• RED SLIDE: These are notes that are very
important and should be recorded in your
science journal.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
-Nice neat notes that are legible and use indents when
appropriate.
-Example of indent.
Proton
Electron
Neutron
-Nice neat notes that are legible and use indents when
appropriate.
-Example of indent.
-Skip a line between topics
Proton
Electron
Neutron
-Nice neat notes that are legible and use indents when
appropriate.
-Example of indent.
-Skip a line between topics
-Make visuals clear and well drawn. Label please.
Proton
Electron
Neutron
-
• RED SLIDE: These are notes that are very
important and should be recorded in your
science journal.
• BLACK SLIDE: Pay attention, follow
directions, complete projects as described
and answer required questions neatly.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Keep an eye out for “The-Owl” and raise
your hand as soon as you see him.
– He will be hiding somewhere in the slideshow
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
“Hoot, Hoot”
“Good Luck!”
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

New Area of focus: Atomic Bonding
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

New Area of focus: Atomic Bonding
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Chemical Bonding: The attraction that holds
atoms close to each other.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Chemical Bonding: The attraction that holds
atoms close to each other.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
 Ionic,
Covalent, Metallic
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
 Ionic,
Covalent, Metallic
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
 Ionic,
Covalent, Metallic
 Covalent – Share electrons
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
 Ionic,
Covalent, Metallic
 Covalent – Share electrons
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
 Ionic,
Covalent, Metallic
 Covalent – Share electrons
 Ionic – Gain or lose electrons
(transfer)
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
 Ionic,
Covalent, Metallic
 Covalent – Share electrons
 Ionic – Gain or lose electrons
(transfer)
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
 Ionic,
Covalent, Metallic
 Covalent – Share electrons
 Ionic – Gain or lose electrons
(transfer)
 Metallic- Many free electrons
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
“My name is
Bond.”
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
“Covalent
Bond.”
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Covalent bonding occurs by a sharing of
valence electrons (Strongest) (SPONCH).
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Covalent bonding occurs by a sharing of
valence electrons (Strongest) (SPONCH).
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Covalent bonding occurs by a sharing of
valence electrons (Strongest) (SPONCH).
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Covalent bonding occurs by a sharing of
valence electrons (Strongest) (SPONCH).
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Covalent bonding occurs by a sharing of
valence electrons (Strongest) (SPONCH).
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Covalent bonding occurs by a sharing of
valence electrons (Strongest) (SPONCH).
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Atoms and Periodic Table Unit Link

Ionic Bonding: Forms crystal lattice.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Metal bonding to a non-metal will always
be an ionic bond.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Metal bonding to a non-metal will always
be an ionic bond.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Metal bonding to a non-metal will always
be an ionic bond.
Metal or non-metal?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Metal bonding to a non-metal will always
be an ionic bond.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Metal bonding to a non-metal will always
be an ionic bond.
Metal or non-metal?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Metal bonding to a non-metal will always
be an ionic bond.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Metal bonding to a non-metal will always
be an ionic bond.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Metal bonding to a non-metal will always
be an ionic bond.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Metal bonding to a non-metal will always
be an ionic bond.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Metal bonding to a non-metal will always
be an ionic bond.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Metal bonding to a non-metal will always
be an ionic bond.
Opposites sides of the Periodic Table.
Gives an
electron +1
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Metal bonding to a non-metal will always
be an ionic bond.
Opposites sides of the Periodic Table.
Gives an
electron +1
Gains an
electron -1
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Metal bonding to a non-metal will always
be an ionic bond.
Opposites sides of the Periodic Table.
Gives an
electron +1
Gains an
electron -1
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Video: Ionic and Covalent Bonds
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kj3o0Xv
hVqQ&feature=results_main&playnext=1&
list=PL85B1E4851BDEE325

Metallic bonding: The bonding between
atoms within metals. The sharing of many
free electrons.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Metallic bonding: The bonding between
atoms within metals. The sharing of many
free electrons.
Learn more:
http://www.chemguide.co.uk/atoms/bondin
g/metallic.html
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Generating heat by breaking
metallic bonds.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Generating heat by breaking
metallic bonds. Wear Safety Goggles.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Generating heat by breaking
metallic bonds.
– Bend spoon back and forth to generate very
hot temperatures, WATCH OUT!
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Generating heat by breaking
metallic bonds.
– Bend spoon back and forth to generate very
hot temperatures, WATCH OUT!
– Do not try this in the lunchroom!
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Video! Ionic and Covalent Bonding.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QqjcCv
zWwww
• Video Link! (Optional) Khan Academy,
Atomic Bonding.
– http://www.khanacademy.org/video/ionic-covalent--and-metallic-bonds?playlist=Chemistry
Atoms and Periodic Table Unit Link
“Ahh, I just
lost an
electron?”
“Are you
positive?”
“I can’t take
this anymore”
“Ahh, I just
lost an
electron?”
“Are you
positive?”
The closer and more tightly bound an electron is to
the nucleus, the more difficult it will be to remove,
and the higher its ionization energy will be.
Nightmare
Protons stink!
This is the worst.
I hate being in this shell.
Nightmare
Protons stink!
This is the worst.
I hate being in this shell.
Nightmare
Protons stink!
I’m so happy.
This is the worst.
This is so nice
I hate being in this shell.
Nightmare
Protons stink!
I’m so happy.
This is the worst.
This is so nice
I hate being in this shell.
The atom has a neutral charge
when the number is the same.
The atom has a neutral charge
when the number is the same.
When you remove an
electron
The atom has a neutral charge
when the number is the same.
When you remove an
electron the atom becomes
more positive
The atom has a neutral charge
when the number is the same.
Yay, we lost Grumpy.
I feel so more positive.
When you remove an
electron the atom becomes
more positive
The atom has a neutral charge
when the number is the same.
Yay, we lost Grumpy.
I feel so more positive.
When you remove an
electron the atom becomes
more positive (Cation +)
The atom has a neutral charge
when the number is the same.
When you remove an
electron the atom becomes
more positive (Cation +)
The atom has a neutral charge
when the number is the same.
When you add an electron the
atom becomes more negative.
When you remove an
electron the atom becomes
more positive (Cation +)
The atom has a neutral charge
when the number is the same.
When you add an electron the
atom becomes more negative.
Anion -
When you remove an
electron the atom becomes
more positive (Cation +)
The atom has a neutral charge
when the number is the same.
When you add an electron the
atom becomes more negative.
Anion More negativity
When you remove an
electron the atom becomes
more positive (Cation +)
• Activity! Online Atom Builder. (Charge)
– Can try the game level 3.
• http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/build
-an-atom
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Which atom below is the anion, and which
is the cation?
• Sodium formed a cation because it lost 1
electron and became positive.
• Chlorine formed an anion because it gained
-1 electron. More negative.
• Which atom below formed a cation, and
which formed an anion?
• Which atom below formed a cation, and
which formed an anion?
• Which atom below formed a cation, and
which formed an anion?
• Which atom below formed a cation, and
which formed an anion?
• Which atom below formed a cation, and
which formed an anion?
Atoms and Periodic Table Unit Link
• Acids and Bases optional PowerPoint in
folder.
– Nice reading can be found here.
– http://www.visionlearning.com/library/module_
viewer.php?mid=58
• Acid: a substance which when added to
water produces hydrogen ions [H+].
– React with zinc, magnesium, or aluminum and form
hydrogen (H2(g))
– React with compounds containing CO32- and form
carbon dioxide and water
– Turn litmus red
– Taste sour (lemons contain citric acid, for example)
– Tasting Acids in the lab would be unsafe.
• Acid: a substance which when added to
water produces hydrogen ions [H+].
– React with zinc, magnesium, or aluminum and form
hydrogen (H2(g)).
– React with compounds containing CO32- and form
carbon dioxide and water.
– Turns litmus red.
– Taste sour (lemons contain citric acid, for example).
– Tasting Acids in the lab would be unsafe.
• Base: a substance which when added to
water produces hydroxide ions [OH-].
– Feel soapy or slippery
– Turn litmus blue
– They react with most cations to precipitate
hydroxides
– Taste bitter like soap.
– Do not taste in the lab.
• Base: a substance which when added to
water produces hydroxide ions [OH-].
– Feel soapy or slippery.
– Turns litmus blue.
– They react with most cations to precipitate
hydroxides.
– Taste bitter like soap.
– Do not taste in the lab.
