Y-Comm: A new architecture
for heterogeneous networking
Glenford Mapp
Principal Lecturer, Middlesex University
&
Visiting Research Fellow
Computer Lab, University of Cambridge
Outline
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Motivation – defining the problem
Our approach – looking at a solution
Y-Comm – a new architecture
The Peripheral Framework
The Core Framework
Security in Y-Comm
Research Collaboration
Questions
Network Evolution
• The proliferation of wireless systems at the
edge of the Internet and the use of fast
switching in the core.
• Core of the network
– Super-fast backbone (optical switching, etc)
– Fast access networks (MPLS, ATM)
• Peripheral Wireless Networks
– Errors due to fading, etc; not just congestion
– Handover
Handover is a serious operation
• Handover
– Requires co-operation between the Mobile
Node and the Network
– A source of performance degradation
• Needs to be carefully handled to be successful
• Handover Types
– Horizontal handover – studied extensively
– Vertical Handover – needs to be investigated
in order to support heterogeneous networking
Key Components of Vertical
Handover
• Handover mechanisms
• How to do vertical handover with minimal
disruption
• Policy management
• Deciding when and where to do a vertical
handover
• Input triggers, states and events
• How to get the data the system needs to make a
decision on whether to do a handover
Cambridge Wireless Testbed
• Built in 2003 to study vertical handover
– By Leo Patanapongpibul and Pablo Vidales
• Used an experimental 3G/GPRS network
developed by Vodafone
• Used MIPv6 – connected to 6Bone
• 2 802.11b networks and an IPv6 wired
network
• Various end devices
– Fixed machines, laptops and iPAQs
Equipment and Goals
• Client-based solution for
horizontal handovers
• MIPv6 performance during
vertical handovers
• Improvements to vertical
handover latency
• Policy-based solution to
provide mobility support
• Policy-based solution to
support multiple interfaces
• QoS-based vertical mobility
• Context-aware algorithms
Mobile Node
Home Agent
Access Router to live
Vodafone GPRS network
Correspondent
Node
Other MNs
Cambridge Wireless Testbed
Testbed Monitor
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Key Publications : available from
http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/Research/DTG/publications
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L. Patanapongpibul, G .Mapp, A. Hopper, An End System Approach to
Mobility Management for 4G Networks and its Application to ThinClient Computing, ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and
Communications Review, ACM July 2006
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P. Vidales, J. Baliosian, J. Serrat, G. Mapp, F. Stajano, A. Hopper,
Autonomic Systems for Mobility Support in 4G Networks. Journal on
Selected Areas in Communications (J-SAC), Special Issue in
Autonomic Communications (4th Quarter), December 2005.
D.Cottingham and P. Vidales, Is Latency the Real Enemy of Next
Generation Networks, First International Workshop on Convergence
of Heterogeneous Networks, July 2005
P. Vidales, R. Chakravorty, C. Policroniades, PROTON: A Policybased Solution for Future 4G devices. 5th. IEEE International
Workshop on Policies for Distributed Systems and Networks (IEEE
POLICY 2004), June 2004
L. B. Patanapongpibul, G. Mapp, A Client-based Handoff Mechanism
for Mobile IPv6 Wireless Networks. 8th IEEE Symposium on
Computers and Communications (ISCC), IEEE Computer Society
Press, June 2003.
A Complete System for
Heterogeneous Networking
• In order to build a complete system that
– Does seamless vertical handover
– Is extensible – seamlessly adds new technology
– Is easy to develop new applications
• Requires a lot of work
– Can’t do this from scratch
– Need to also look at what other people are doing
• Ambient networks, etc
• IEEE 802.21, etc
A New Framework is needed
• Why?
– Need to consider a lot of issues
• Issues not covered by present reference models
such as the OSI model
– A way to think about building a complete
system
– Bring together different research efforts
The OSI Model
APPLICATION LAYER
APPLICATION LAYER
PRESENTATION LAYER
PRESENTATION LAYER
SESSION LAYER
SESSION LAYER
TRANSPORT LAYER
TRANSPORT LAYER
NETWORK LAYER
NETWORK LAYER
NETWORK LAYER
DATA LINK LAYER
DATA LINK LAYER
DATA LINK LAYER
PHYSICAL LAYER
PHYSICAL LAYER
PHYSICAL LAYER
ENDPOINT
NETWORK
ENDPOINT
Specifying the New Framework
• Layered approach of the OSI model
– Encase functionality in terms of layers
– Can give a good hierarchical but modular
model
– We know that the layered approach has its
problems
• This is a reference not an implementation
specification – so it is possible to squash layers
together when implementing a real system
• Need to be flexible
We Need Two Not One!
