Monday, February 1, 2016
Agenda:
• Check and review homework
• Review of Literature and Composition Chapter 2 (Literary Terms)
• Assign summer reading assessment
• Interest Inventory
Homework:
Literary Terms Quiz  Tuesday, 2/9
Summer Reading Assessment  Friday, 2/12
“To an Athlete Dying Young”
Experience
SAY?
Focus on one stanza.
(Paraphrase)
Analysis
MEAN?
Ask at least one question.
Extension
MATTER?
Can you connect
something to yourself or
Make at least one inference. your world?
“To An Athlete Dying Young”
Experience
Analysis
Extension
I was confused at first, but I got
the sense that the young guy was
an Olympian. Dying young is the
best way to preserve a person’s
name and fame.
Is it better to die young?
What does the laurel symbolize?
Historically, is it true that if a
famous person dies young, they
are memorialized more than if a
famous person lives a full life?
Are they more easily forgotten?
JFK, Marilyn Monroe versus
others?
Research the effect of the Boer
Wars on England.
Why does the speaker call the
dead young man a smart guy?
Literature and
Composition
Chapter Two
Close Reading
Literary Terms Quiz
• Tuesday, February 9th
• Format: Matching
Why???
• Being able to identify different elements of style (literary
devices) is the first step in being able to uncover the
layers of meaning behind a surface understanding.
• “Oh, that’s a simile!” Now, what is it trying to convey?
Allusion
• Reference to another work of literature or art, history, or
current event.
Archetype
• An original model or pattern. Example: the tragic hero, the
temptress, etc.
• Often includes a symbol, theme, setting, or character that has
common meaning in a culture or all of the human race.
Characterization
• The method by which an author builds or reveals a
character’s character.
Antagonist vs. Protagonist
• Protagonist = main character
• Antagonist =the character that opposes the main
character
Foil
• A contrasting character who allows the protagonist to stand out more
distinctly.
Static vs. Dynamic
• Static character embodies 1 or 2 traits and lacks
development
• Dynamic a character that exhibits a range of
emotions/traits and evolves over the course of the story.
Diction (word choice)
• Connotation meanings/associations readers have with
a word beyond the dictionary definition.
• Denotation dictionary definition
Archaic Diction
• Words that were once common but are no longer used/
• Example: valise, billfold
Colloquial vs. Formal Diction
• Colloquial –conversational, slang
Figurative Language
• Figurative language = language that is not literal. It is
used to express complex ideas and emotions.
Analogy
• A comparison that helps a writer explain something in
other terms.
• EXAMPLE: There is Mr. Marblehall’s ancestral home. It’s not so
wonderfully large –it has only four columns –but you always look toward, the
way you always glance into tunnels and see nothing.
Hyperbole
• Deliberate exaggeration/overstatement
• Example: “Her beauty could end wars.”
Metaphor
• A complex comparison that implies that one thing is
another thing.
• EXAMPLE: Gatsby is a little tiny boat, paddling against
the current in the closing lines of The Great Gatsby
Paradox
• A statement that seems contradictory but actually is not.
• Example: Without laws, we would have no freedom. We
fight wars for peace.
Personification
• Giving inanimate things human characteristics
• Example: The saw that understand “supper” and leaped
out of the boy’s hands.
Understatement
• Framing something as less important for satiric or comic effect.
To make light of something for a purpose.
• EXAMPLE: “The grave’s a fine and private place,/But none, I
think, do there embrace.”
Irony
• Dramatic Irony tension between what a character says or thinks
and what the audience knows to be true.
• Situational Irony  the discrepancy between what you would
expect and what actually happens. The opposite of what you’d
think. Example: police stations gets robbed
• Verbal Irony  Sarcasm. Saying one thing, but meaning another.
Flashback
• Breaking chronological sequence to return to an earlier time in a
character’s life.
Foreshadowing
• Future events are hinted at.
Imagery
• Language that appeals to the senses. Not just eyes!
• Descriptions of how something looks, tastes, feels, sounds, smells
that helps readers experience what they read.
“ I will speak daggers to her but use none!” -Hamlet
Juxtaposition
• Arranging two things side by side for contrast, suspense, or
character development.
• Example: “To be, or not to be.”
Mood
• The feeling the READER gets. It might be generated by
tone, setting, or style.
Motif
• A recurring pattern of images, words, or symbols that reveals a
theme in a work of literature.
Point of View
• First person I (uses the pronoun)
• Second person  You. Rare. It casts the reader as a character.
• Third person limited omniscient  He/she. Knows thoughts of one
character.
• Third person omniscient  He/she. Knows the thoughts of all
characters.
Satire
• Humor used to critique bad qualities, society, government
or an individual.
“A Modest Proposal”
Setting
• Where and when a story takes place.
Simile
• A figure of speech used to explain or clarify an idea by comparing it
explicitly to something else, using the words like or as to do so.
Style
• They way a literary work is written. Style is produced by
the author’s choices.
• Literary devices are elements of style.
Symbol
• Something that carries more than its literal meaning. It
represents something more significant.
Syntax
• The arrangement of words into phrases, clauses, and sentences in a prose
passage.
• Structure
Theme  THE MEssage
• A central idea or statement that unifies and controls an entire literary work.
• Usually it is implied and we have to develop it into words.
• Avoids words like “everyone” and “always” because it might not be true for
everyone and forever.
Example: Living a life with a strict routine and little joy can cause a person to
feel less human.
• Can you think of a theme from Beauty and the Beast?
Tone
•
•
•
•
•
The SPEAKER’S attitude as exposed through stylistic choices.
Usually described in one word.
Not to be confused with MOOD!
It creates the emotional coloring of a work.
Tone of “Out, Out--” : matter-of-fact, cold
“To An Athlete Dying Young”
• Now, go back, reread the poem, and identify the literary terms.
• (Complete the top portion of the handout.)
Practice: page 25
• How does Fitzgerald’s style (elements of style/use of literary
devices) convey Gatsby as someone with a great “capacity for
wonder”?
• Try to find one specific example (quote the phrase) from the text
and explain how it characterizes Gatsby as a person who is full of
wonder. At least that’s the way Nick Carraway, the narrator,
remembers him.
Practice: page 25
• Can you identify any of the literary terms we just reviewed?
The Gatsby Excerpt
• Nick imagines what it was like for the European explorers to first set eyes on Long Island, the
place that eventually became Gatsby’s home.>> “The fresh, green breast of the new world.”
IMAGERY
• Gatsby and the explorers were brave and imaginative and capable of wonder. >> “man held
his breath in the presence of the continent.” METAPHOR
• Gatsby’s dream is the green light that he picked out from his “blue” lawn. It seemed so close to
grasp, but he was not able to reach it. SYMBOLISM, IMAGERY
• He believed in the “green light, the orgastic future that year by year recedes before us.”
IMAGERY
• Poor Gatsby is compared to a boat “against the current” held back by the past. METAPHOR
Summer Reading Assessment
Interest Inventory
• Share as much as you feel comfortable sharing