• Which is an Acid and which is a Base?
Lots of OH-, High pH
OH-
OH-
OHOHOH-
• Which is an Acid and which is a Base?
Lots of OH-, High pH
OH-
OH-
OHOHOH-
• Which is an Acid and which is a Base?
Lots of OH-, High pH
OH-
OH-
OHOHOH-
• Which is an Acid and which is a Base?
Lots of OH-, High pH
OH-
OH-
OHOHOH-
• Which is an Acid and which is a Base?
• Which is not true of a base?
A.) Feel soapy or slippery.
B.) Turns litmus red.
C.) They react with most cations to precipitate
hydroxides.
D.) Taste bitter like soap.
– Do not taste in the lab.
• Which is not true of a base?
A.) Feel soapy or slippery.
B.) Turns litmus red.
C.) They react with most cations to precipitate
hydroxides.
D.) Taste bitter like soap.
– Do not taste in the lab.
• Which is not true of a base?
A.) Feel soapy or slippery.
B.) Turns litmus red.
C.) They react with most cations to precipitate
hydroxides.
D.) Taste bitter like soap.
– Do not taste in the lab.
• Which is not true of a base?
A.) Feel soapy or slippery.
B.) Turns litmus red.
C.) They react with most cations to precipitate
hydroxides.
D.) Taste bitter like soap.
– Do not taste in the lab.
• Which is not true of a base?
A.) Feel soapy or slippery.
B.) Turns litmus blue.
C.) They react with most cations to precipitate
hydroxides.
D.) Taste bitter like soap.
– Do not taste in the lab.
• Which is not true of acids?
A.) Acid: a substance which when added to water
produces hydrogen ions [H+].
B.) React with zinc, magnesium, or aluminum and form
hydrogen (H2(g)).
C.) They react with most cations to precipitate hydroxides
D.) Turn litmus red.
E.) Taste sour (lemons contain citric acid, for example).
• Tasting Acids in the lab would be unsafe.
Atoms and Periodic Table Unit Link
• Hydrogen Bond: A chemical bond in which a
hydrogen atom of one molecule is attracted
to an electronegative atom.
• Hydrogen Bond: A chemical bond in which a
hydrogen atom of one molecule is attracted
to an electronegative atom.
• Hydrogen Bond: A chemical bond in which a
hydrogen atom of one molecule is attracted
to an electronegative atom.
– Especially a nitrogen, oxygen, or flourine atom of
another molecule.
• Hydrogen Bond: A chemical bond in which a
hydrogen atom of one molecule is attracted
to an electronegative atom.
– Especially a nitrogen, oxygen, or flourine atom of
another molecule.
• The three classes of bonds
• The three classes of bonds
– Nonpolar Covalent
• The three classes of bonds
– Nonpolar Covalent
– Polar Covalent
• The three classes of bonds
– Nonpolar Covalent
– Polar Covalent
– Ionic
• The three classes of bonds
– Nonpolar Covalent
– Polar Covalent
– Ionic
• The most commonly used electronegativity scale is
Pauling's. Most Periodic Tables gives the value for
each element.
• The three classes of bonds
– Nonpolar Covalent
– Polar Covalent
– Ionic
• The most commonly used electronegativity scale is
Pauling's. Most Periodic Tables gives the value for
each element.
– Differences 1.7 or greater, the bond is usually ionic,
– Differences Less than 1.7, the bond is usually covalent,
» Unless the difference is less than 0.5 the bond has some
degree of polarity
– Differences of less than 0.5 are considered to be nonpolar.
• The three classes of bonds
– Nonpolar Covalent
– Polar Covalent
– Ionic
H2O Electron Negativity Difference
• The most commonly used electronegativity scale is
Pauling's. Most Periodic Tables gives the value for
each element.
– Differences 1.7 or greater, the bond is usually ionic,
– Differences Less than 1.7, the bond is usually covalent,
» Unless the difference is less than 0.5 the bond has some
degree of polarity
– Differences of less than 0.5 are considered to be nonpolar.
• The three classes of bonds
– Nonpolar Covalent H2O Electron Negativity Difference
Hydrogen = 2.20
– Polar Covalent
Oxygen = 3.44
– Ionic
• The most commonly used electronegativity scale is
Pauling's. Most Periodic Tables gives the value for
each element.
– Differences 1.7 or greater, the bond is usually ionic,
– Differences Less than 1.7, the bond is usually covalent,
» Unless the difference is less than 0.5 the bond has some
degree of polarity
– Differences of less than 0.5 are considered to be nonpolar.
• The three classes of bonds
– Nonpolar Covalent H2O Electron Negativity Difference
Hydrogen = 2.20
– Polar Covalent
Oxygen = 3.44
3.44 – 2.20 =
– Ionic
• The most commonly used electronegativity scale is
Pauling's. Most Periodic Tables gives the value for
each element.
– Differences 1.7 or greater, the bond is usually ionic,
– Differences Less than 1.7, the bond is usually covalent,
» Unless the difference is less than 0.5 the bond has some
degree of polarity
– Differences of less than 0.5 are considered to be nonpolar.
• The three classes of bonds
– Nonpolar Covalent H2O Electron Negativity Difference
Hydrogen = 2.20
– Polar Covalent
Oxygen = 3.44
3.44 – 2.20 = 1.24
– Ionic
• The most commonly used electronegativity scale is
Pauling's. Most Periodic Tables gives the value for
each element.
– Differences 1.7 or greater, the bond is usually ionic,
– Differences Less than 1.7, the bond is usually covalent,
» Unless the difference is less than 0.5 the bond has some
degree of polarity
– Differences of less than 0.5 are considered to be nonpolar.
• The three classes of bonds
– Nonpolar Covalent H2O Electron Negativity Difference
Hydrogen = 2.20
– Polar Covalent
Oxygen = 3.44
3.44 – 2.20 = 1.24
– Ionic
• The most commonly used electronegativity scale is
Pauling's. Most Periodic Tables gives the value for
each element.
– Differences 1.7 or greater, the bond is usually ionic,
– Differences Less than 1.7, the bond is usually covalent,
» Unless the difference is less than 0.5 the bond has some
degree of polarity
– Differences of less than 0.5 are considered to be nonpolar.
• The three classes of bonds
– Nonpolar Covalent H2O Electron Negativity Difference
Hydrogen = 2.20
– Polar Covalent
Oxygen = 3.44
3.44 – 2.20 = 1.24
– Ionic
• The most commonly used electronegativity scale is
Pauling's. Most Periodic Tables gives the value for
each element.
– Differences 1.7 or greater, the bond is usually ionic,
– Differences Less than 1.7, the bond is usually covalent,
» Unless the difference is less than 0.5 the bond has some
degree of polarity
– Differences of less than 0.5 are considered to be nonpolar.
Try
Ethane
C2H6?
Try
Ethane
C2H6?
• The three classes of bonds
– Nonpolar Covalent
– Polar Covalent
– Ionic
C2H6 Ethane Electron Negativity Diff.
• The most commonly used electronegativity scale is
Pauling's. Most Periodic Tables gives the value for
each element.
– Differences 1.7 or greater, the bond is usually ionic,
– Differences Less than 1.7, the bond is usually covalent,
» Unless the difference is less than 0.5 the bond has some
degree of polarity
– Differences of less than 0.5 are considered to be nonpolar.
• The three classes of bonds
– Nonpolar Covalent C2H6 Ethane Electron Negativity Diff.
Hydrogen = 2.20
– Polar Covalent
Carbon = 2.55
– Ionic
• The most commonly used electronegativity scale is
Pauling's. Most Periodic Tables gives the value for
each element.
– Differences 1.7 or greater, the bond is usually ionic,
– Differences Less than 1.7, the bond is usually covalent,
» Unless the difference is less than 0.5 the bond has some
degree of polarity
– Differences of less than 0.5 are considered to be nonpolar.
• The three classes of bonds
– Nonpolar Covalent C2H6 Ethane Electron Negativity Diff.
Hydrogen = 2.20
– Polar Covalent
Carbon = 2.55
2.55 – 2.20 =
– Ionic
• The most commonly used electronegativity scale is
Pauling's. Most Periodic Tables gives the value for
each element.
– Differences 1.7 or greater, the bond is usually ionic,
– Differences Less than 1.7, the bond is usually covalent,
» Unless the difference is less than 0.5 the bond has some
degree of polarity
– Differences of less than 0.5 are considered to be nonpolar.
