Functional
proteins
Cell
membrane
Energy
Heredity
(stores
genetic
code)
5. What type of organic compound is an enzyme?
5. What type of organic compound is an enzyme?
A Protein
6. Why are enzymes important to living things?
6. Why are enzymes important to living things?
They speed up chemical reactions to take place in
the human body. They speed up reactions that
would normally take to long
I,e,- Control processes like DNA replication,
chemical digestion, etc.
7. How does an enzyme speed up a chemical
reaction?
7. How does an enzyme speed up a chemical
reaction?
A enzyme (catalyst) lowers activation energy
8. What is the difference between a quantitative
and qualitative observation?
8. What is the difference between a quantitative
and qualitative observation?
Quantitative- involves numbers. How many?
Qualitative- Things like texture, color, etc.
Qualitative observations may vary depending on
observer
9. Complete the table below by places a check mark
for those that apply:
Animal Cells
Has nucleus
Has cytoplasm
Has
mitochondria
Has
chloroplasts
Eukaryotic cell
Prokaryotic cell
Plant Cells
Bacteria
9. Complete the table below by places a check mark
for those that apply:
Animal Cells
Plant Cells
Has nucleus
X
X
Has cytoplasm
X
X
Has
mitochondria
X
X
Has
chloroplasts
Eukaryotic cell
Prokaryotic cell
Bacteria
X
X
X
X
X
10. What chemical compounds make up the
structures labeled 1 and 2 in the diagram to the
right?
12-
10. What chemical compounds make up the
structures labeled 1 and 2 in the diagram to the
right?
1- Phospholipids
2- Proteins
11. Complete the table below describing cell organelles
Organelle
Nucleus
Ribosome
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic
recticulum
Golgi
apparatus
Lysosome
Vacuole
Function
11. Complete the table below describing cell organelles
Organelle
Nucleus
Ribosome
Chloroplast
Function
Control center of cell. Contains DNA in eukaryotic cells
Makes proteins
Photosynthesis takes place here
Mitochondria
Cells “powerhouse”. Cellular respiration takes place here
Endoplasmic
recticulum
Rough ER- studded with ribosomes- makes proteins and lipids
Smooth ER- no ribosomes on surface. Makes lipids and helps
break down drugs and alcohol
Golgi
apparatus
Cells “post office”. Packages, sorts and delivers proteins
Lysosome
“suicide sacs”. A membrane organelle containing enzymes.
Not found in plant cells
Vacuole
fluid-filled storage sac. Stores water, food molecules, inorganic
ions, and enzymes. Plants contain large, central vacuole
12. The cell membrane is referred to as selectively
(semi) permeable. What does this mean?
12. The cell membrane is referred to as selectively
(semi) permeable. What does this mean?
Allows some things but not others. Helps to maintain
the cells homeostasis
13. What is the difference between active transport
and passive transport?
13. What is the difference between active transport
and passive transport?
Passive transport- allows
cell to move materials
across cell membrane
without using energy
Active Transport- requires
energy by cell
to move
materials in or out of cell.
14. What is diffusion?
14. What is diffusion?
Movement of materials (fluid or gas) from region of
high concentration to region of low concentration
15. What is osmosis?
15. What is osmosis?
15. What is osmosis?
Diffusion of water molecules
16. How is the molecule ATP important to living
things?
16. How is the molecule ATP important to living
things?
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is molecule that
transfers energy from breakdown of food
17. How does ATP release energy?
17. How does ATP release energy?
Energy is released when the phosphate bond is
broken.
18.What is the equation for photosynthesis?
18.What is the equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O →C6H12O6 + 6O2
19. How is the equation for photosynthesis and
cellular respiration related?
19. How is the equation for photosynthesis and
cellular respiration related?
They are the “opposite” of each other
Photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O →C6H12O6 + 6O2
Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
20. What provides the energy to drive the lightdependent stage of photosynthesis?
20. What provides the energy to drive the lightdependent stage of photosynthesis?
Light (Sun)
21. What is the correct sequence of events (stages)
in cellular respiration? (Hint: there are 3)
21. What is the correct sequence of events (stages)
in cellular respiration? (Hint: there are 3)
Glycolysis → Krebs Cycle → Electron Transport
2
2
32
22. Cellular respiration is considered an aerobic
process whereas fermentation is considered
anaerobic. What is the difference?
22. Cellular respiration is considered an aerobic
process whereas fermentation is considered
anaerobic. What is the difference?
Aerobic- requires oxygen
Anaerobic- does not require oxygen
23. What are the two types of Fermentation
(anaerobic respiration) and where do each occur?
23. What are the two types of Fermentation
(anaerobic respiration) and where do each occur?
Lactic Acid fermentation- occurs in muscle cells
Alcoholic fermentation- similar to lactic acid
fermentation. Products of alcoholic fermentation
include cheese, bread, yogurt
24. What is glycolysis and what is the starting
molecule for glycolysis?
24. What is glycolysis and what is the starting
molecule for glycolysis?
Glucose
2
2
32
25. How many molecules of ATP are produced by
glycolysis?
25. How many molecules of ATP are produced by
glycolysis?
2 Molecules of ATP
2
2
32
26. How many molecules of ATP are produced
overall in cellular respiration?
26. How many molecules of ATP are produced
overall in cellular respiration?
36 Molecules of ATP
2
2
32
=36
27. How many molecules of ATP are produced in
fermentation?
27. How many molecules of ATP are produced in
fermentation?
Zero. The only energy produced is by
glycolysis. Fermentation allows glycolysis to
continue
28. The diagram to the right shows the two types of
cell division in eukaryotic cells. What is the name of
each
#1#2-
28. The diagram to the right shows the two types of
cell division in eukaryotic cells. What is the name of
each
#1- Mitosis
#2- Meiosis
29. What is the term and symbol we use to describe
the number of chromosomes in the nuclei labeled A,
B, and C
ABC-
29. What is the term and symbol we use to describe
the number of chromosomes in the nuclei labeled A,
B, and C
A- Diploid (2n)
B- Diploid (2n)
C- Haploid (n)
30. Cancer is a disorder in which some cells have
lost the ability to control what?
30. Cancer is a disorder in which some cells have
lost the ability to control what?
Common name for class or diseases characterized
by uncontrolled cell division. Form from
disorganized clumps called tumors
31. Complete the blanks in the diagram to the right
showing the correct complimentary bases.
31. Complete the blanks in the diagram to the right
showing the correct complimentary bases.
T
U
A
A
C
C
G
G
A
A
G
G
What is the name of the process taking place in the
first diagram?
What is the name of the process taking place in the
second diagram?
What is the name of the process taking place in the
first diagram? DNA Replication
What is the name of the process taking place in the
second diagram? Transcription
How many amino acids would be coded for in the
second diagram?
How many amino acids would be coded for in the
second diagram? two
32. Complete the chart below (meiosis, mitosis,
fertilization)
Cellular process
Chromosome Number
n + n → 2n
2n → n + n
2n → 2n
32. Complete the chart below (meiosis, mitosis,
fertilization)
Cellular process
Chromosome Number
Fertilization
n + n → 2n
Meiosis
2n → n + n
Mitosis
2n → 2n
33. Complete the table below describing different
types of genetic crosses
Type of genetic cross
Results of cross
Red hair X White hair → Red hair
Red hair X White hair → Red & White hair
Red hair X White hair → Pink hair
33. Complete the table below describing different
types of genetic crosses
Type of genetic cross
Results of cross
Dominant
Recessive
Red hair X White hair → Red hair
Co-dominance
Red hair X White hair → Red & White hair
Incomplete
dominance
Red hair X White hair → Pink hair