• The three classes of bonds
– Nonpolar Covalent C2H6 Ethane Electron Negativity Diff.
Hydrogen = 2.20
– Polar Covalent
Carbon = 2.55
2.55 – 2.20 = .35
– Ionic
• The most commonly used electronegativity scale is
Pauling's. Most Periodic Tables gives the value for
each element.
– Differences 1.7 or greater, the bond is usually ionic,
– Differences Less than 1.7, the bond is usually covalent,
» Unless the difference is less than 0.5 the bond has some
degree of polarity
– Differences of less than 0.5 are considered to be nonpolar.
• The three classes of bonds
– Nonpolar Covalent C2H6 Ethane Electron Negativity Diff.
Hydrogen = 2.20
– Polar Covalent
Carbon = 2.55
2.55 – 2.20 = .35
– Ionic
• The most commonly used electronegativity scale is
Pauling's. Most Periodic Tables gives the value for
each element.
– Differences 1.7 or greater, the bond is usually ionic,
– Differences Less than 1.7, the bond is usually covalent,
» Unless the difference is less than 0.5 the bond has some
degree of polarity
– Differences of less than 0.5 are considered to be nonpolar.
Atoms and Periodic Table Unit Link
• I would recommend completing these
questions right away.
Carbon = 2.55
Hydrogen = 2.20
Carbon = 2.55
Oxygen = 3.44
Hydrogen = 2.20
Oxygen = 3.44
Hydrogen
= 2.20
Do we want
to
Carbon
2.55
see the=answers?
2.55 – 2.20 = .35
Oxygen
= 3.44
Do we want
to
Carbon
=
2.55
see the answers?
3.44 – 2.55 = .89
Carbon = 2.55
Hydrogen = 2.20
Carbon = 2.55
Oxygen = 3.44
Hydrogen
= 2.20
Do we want
to
Oxygen
3.44
see the =
answers?
3.44 – 2.20 = 1.24
Hydrogen = 2.20
Oxygen = 3.44
Hydrogen
= 2.20
Do we want
to
Carbon
2.55
see the=answers?
2.55 – 2.20 = .35
Oxygen
= 3.44
Do we want
to
Carbon
=
2.55
see the answers?
3.44 – 2.55 = .89
Carbon = 2.55
Hydrogen = 2.20
Carbon = 2.55
Oxygen = 3.44
Hydrogen
= 2.20
Do we want
to
Oxygen
3.44
see the =
answers?
3.44 – 2.20 = 1.24
Hydrogen = 2.20
Oxygen = 3.44
Hydrogen = 2.20
Carbon = 2.55
2.55 – 2.20 = .35
Oxygen
= 3.44
Do we want
to
Carbon
=
2.55
see the answers?
3.44 – 2.55 = .89
Carbon = 2.55
Hydrogen = 2.20
Carbon = 2.55
Oxygen = 3.44
Hydrogen
= 2.20
Do we want
to
Oxygen
3.44
see the =
answers?
3.44 – 2.20 = 1.24
Hydrogen = 2.20
Oxygen = 3.44
Hydrogen = 2.20
Carbon = 2.55
2.55 – 2.20 = .35
Oxygen
= 3.44
Do we want
to
Carbon
=
2.55
see the answers?
3.44 – 2.55 = .89
Carbon = 2.55
Hydrogen = 2.20
Carbon = 2.55
Oxygen = 3.44
Hydrogen
= 2.20
Do we want
to
Oxygen
3.44
see the =
answers?
3.44 – 2.20 = 1.24
Hydrogen = 2.20
Oxygen = 3.44
Differences 1.7 or greater, the bond is usually ionic,
Differences Less than 1.7, the bond is usually covalent,
Unless the difference is less than 0.5 the bond has some
degree of polarity
Differences of less than 0.5 are considered to be nonpolar.
Atoms and Periodic Table Unit Link
• Video! Ionic and Covalent Bonding.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QqjcCv
zWwww
• Video Link! Ionic and Covalent Bonds
– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7DjsD7Hcd9U
• (Optional Link): Khan Academy
• Ionization Energy (12 min) Advanced
• http://www.khanacademy.org/video/periodi
c-table-trends--ionizationenergy?playlist=Chemistry
• Video Link! Speaking Chemistry Crash
Course.
– Optional and Advanced.
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mlRhLicNo8Q&l
ist=PL8dPuuaLjXtPHzzYuWy6fYEaX9mQQ8oGr
• Remember:
• Covalent – Sharing an Electron many of
the SPONCH elements.
• Remember:
• Covalent – Sharing an Electron many of
the SPONCH elements.
• Ionic – Opposite charges + / -
• Remember:
• Covalent – Sharing an Electron many of
the SPONCH elements.
• Ionic – Opposite charges + / • Metallic – Many electrons
Atoms and Periodic Table Unit Link
• Quiz Wiz: Label as either…
• Covalent, Ionic, or Metallic 1-10
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Atoms and Periodic Table of the Elements Unit on TpT
• Answers! Quiz Wiz: Label as either,
Covalent, Ionic, or Metallic 1-10
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Atoms and Periodic Table Unit Link
• Video Link! Carbon Crash Course and Nice
Review of Unit. (Optional)
– Preview for language and content.
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QnQe0xW_J
Y4&list=EC3EED4C1D684D3ADF

Chemical Change: The change of
substances into other substances through a
reorganization of the atoms.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Atoms and Periodic Table Unit Link
• Chemical Reaction Mercury(II)
thiocyanate decomposition.
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ritaljhhk7s
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Balancing Chemical Equations.
• Balancing Chemical Equations.
– This is what happens in a chemical reaction
• Balancing Chemical Equations.
– This is what happens in a chemical reaction
• Balancing Chemical Equations.
– This is what happens in a chemical reaction
– It describes what you started with…and ended
with.
• Balancing Chemical Equations.
– This is what happens in a chemical reaction
– It describes what you started with…and ended
with.
• Balancing Chemical Equations.
– This is what happens in a chemical reaction
– It describes what you started with…and ended
with.
• Balancing Chemical Equations.
– This is what happens in a chemical reaction
– It describes what you started with…and ended
with.
• Balancing Chemical Equations.
– This is what happens in a chemical reaction
– It describes what you started with…and ended
with.
• Balancing Chemical Equations.
– This is what happens in a chemical reaction
– It describes what you started with…and ended
with.
– It also describes the phases of each (s) (l) (g)
• Balancing Chemical Equations.
– This is what happens in a chemical reaction
– It describes what you started with…and ended
with.
– It also describes the phases of each (s) (l) (g)
– It also describes the amount of each.
• Balancing Chemical Equations.
– This is what happens in a chemical reaction
– It describes what you started with…and ended
with.
– It also describes the phases of each (s) (l) (g)
– It also describes the amount of each.
• Balancing Chemical Equations.
– This is what happens in a chemical reaction
– It describes what you started with…and ended
with.
– It also describes the phases of each (s) (l) (g)
– It also describes the amount of each.
• Balancing Chemical Equations.
– This is what happens in a chemical reaction
– It describes what you started with…and ended
with.
– It also describes the phases of each (s) (l) (g)
– It also describes the amount of each.
• Balancing a chemical equation refers to
establishing the mathematical relationship
between the quantity of reactants and
products.
• Balancing a chemical equation refers to
establishing the mathematical relationship
between the quantity of reactants and
products.
– Reactant: Starting
• Balancing a chemical equation refers to
establishing the mathematical relationship
between the quantity of reactants and
products.
– Reactant: Starting
• Balancing a chemical equation refers to
establishing the mathematical relationship
between the quantity of reactants and
products.
– Reactant: Starting
• Balancing a chemical equation refers to
establishing the mathematical relationship
between the quantity of reactants and
products.
– Reactant: Starting
– Products: Ending
• Balancing a chemical equation refers to
establishing the mathematical relationship
between the quantity of reactants and
products.
– Reactant: Starting
– Products: Ending
• Balancing a chemical equation refers to
establishing the mathematical relationship
between the quantity of reactants and
products.
– Reactant: Starting
– Products: Ending
Atoms and Periodic Table Unit Link
• Remember the Law Conservation of Mass:
Matter cannot be created or destroyed. That
means we need to have the same amount of
chemicals on each side of the .
• For this reason, put a square around the
chemical formulas.
• Example
• Begin balancing chemical equations by
putting numbers (coefficients) in front of
them.
• Begin balancing chemical equations by
putting numbers (coefficients) in front of
them.
– Example H2O on one side could become 2 H2O
• Begin balancing chemical equations by
putting numbers (coefficients) in front of
them.
– Example H2O on one side could become 2 H2O
– Remember that each side needs to have same
number of Hydrogen and Oxygen
• Begin balancing chemical equations by
putting numbers (coefficients) in front of
them.
– Example H2O on one side could become 2 H2O
– Remember that each side needs to have same
number of Hydrogen and Oxygen
• Note – Don’t change the subscript
• Example H2O becomes H3O
• Begin balancing chemical equations by
putting numbers (coefficients) in front of
them.
– Example H2O on one side could become 2 H2O
– Remember that each side needs to have same
number of Hydrogen and Oxygen
• Note – Don’t change the subscript
• Example H2O becomes H3O
• Balancing Equations Available Sheet.
– Complete each equation as we cover it in
class.
• A way to start off the process is to create
an inventory of your chemicals.
• A way to start off the process is to create
an inventory of your chemicals. BOXES!!!
• A way to start off the process is to create
an inventory of your chemicals.
• A way to start off the process is to create
an inventory of your chemicals.
• A way to start off the process is to create
an inventory of your chemicals.
• A way to start off the process is to create
an inventory of your chemicals.
• A way to start off the process is to create
an inventory of your chemicals.
• A way to start off the process is to create
an inventory of your chemicals.
• A way to start off the process is to create
an inventory of your chemicals.
• A way to start off the process is to create
an inventory of your chemicals.
• A way to start off the process is to create
an inventory of your chemicals.
• A way to start off the process is to create
an inventory of your chemicals.
• A way to start off the process is to create
an inventory of your chemicals.
• A way to start off the process is to create
an inventory of your chemicals.
• A way to start off the process is to create
an inventory of your chemicals.
• A way to start off the process is to create
an inventory of your chemicals.
• A way to start off the process is to create
an inventory of your chemicals.
• A way to start off the process is to create
an inventory of your chemicals.
• A way to start off the process is to create
an inventory of your chemicals.
• A way to start off the process is to create
an inventory of your chemicals.
Atoms and Periodic Table Unit Link
• A way to start off the process is to create
an inventory of your chemicals.
• Now look at the inventory and begin the
process of balancing the equation.
One Sodium
One Sodium
Two Sodium
One Sodium
Two Sodium
Let’s add a 2 here and see if it balances.
2
Did it balance? Are we done?
2
Did it balance? Are we done?
We should do a new inventory chart.
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
6
2
2
2
6
2
2
2
6
2
2
2
2
6
5
2
2
2
6
5
One Sodium
Two Sodium
Let’s try again and add a 2 to the other side.
2
2
Does it balance this time?
Atoms and Periodic Table Unit Link
• It should work most of the time although it can be
very tricky. Always keep an inventory chart or it
will get all messed up.
__CH4
__CH4++__O2
__O2-->
-->__CO2
__CO2++__H2O
__H2O
C
H
O
• It should work most of the time although it can be
very tricky. Always keep an inventory chart or it
will get all messed up. Try to balance…
__CH4
__CH4++__O2
__O2-->
-->__CO2
__CO2++__H2O
__H2O
C
H
O
• It should work most of the time although it can be
very tricky. Always keep an inventory chart or it
will get all messed up. Try to balance…
__CH4
+ __H
__H2O
__CH4 ++ __O2
__O2 -->
--> __CO2
__CO2 +
2O
C
H
O
• It should work most of the time although it can be
very tricky. Always keep an inventory chart or it
will get all messed up. Try to balance… BOXES!
__CH4
+ __H
__H2O
__CH4 ++ __O2
__O2 -->
--> __CO2
__CO2 +
2O
C
H
O
Atoms and Periodic Table of the Elements Unit on TpT
• What’s this famous equation?
___CO2 + ___H2O + light energy = __C6H12O6 + __O2
• What’s this famous equation?
___CO2 + ___H2O + light energy = __C6H12O6 + __O2
• What’s this famous equation?
• Can you balance it?
___CO2 + ___H2O + light energy = __C6H12O6 + __O2
___CO2 + ___H2O = __C6H12O6 + __O2
Element
Before
After
Atoms and Periodic Table of the Elements Unit on TpT
Note – There are other methods to balance
equations without the use of tables and
inventory charts. The following links can
__CH4
+ other
__O2
-->
3show
Mg +you
1
Mn
2O3methods.
-->__CO2
3 MgO++__H2O
2 Mn
http://www.skyweb.net/science/balancing_chemical_equations.htm
http://chemistry.about.com/cs/stoichiometry/a/aa042903a.h
1
Mg
1
3
3
tm
21
Mn
2
http://www.fordhamprep.org/gcurran/sho/sho/lessons/lesso
n81.htm
O
F
33
31
• Okay, we now can understand it. Let’s
learn how to shorten this process a bit.
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vO9VgitCx04
• Another way to balance chemical Equations.
• Video Link! Khan Academy - Balancing
Chemical Equations.
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RnGu3xO2h74
• Online Quiz Link! Balancing Chemical
Equations.
• http://education.jlab.org/elementbalancing/
index.html
• Video Link! Balancing Chemical Equations.
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_B735turDo
M&feature=em-subs_digest-vrecs
• Video Link! Khan Academy, Balancing
Chemical Equations.
• http://www.khanacademy.org/video/balanc
ing-chemicalequations?playlist=Chemistry
• Activity Simulator: Balancing Chemical
Equations.
– http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/balanci
ng-chemical-equations
• Blank inventory charts available for
worksheets on next slide.
• Blank inventory charts available for
worksheets on next slide.
Many more equations / worksheets can be found at…
http://chemistry.about.com/library/formulabalance.pdf
Answers
http://chemistry.about.com/library/formulabalance2.pdf
Answers
http://chemistry.about.com/library/formulabalance3.pdf
Answers
• Activity Sheet! Balancing Unbalanced
Chemical Equations. (New Problems)
– Do your best as this can be very difficult
for some.
– Use the Inventory Box Method or the one
learned from other sources.
• Endothermic
• Endothermic
– Endo = Inside
• Endothermic and Exothermic Reactions
– Endo = Inside
• Endothermic and Exothermic Reactions
– Endo = Inside
• Endothermic and Exothermic Reactions
– Endo = Inside
– Exo = Outside
• Law Conservation of Energy
– Everything is trying to get to the same
temperature.
• Heat goes from Hot to Cold
• Law Conservation of Energy
– Everything is trying to get to the same
temperature.
• Heat goes from Hot to Cold
• Energy cannot be created or destroyed but
can diminish in quality from useful to less
useful.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Atoms and Periodic Table Unit Link

Exothermic Reactions: Chemical reactions
that releases energy in the form of heat,
light, or sound.
 The
products contain less energy than the
reactants
 Heat is lost to the surroundings.

Exothermic Reactions: Chemical reactions
that releases energy in the form of heat,
light, or sound.
 The
products contain less energy than the
reactants
 Heat is lost to the surroundings.

Exothermic Reactions: Chemical reactions
that releases energy in the form of heat,
light, or sound.
 The
products contain less energy than the
reactants
 Heat is lost to the surroundings.

Exothermic Reactions: Chemical reactions
that releases energy in the form of heat,
light, or sound.
 The
products contain less energy than the
reactants
 Heat is lost to the surroundings.
• Video Link! Gummy Bear meets Potassium
Chlorate.
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bXScgXleLX8
• Potential Energy
– When two atoms form a strong covalent or ionic
bond, chemical energy is converted into other
forms of energy, usually in the form of heat and
light.
• Potential Energy
– When two atoms form a strong covalent or ionic
bond, chemical energy is converted into other
forms of energy, usually in the form of heat and
light.
Atoms and Periodic Table Unit Link
• To figure out if a reaction is exothermic or
endothermic.
– Observe how the temperature of the
surroundings changes.
– An exothermic process releases heat that
causes the temperature of the immediate
surroundings to increase.
– An endothermic process absorbs heat and
makes the surroundings colder.
• To figure out if a reaction is exothermic or
endothermic.
– Observe how the temperature of the
surroundings changes.
– An exothermic process releases heat that
causes the temperature of the immediate
surroundings to increase.
– An endothermic process absorbs heat and
makes the surroundings colder.
• To figure out if a reaction is exothermic or
endothermic.
– Observe how the temperature of the
surroundings changes.
– An exothermic process releases heat that
causes the temperature of the immediate
surroundings to increase.
– An endothermic process absorbs heat and
makes the surroundings colder.
• To figure out if a reaction is exothermic or
endothermic.
– Observe how the temperature of the
surroundings changes.
– An exothermic process releases heat that
causes the temperature of the immediate
surroundings to increase.
– An endothermic process absorbs heat and
makes the surroundings colder.
• To figure out if a reaction is exothermic or
endothermic.
– Observe how the temperature of the
surroundings changes.
– An exothermic process releases heat that
causes the temperature of the immediate
surroundings to increase.
– An endothermic process absorbs heat and
makes the surroundings colder.
• To figure out if a reaction is exothermic or
endothermic.
– Observe how the temperature of the
surroundings changes.
– An exothermic process releases heat that
causes the temperature of the immediate
surroundings to increase.
– An endothermic process absorbs heat and
makes the surroundings colder.
• Which is endothermic and which is
exothermic?
• Which is endothermic and which is
exothermic?
• Which is endothermic and which is
exothermic?
• Which is endothermic and which is
exothermic?
• Which is endothermic and which is
exothermic?
• Which is endothermic and which is
exothermic?
• Which is endothermic and which is
exothermic?
• Which is endothermic and which is
exothermic?
• Which is endothermic and which is
exothermic?
• Which is endothermic and which is
exothermic?
• Which is endothermic and which is
exothermic?
• Which is endothermic and which is
exothermic?
Energy always constant
Energy always constant
Energy always constant
Reactants
Energy always constant
Reactants
Products
Energy always constant
Reactants
Products
Energy always constant
Reactants
Products
Energy always constant
Heat and Light
Reactants
Products
Energy always constant
Heat and Light
Heat and
Light
Reactants
Products
Energy always constant
Heat and Light
Heat and
Light
Chemical
Energy
Reactants
Products
Energy always constant
Heat and Light
Heat and
Light
Chemical
Energy
Reactants
Products
Energy always constant
Heat and Light
Heat and
Light
Chemical
Energy
Reactants
Products
Energy always constant
Heat and Light
Heat and
Light
Chemical
Energy
Chemical Energy is converted
to heat and Light.
Reactants
Products
Energy always constant
Heat and Light
Heat and
Light
Chemical
Energy
Chemical Energy is converted
to heat and Light. The more
chemical energy the more
heat and light.
Reactants
Products
Energy always constant
Heat and Light
Heat and
Light
Chemical
Energy
Chemical Energy is converted
to heat and Light. The more
chemical energy the more
heat and light. (Constant)
• Activity! Whoosh Bottle
– Search Whoosh Bottle to learn more.
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AS8TDpFP0
OQ
• Activity! Making Elephant Toothpaste.
– Safety goggles and gloves are needed.
• Activity! Making Elephant Toothpaste.
– Safety goggles and gloves are needed.
Demonstration at…
http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemistrydemonstrations/a/
elephanttooth.htm
• Endo and Exothermic Reactions Avaialble
Sheet.
Atoms and Periodic Table Unit Link
• Activity! Endothermic Reaction
– When baking soda mixes with vinegar it’s an
endothermic reaction. The vinegar and baking
soda are changing from their individual molecular
structures to a new molecular structure (Chemical
Change). This molecular change requires energy
(heat) which it absorbs from the surroundings.
– NaHCO3 (aq) + CH3COOH (aq) ----> CO2 (g) + H2O (l) + CH3COONa (aq)
• Activity! Endothermic Reaction
– When baking soda mixes with vinegar it’s an
endothermic reaction. The vinegar and baking
soda are changing from their individual molecular
structures to a new molecular structure (Chemical
Change). This molecular change requires energy
(heat) which it absorbs from the surroundings.
– NaHCO3 (aq) + CH3COOH (aq) ----> CO2 (g) + H2O (l) + CH3COONa (aq)
• Activity! Endothermic Reaction
– When baking soda mixes with vinegar it’s an
endothermic reaction. The vinegar and baking
soda are changing from their individual molecular
structures to a new molecular structure (Chemical
Change). This molecular change requires energy
(heat) which it absorbs from the surroundings.
– NaHCO3 (aq) + CH3COOH (aq) ----> CO2 (g) + H2O (l) + CH3COONa (aq)
• Activity! Endothermic Reaction
– When baking soda mixes with vinegar it’s an
endothermic reaction. The vinegar and baking
soda are changing from their individual molecular
structures to a new molecular structure (Chemical
Change). This molecular change requires energy
(heat) which it absorbs from the surroundings.
– NaHCO3 (aq) + CH3COOH (aq)
• Activity! Endothermic Reaction
– When baking soda mixes with vinegar it’s an
endothermic reaction. The vinegar and baking
soda are changing from their individual molecular
structures to a new molecular structure (Chemical
Change). This molecular change requires energy
(heat) which it absorbs from the surroundings.
– NaHCO3 (aq) + CH3COOH (aq) ---->
• Activity! Endothermic Reaction
– When baking soda mixes with vinegar it’s an
endothermic reaction. The vinegar and baking
soda are changing from their individual molecular
structures to a new molecular structure (Chemical
Change). This molecular change requires energy
(heat) which it absorbs from the surroundings.
– NaHCO3 (aq) + CH3COOH (aq) ----> CO2 (g) + H2O (l) + CH3COONa (aq)
• Activity! Endothermic or Exothermica
Reaction
– Alka-Seltzer in water
Endo and exothermic reactions: Learn more at ….
http://www.kentchemistry.com/links/Matter/En
doExo.htm
• Endo and Exothermic Reactions Avaialble
Sheet.
• Please create the following spreadsheet in your journal.
Time Seconds (H2O)
Temperature (Celsius)
30
60
90
120
Time Seconds (Alka)
30
60
90
120
Temperature (Celsius)
• Procedure
– Fill clear container with 100 ml of water.
– Record temperature of water for 30, 60, 90, 120
seconds in spreadsheet.
– Keep thermometer in container
– Add 2 Alka-Seltzer tablets to the 100 ml of water.
– Record temperature for 30, 60, 90,120 seconds
on spreadsheet.
• Endo and Exothermic Reactions Avaiable
Sheet.
• Please create a line graph of the temperature of
the two in your journal.
– Was the reaction Exothermic or Endothermic?
25
20
15
Alka-Seltzer
Control
10
5
0
30 second intervals
1
2
3
4
• Please create a line graph of the temperature of
the two in your journal.
– Was the reaction Exothermic or Endothermic?
25
20
15
Alka-Seltzer
Control
10
5
0
30 second intervals
1
2
3
4
• Please create a line graph of the temperature of
the two in your journal.
– Was the reaction Exothermic or Endothermic?
25
20
15
Alka-Seltzer
Control
10
5
0
30 second intervals
1
2
3
4
• Endo and Exothermic Reactions Avaialble
Sheet.
• Can you balance the equation for Alka-Seltzer
and water.
___ C6H8O7(aq) + ___NaHCO3(aq)
citric acid +
sodium bicarbonate
→ ___ H2O(l) + ___ CO2(g) + ___Na3C6H5O7(aq)
→
water + carbon dioxide + sodium citrate
• Can you balance the equation for Alka-Seltzer
and water.
___ C6H8O7(aq) + ___NaHCO3(aq)
citric acid +
sodium bicarbonate
→ ___ H2O(l) + ___ CO2(g) + ___Na3C6H5O7(aq)
→
water + carbon dioxide + sodium citrate
• Can you balance the equation for Alka-Seltzer
and water.
___ C6H8O7(aq) + ___NaHCO3(aq)
citric acid +
sodium bicarbonate
→ ___ H2O(l) + ___ CO2(g) + ___Na3C6H5O7(aq)
→
water + carbon dioxide + sodium citrate
• Can you balance the equation for Alka-Seltzer
and water.
___ C6H8O7(aq) + ___NaHCO3(aq)
citric acid +
sodium bicarbonate
→ ___ H2O(l) + ___ CO2(g) + ___Na3C6H5O7(aq)
→
water + carbon dioxide + sodium citrate
• Can you balance the equation for Alka-Seltzer
and water.
___ C6H8O7(aq) + ___NaHCO3(aq)
citric acid +
sodium bicarbonate
→ ___ H2O(l) + ___ CO2(g) + ___Na3C6H5O7(aq)
→
water + carbon dioxide + sodium citrate
• Can you balance the equation for Alka-Seltzer
and water.
___ C6H8O7(aq) + ___NaHCO3(aq)
citric acid +
sodium bicarbonate
→ ___ H2O(l) + ___ CO2(g) + ___Na3C6H5O7(aq)
→
water + carbon dioxide + sodium citrate
• Can you balance the equation for Alka-Seltzer
and water.
___ C6H8O7(aq) + ___NaHCO3(aq)
citric acid +
sodium bicarbonate
→ ___ H2O(l) + ___ CO2(g) + ___Na3C6H5O7(aq)
→
water + carbon dioxide + sodium citrate
• Can you balance the equation for Alka-Seltzer
and water.
___ C6H8O7(aq) + ___NaHCO3(aq)
citric acid +
sodium bicarbonate
→ ___ H2O(l) + ___ CO2(g) + ___Na3C6H5O7(aq)
→
water + carbon dioxide + sodium citrate
• Can you balance the equation for Alka-Seltzer
and water.
___ C6H8O7(aq) + ___NaHCO3(aq)
citric acid +
sodium bicarbonate
→ ___ H2O(l) + ___ CO2(g) + ___Na3C6H5O7(aq)
→
water + carbon dioxide + sodium citrate
• Can you balance the equation for Alka-Seltzer
and water.
___ C6H8O7(aq) + ___NaHCO3(aq)
citric acid +
sodium bicarbonate
→ ___ H2O(l) + ___ CO2(g) + ___Na3C6H5O7(aq)
→
water + carbon dioxide + sodium citrate
• Can you balance the equation for Alka-Seltzer
and water.
___ C6H8O7(aq) + ___NaHCO3(aq)
citric acid +
sodium bicarbonate
→ ___ H2O(l) + ___ CO2(g) + ___Na3C6H5O7(aq)
→
water + carbon dioxide + sodium citrate
• Can you balance the equation for Alka-Seltzer
and water.
___ C6H8O7(aq) + ___NaHCO3(aq)
citric acid +
sodium bicarbonate
→ ___ H2O(l) + ___ CO2(g) + ___Na3C6H5O7(aq)
→
water + carbon dioxide + sodium citrate
Atoms and Periodic Table Unit Link
• Which is endothermic and which is
exothermic?
• Which is endothermic and which is
exothermic?
• Which is endothermic and which is
exothermic?
• Which is endothermic and which is
exothermic?
• Which is endothermic and which is
exothermic?
• Which is endothermic and which is
exothermic?
• Oxidation and Reduction.
– Optional Area of Focus
• Any reaction between an element or
compound and oxygen is known as oxidation.
• Any reaction between an element or
compound and oxygen is known as oxidation.
– The reaction between magnesium metal and
oxygen, for example, involves the oxidation of
magnesium.
• Any reaction between an element or
compound and oxygen is known as oxidation.
– The reaction between magnesium metal and
oxygen, for example, involves the oxidation of
magnesium.
•
2 Mg(s) + O2(g)  2 MgO(s)
• Any reaction between an element or
compound and oxygen is known as oxidation.
– The reaction between magnesium metal and
oxygen, for example, involves the oxidation of
magnesium.
•
2 Mg(s) + O2(g)  2 MgO(s)
• Any reaction between an element or
compound and oxygen is known as oxidation.
– The reaction between magnesium metal and
oxygen, for example, involves the oxidation of
magnesium.
•
2 Mg(s) + O2(g)  2 MgO(s)
• Any reaction between an element or
compound and oxygen is known as oxidation.
– The reaction between magnesium metal and
oxygen, for example, involves the oxidation of
magnesium.
•
2 Mg(s) + O2(g)  2 MgO(s)
• Any reaction between an element or
compound and oxygen is known as oxidation.
– The reaction between magnesium metal and
oxygen, for example, involves the oxidation of
magnesium.
•
2 Mg(s) + O2(g)  2 MgO(s)
• Any reaction between an element or
compound and oxygen is known as oxidation.
– The reaction between magnesium metal and
oxygen, for example, involves the oxidation of
magnesium.
•
2 Mg(s) + O2(g)  2 MgO(s)
Atoms and Periodic Table Unit Link
• What is this?
• What is this?
Oil Rig
Oxidation
Is
Losing Electrons
Reduction
Is
Gaining Electrons
Oil Rig
Oxidation
Is
Losing Electrons
Reduction
Is
Gaining Electrons
Oil Rig
Oxidation
Is
Losing Electrons
Reduction
Is
Gaining Electrons
Oil Rig
Oxidation
Is
Losing Electrons
Reduction
Is
Gaining Electrons
Oil Rig
Oxidation
Is
Losing Electrons
Reduction
Is
Gaining Electrons
Oil Rig
Oxidation
Is
Losing Electrons
Reduction
Is
Gaining Electrons
Oil Rig
Oxidation
Is
Losing Electrons
Reduction
Is
Gaining Electrons
Oil Rig
Oxidation
Is
Losing Electrons
Reduction
Is
Gaining Electrons
“What, gaining electrons
is reduction?” “That
doesn’t make sense.”
•
•
•
•
What’s this? LEO says GER
Losing
Electrons
Oxidation,
• Gaining
• Electrons
• Reduction
•
•
•
•
What’s this? LEO says GER
Losing
Electrons
Oxidation,
• Gaining
• Electrons
• Reduction
•
•
•
•
What’s this? LEO says GER
Losing
Electrons
Oxidation,
• Gaining
• Electrons
• Reduction
•
•
•
•
What’s this? LEO says GER
Losing
Electrons
Oxidation,
• Gaining
• Electrons
• Reduction
•
•
•
•
What’s this? LEO says GER
Losing
Electrons
Oxidation,
• Gaining
• Electrons
• Reduction
•
•
•
•
What’s this? LEO says GER
Losing
Electrons
Oxidation
• Gaining
• Electrons
• Reduction
•
•
•
•
What’s this? LEO says GER
Losing
Electrons
Oxidation
• Gaining
• Electrons
• Reduction
To oxidize an atom or molecule means
you have increased its overall positive
charge.
To oxidize an atom or molecule means
you have increased its overall positive
charge. Removing electrons does this.
To oxidize an atom or molecule means
you have increased its overall positive
charge. Removing electrons does this.
Atoms or molecules that give up
electrons (or become oxidized) are
electron donors.
To oxidize an atom or molecule means
you have increased its overall positive
charge. Removing electrons does this.
Atoms or molecules that give up
electrons (or become oxidized) are
electron donors.
To oxidize an atom or molecule means
you have increased its overall positive
charge. Removing electrons does this.
Atoms or molecules that give up
electrons (or become oxidized) are
electron donors.
To oxidize an atom or molecule means
you have increased its overall positive
charge. Removing electrons does this.
Atoms or molecules that give up
electrons (or become oxidized) are
electron donors.
Atoms or molecules that
take on electrons (or
become reduced) are
called electron acceptors.
Atoms and Periodic Table Unit Link
• Fe2O3 + 3 CO  2 Fe + 3 CO2
• Fe2O3 + 3 CO  2 Fe + 3 CO2
• Fe2O3 + 3 CO  2 Fe + 3 CO2
Oxidation is loss of oxygen.
Oxidation is gain of oxygen.
• Fe2O3 + 3 CO  2 Fe + 3 CO2
Oxidation is loss of oxygen.
Reduction is gain of oxygen.
• Fe2O3 + 3 CO  2 Fe + 3 CO2
Reduction is loss of oxygen.
Oxidation is gain of oxygen.
CO + H2O  CO2 + H2
+2
+1  +4 +0
Oxidation is loss of oxygen.
Reduction is gain of oxygen.
CO + H2O  CO2 + H2
+2
+1  +4 +0
Oxidation is loss of oxygen.
Reduction is gain of oxygen.
CO + H2O  CO2 + H2
+2
+1  +4 +0
Oxidation is loss of oxygen.
Reduction is gain of oxygen.
CO + H2O  CO2 + H2
+2
+1  +4 +0
Oxidation is loss of oxygen.
Reduction is gain of oxygen.
CO + H2O  CO2 + H2
+2
+1  +4 +0
Oxidation is loss of oxygen.
Reduction is gain of oxygen.
Atoms and Periodic Table Unit Link
• Review Game
Areas of Focus within The Atoms and Periodic Table Unit:
Atoms (Atomic Force Microscopes), Rutherford’s Gold Foil Experiment,
Cathode Tube, Atoms, Fundamental Particles, The Nucleus, Isotopes, AMU,
Size of Atoms and Particles, Quarks, Recipe of the Universe, Atomic
Theory, Atomic Symbols, #’;s, Valence Electrons, Octet Rule, SPONCH
Atoms, Molecules, Hydrocarbons (Structure), Alcohols (Structure),
Proteins (Structure), Atomic Bonds, Ionic Bonds, Covalent Bonds, Metallic
Bonds, , Precipitation Reactions, Acids and Bases, Electron Negativity,
Polar Bonds, Chemical Change, Exothermic Reactions, Endothermic
Reactions, Laws Conservation of Matter, Balancing Chemical Equations,
Oxidation and Reduction, Periodic Table of the Elements, Organization of
Periodic Table, Transition Metals, Acids and Bases, Non-Metals, Metals,
Metalloids, Ionization.
Atoms and Periodic Table Unit Link
• This PowerPoint roadmap is one small part of
my Atoms and Periodic Table Unit.
• This unit includes a four part 2000+ slide
PowerPoint roadmap.
• 13 page bundled homework that chronologically
follows slideshow
• 14 pages of unit notes with visuals.
• 4 PowerPoint review games with answers.
• Activity sheets, rubrics, advice page, curriculum
guide, materials list, and much more.
• Atoms and Periodic Table Unit Link
• Please open the welcome / guide document
on each unit preview.
– This document will describe how to utilize these
resources in your classroom and provide some
curriculum possibilities.
Life Science
Curriculum Link
Human Body Systems and Health
Topics Unit
Anatomy Intro, Levels of Biological Organization
Lesson Bundle
Skeletal System Lesson Bundle
Muscular System Lesson Bundle
Anatomy Intro, Skeletal, Muscular System Review
Game
Healthy Eating, Molecules of Life Lesson Bundle
Obesity, Dangers of Fast Food, Eating Disorders
Healthy Eating and Living Review Game
Eating Disorders, Anabolic Steroids
Digestive System Lesson Bundle
Circulatory System and Respiratory System Lesson
Bundle
Anti-Tobacco, Dangers of Smoking Lesson Bundle
Circulatory and Respiratory System Review Game
Excretory System Lesson Bundle
Nervous System Lesson Bundle
Nervous System Review Game
Endocrine System Lesson Bundle, Puberty,
Hormones
Human Reproductive Lesson Bundle, Fertilization
Endocrine and Reproductive System Review Game
Immune System, HIV, AIDS, STD's Lesson Bundle
Immune System, HIV, AIDS, STD's Review Game
Anatomy Crossword Puzzle
DNA and Genetics Unit
DNA Lesson Bundle
DNA Lesson Review Game
DNA Crossword Puzzle
Cell Division, Mitosis and Meiosis Lesson Bundle
Cell Division Review Game
Mitosis and Meiosis Crossword Puzzle
Genetics Lesson Bundle
DNA and Genetics Crossword Puzzle
Genetics Review Game
Cellular Biology Unit
Introduction to Cells, Cell History, Cheek and Onion
Cell Lab, Cell
Theory Lesson Bundle
Cell Review Game
Cell Transport Lesson Bundle, Osmosis, Diffusion,
Active Transport
Cell Transport Review Game
Characteristics of Life Lesson
Cellular Organelles Lesson Bundle
Cellular Organelles Visual Quiz
Cellular Organelles Review Game
Cell Unit Crossword Puzzle
Cell Unit Flash Cards
Cellular Biology Unit Preview, Homework Bundle,
Unit Notes, more
Life Science
Curriculum Link
Infectious Diseases
Unit
Infectious Diseases Unit Intro and
Virus Lesson Bundle
Virus Lesson Review Game
Bacteria Lesson Bundle
Bacteria Review Game
Parasites Lesson Bundle
Immune System, HIV, AIDS, STD's
Lesson Bundle
Infectious Diseases Unit Crossword
Puzzle
Immune System, HIV, AIDS, STD's
Review Game
Evolution and Natural
Selection
Evolution and Natural Selection Lesson Bundle
Evolution and Natural Selection Review Game
Human Evolution Lesson Bundle
Life Origins and Human Evolution Quiz Game
Geologic Timescale, Earth System History
Lesson Bundle
Earth Geologic History Quiz Game
Life Origins and Human Evolution Quiz Game
Life Origins, Miller Urey Experiment Lesson
Bundle
Ecological Succession Lesson Bundle
Ecological Succession Review Game
Taxonomy and Classification Unit
Taxonomy and Classification Lesson Bundle
Taxonomy and Classification Review Game
Bacteria Lesson Bundle
Bacteria Review Game
Kingdom Protista Lesson Bundle
Kingdom Animal Lesson Bundle
Animal Phylums Visual Quiz
Class Mammalia Lesson Bundle
Kingdom Animalia Review Game and Mammalia
Kingdom Fungi Lesson Bundle
Kingdom Fungi Review Game
Kingdom Plantae Lesson Bundle
Botany Unit Review Game
Name the Kingdom, Phylum, Class Visual Challenge
Taxonomy and Classification Crossword Puzzle
Botany Unit
Botany Unit Intro, Non-vascular Plants, Plate
Evolution Lesson Bundle
Student Botany Projects, Grow Study Lesson
Bundle
Botany Unit Review Game
Plants, Seeds, Seed Dispersal Lesson Bundle
Plants Review Game
Plants, Roots, Leaves, Lesson Bundle
Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons Lesson
Bundle
Dendrochronology, Tree Ring Dating Lesson
Bundle
Plant Hormones Lesson Bundle
Botany Unit Crossword Puzzle
Leaf Identification Lesson Bundle
Botany Unit Review Game
Plant Life Cycles, Flowers, Fruits Lesson Bundle
Life Science
Curriculum Link
Ecology Feeding Levels Unit
Ecology Food Chain Lesson Bundle
Biomagnification, Bioaccumulation of Pollution, Food Chain Lesson
Bundle
Ecology Feeding Levels, Pyramid of Biomass, Number Lesson
Bundle
Animal Dentition Lesson Bundle
Ecology Abiotic Factors Unit
Ecology Feeding Levels Unit Review Game
Ecology Non-living Factors, Light
Ecology Feeding Levels Unit Crossword
Lesson Bundle
Food Chain Board Game
Ecology, Non-living Factor
Ecology Interactions Unit
Temperature Lesson Bundle
Ecology Levels of Organization Lesson Bundle
Photosynthesis and Respiration,
Animal Habitats Lesson Bundle
Biogeochemical Cycles Lesson
Food Webs, Predator and Prey Cycles Lesson
Bundle
Bundle
Ecology Non-living Factors Quiz
Biodiversity and Population Sampling Lesson
Game
Bundle
Island Biogeography Lesson Bundle
Animal Competition Lesson Bundle
Nitrogen Cycle Lesson Bundle
Animal Camouflage and Mimicry Lesson Bundle
Phosphorus Cycle and Nutrient
Ecology, Camouflage, Mimicry, Population
Pollution Lesson Bundle
Sampling Review Game
Plant Succession, Fire Ecology,
Symbiosis Lesson Bundle
Lesson Bundle
Invasive Exotic Species Lesson Bundle
Ecological Succession Quiz Game
Ecology Interactions Part III, IV Review Game,
Ecology Flash Cards
Symbiosis, Exotic Species
Ecology Interactions Unit Crossword Puzzle
Physical Science
Curriculum Link
Laws of Motion and Simple
Machines Unit
Newton's Three Laws of Motion
Newton's Laws of Motion Review Game
Friction Lesson, Types of Friction
Kinetic and Potential Energy Lesson
Newton's Laws and Forces in Motion
Forces in Motion Review Game
Catapults and Trajectory Lesson
Simple Machines Lesson
Simple Machines Review Game
Laws of Motion and Simple Machines Unit
Flashcards
Laws of Motion and Simple Machines Crossword
Puzzle
Laws of Motion, Forces in Motion, Simple
Machines Unit Preview, Homework, Notes
Science Skills Unit
Lab Safety Lesson Bundle
Microscopes and Magnification Lesson Bundle
Metric System / SI Lesson Bundle
Scientific Notation Lesson Bundle
Volume and Density Lesson Bundle
Scientific Method, Observation Skills Lesson
Bundle
Science Skills Unit Flash Cards
Science Skills Unit Crossword Puzzle
Science Skills Unit Review Game
Science Skills Unit Preview, Homework
Bundle, Notes
Atoms and the Periodic Table of the
Elements Unit
Atoms, Atomic Number, Atomic Mass, Isotopes Lesson Bundle
Inside the Atom Lesson Bundle
Atoms Review Game
Atomic Theory, Electrons, Orbitals, Molecules Lesson Bundle
Atoms, Atomic Theory, Electrons, Orbitals, Molecules Review Game
Atomic Bonding, Balancing Chemical Equations, Reactions, Lesson
Bundle
Atomic Bonding, Reactions, Equations Quiz Game
Atoms and the Periodic Table Crossword Puzzle and Solution
Atoms and Periodic Table Unit Preview, Homework Bundle, Unit
Notes
Periodic Table of the Elements Unit Lesson Bundle
Periodic Table of the Elements Review Game
Matter, Energy, and the
Environment Unit
States of Matter, Physical Change, Chemical Change
States of Matter, Physical Change, Chemical Change
Review Game
Gas Laws Introductory Lesson Bundle
Gas Laws Review Game
Viscosity Lesson Bundle
Forms of Energy Lesson Bundle
Heat Transfer, Convection, Conduction, Radiation Lesson
Bundle
Electromagnetic Spectrum Lesson Bundle
Forms of Energy, Particles, Waves, EM Spectrum Review
Game
Electromagnetic Spectrum Visual Quiz
Electricity and Magnetism Lesson Bundle
Electricity and Magnetism Review Game
Matter and Energy Crossword Puzzle and Solution
Matter, Energy, and the Environment Unit Preview,
Homework Bundle, Notes
Environment Unit Bundle
Environment Unit Bundle Review Game
Earth Science
Curriculum Link
Geology Topics Unit
Plate Tectonics, Continental Drift, Earth's
Core,
Plate Boundaries Lesson Bundle
Dynamic Earth Review Game
Plate Boundaries Visual Quiz
Volcanoes Lesson Bundle
Types of Volcanoes
Volcanoes Review Game
Earthquakes Lesson Bundle
Earthquakes Review Game
Rock Deformation, Compression, Tension,
Shearing
Minerals Lesson Bundle
Minerals Review Game
Rock or Mineral PowerPoint Quiz
Rocks and Minerals Lesson Bundle
Rocks and Minerals Flash Cards
Types of Rocks Visual Quiz
Rocks and the Rock Cycle Lesson Bundle
Rocks and Rock Cycle Review Game
Geologic Timescale, Earth System History
Lesson Bundle
Earth Geologic History Quiz Game
Geology Unit Crossword Puzzle
Geology Unit Preview, Bundled Homework,
Unit Notes
Astronomy Topics Unit
Solar System and Sun Lesson Bundle
Sun Lesson Bundle
Solar System and Sun Review Game
Solar and Lunar Eclipse Lesson Bundle
Inner Planets Lesson Bundle
Inner Planets Review Game
Moon, Phases of the Moon, Tides, Seasons,
Lesson Bundle
Rocketry Lesson Bundle
Asteroid Belt, Meteors, Torino Scale Lesson
Bundle
Asteroid Belt and Rocketry Review Game
Mission to the Moon, Apollo Lesson
Outer Planets Lesson Bundle
Outer Planets Review Game
Beyond the Solar System Lesson Bundle
Beyond the Solar System, Galaxies, Black
Holes, Constellations Review Game
Galaxy Lesson, Hubble Exploration
Astronomy Unit Crossword Puzzle
Astronomy Unit in Spanish
Earth Science
Curriculum Link
Weathering, Soil Science, Soil
Conservation, Ice Ages, Glaciers
Unit
Mechanical and Chemical
Weathering Lesson Bundle
Mechanical and Chemical
Weathering Review Game
Soil Science Lesson Bundle
Erosion, Soil Conservation Lesson
Bundle
Soil Science, Erosion, Soil
Conservation Review Game
Weathering, Soil Science Unit Flash
Cards
Weathering and Soil Science
Crossword Puzzle
Ice Ages and Glaciers Lesson
Bundle
Ice Ages and Glaciers Review Game
Ice Ages and Glaciers Crossword
Puzzle
Ice Ages, Glaciers Unit Flash Cards
Weathering, Soil Science, Soil
Conservation, Ice Ages, Glaciers
Weather and Climate Unit
Atmosphere Lesson Bundle
Ozone Layer, Air Pollution, Skin
Cancer
Atmosphere, Layers of the
Atmosphere, Pollution Quiz Game
Air Pressure and Winds Lesson
Bundle
Severe Weather Lesson Bundle,
Hurricanes, Tornado, Blizzards
Seasons Lesson Bundle, Axial Tilt
Weather, Wind, Seasons, Quiz Game
Winds, Global Winds, Wind Chill
Lesson Bundle
Oceans and Weather, Water Cycle,
Clouds Lesson Bundle
Water Cycle and Clouds Lesson
Bundle
Earth Science
Curriculum Link
Rivers, Lakes, and
Water Quality Unit
Rivers and Watershed Lesson Bundle
Flooding Lesson Bundle
Benthic Macroinvertebrate Lesson Bundle
Lake Turnover Lesson Bundle
Salmon Lesson Bundle
Fish Lesson, Fashion a Fish, Lesson Bundle
Rivers, Lakes, and Water Quality Unit Review Game
Rivers, Lakes, and Water Quality Crossword Puzzle
Rivers, Lakes, and Water Quality Unit Preview, Homework Bundle,
Unit Notes
Water Molecule Unit
Water Use, Water on Earth, Water Conservation Lesson Bundle
Groundwater, Groundwater Pollution Lesson Bundle
Properties of Water Lesson Bundle
Water Cycle Lesson Bundle
Water Unit Review Game
Water Unit Preview, Homework Package, Unit Notes, more
• Please visit the links below to learn more
about each of the units in this curriculum and
to see previews of each unit.
– These units take me four busy years to complete
with my students in grades 5-10.
Earth Science Units
Extended Tour Link and Curriculum Guide
Geology Topics Unit
http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Geology_Unit.html
Astronomy Topics Unit
http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Astronomy_Unit.html
Weather and Climate Unit
http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Weather_Climate_Unit.html
Soil Science, Weathering, More
http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Soil_and_Glaciers_Unit.html
Water Unit
http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Water_Molecule_Unit.html
Rivers Unit
http://sciencepowerpoint.com/River_and_Water_Quality_Unit.html
= Easier
5th – 7th grade
= More Difficult
6th – 8th grade
= Most Difficult
8th – 10th grade
Physical Science Units
Extended Tour Link and Curriculum Guide
Science Skills Unit
http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Science_Introduction_Lab_Safety_Metric_Methods.
html
Motion and Machines Unit
http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Newtons_Laws_Motion_Machines_Unit.html
Matter, Energy, Envs. Unit
http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Energy_Topics_Unit.html
Atoms and Periodic Table Unit
http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Atoms_Periodic_Table_of_Elements_Unit.html
Life Science Units
Extended Tour Link and Curriculum Guide
Human Body / Health Topics
http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Human_Body_Systems_and_Health_Topics_Unit.html
DNA and Genetics Unit
http://sciencepowerpoint.com/DNA_Genetics_Unit.html
Cell Biology Unit
http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Cellular_Biology_Unit.html
Infectious Diseases Unit
http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Infectious_Diseases_Unit.html
Taxonomy and Classification Unit
http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Taxonomy_Classification_Unit.html
Evolution / Natural Selection Unit
http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Evolution_Natural_Selection_Unit.html
Botany Topics Unit
http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Plant_Botany_Unit.html
Ecology Feeding Levels Unit
http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Ecology_Feeding_Levels_Unit.htm
Ecology Interactions Unit
http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Ecology_Interactions_Unit.html
Ecology Abiotic Factors Unit
http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Ecology_Abiotic_Factors_Unit.html
• Thank you for your time and interest in this
curriculum tour. Please visit the welcome / guide on
how a unit works and please link to the many unit
previews to see the PowerPoint slideshows, bundled
homework, review games, unit notes, and much
more. Thank you for your interest and feel free to
contact me with any questions you may have. Best
wishes.
• Sincerely,
• Ryan Murphy M.Ed
• www.sciencepowerpoint@gmail.com