• A framework for the Peripheral network
– Represented by software running on the
mobile node, supports:
• Applications, QoS, Vertical Handover, support for
several interfaces
• A framework for the Core network
– Represented by software running in the core
network, supports
• Programmable infrastructure, network
management, QoS, Service Platform
The Y-Comm Framework
PERIPHERAL NETWORK
APPLICATION ENVIRONMENTS
QOS LAYER
END SYSTEM TRANSPORT
POLICY MANAGEMENT
VERTICAL HANDOVER
NETWORK ABSTRACTION
(MOBILE NODE)
HARDWARE PLATFORM
(MOBILE NODE)
CORE NETWORK
SERVICE PLATFORM
NETWORK QOS LAYER
CORE TRANSPORT
NETWORK MANAGEMENT
(RE)CONFIGURATION LAYER
NETWORK ABSTRACTION
(BASE STATION)
HARDWARE PLATFORM
(BASE STATION)
The Peripheral Framework
APPLICATION ENVIRONMENTS LAYER
QOS LAYER
END TRANSPORT SYSTEM
POLICY MANAGEMENT LAYER
VERTICAL HANDOVER LAYER
NETWORK ABSTRACTION LAYER
HARDWARE PLATFORM LAYER
Layer 1: Hardware Platform Layer
• Hardware Platform Layer
– Defines the physical requirements for a
particular wired or wireless technology
– Expanded physical layer
• Includes electromagnetic spectrum
• Modulation and channel reservation algorithms
– Incompatibility issues
• Two technologies may be incompatible and cannot
be used simultaneously
Hardware Platform Layer Represented as Vertical
Components
3G
WLAN
802.11
WiMax
802.16
UltraWideBand
But all this is about to change!
• Need to make more efficient use of the
electromagnetic spectrum
• Cognitive Radio
– A radio that is aware of and can sense its
environment, learn from its environment, and
adjust its operation according to some
objective function
Cognitive Radio (CR)
• Technology
– Software Defined Radio (SDR)
• Wide spectrum receiver
• Do the processing in real-time
– Intelligent Signal Processing (ISP)
• Allows it to detect interference and move to another part of
the spectrum
– Ideal cognitive Radio – Mitola Radio > 2030
• Mitola radio uses CR as the physical layer of a
communications model
• That’s why CR is part of Y-Comm
Cognitive Radio
SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT
3G
WLAN
WiMax
UltrawideBand
INTELLIGENT SIGNAL PROCESSING
SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO
WIDE SPECTRUM REECIVER
Layer 2: Network Abstraction layer
• Network abstraction Layer
– An abstraction that allows us to define, control
and manage any wireless network on a
mobile host
– Key issues: data path functions; data formats
(Link-layer), turning features on and off
– Need to generate L2 triggers when a new
network is detected or when an old network is
no longer detectable
• Build on 802.21
802.21 Overview
802.21: Key Services
Applications (VoIP/RTP)
Link Layer
Triggers
Handover
Connection
Management
State Change
Handover Management Predictive
Network
Mobility Management
ProtocolsInitiated
IETF
Policy
Smart
Triggers
Handover
Messages
Information
Service
IEEE 802.21
802.21 MIH Function
Handover Commands
L2 Triggers
and Events
WLAN
Network Information
Available Networks
Neighbor Maps
Network Services
Client Initiated
Network Initiated
Vertical Handovers
Handover
Messages
Information
Service
Cellular
WMAN
Protocol and Device Hardware
802.21 uses multiple services to Optimize
Vertical Handovers
Layer 3: Vertical Handover Layer
• Layers that define the mechanism for
vertical handover.
• Support for different types
– Network-based
– Client-based
Client-Based Handover
• More scalable for heterogeneous networks
– Mobile node can monitor the status of all its
network interfaces via the network abstraction
layer
– Can take into account other factors such as
the state of TCP connections
• Don’t want to do a handover during the start and
termination of TCP connections
Layer 4: Policy Management layer
• Decides if, when and where vertical
handover should occur.
• Different types:
– Reactive
• Depends on L2 events that inform the mobile node
when it is entering or leaving a network.
– Proactive
• The mobile node can know or estimate the network
state at a given point before it arrives at that point
Reactive Policy: PROTON
HIGHER LAYERS
Interface Information
L2 Triggers
INPUT/OUTPUT LAYER
POLICY LAYER (PONDER)
HANDOVER EXECUTION LAYER
WLAN
GPRS
LAN
Layer 4: Proactive Policies
• Proactive Policy Management
– The mobile node can know or estimate the network
state at a given point before it arrives at that point
– Proactive Policies allow us to maximize the use of
available channels provided you know the amount of
time a channel will be available.
– That time is known as:
• Time before vertical handover (TBVH)
• Can significantly reduce packet loss during all vertical
handovers
Layer 4: Proactive policies
• Proactive policies can themselves be
divided into 2 types
• Proactive knowledge-based systems
– Knowledge of which local wireless networks
are operating at a given location and their
strengths at that point
– We also need a system to maintain the
integrity, accessibility and security of that data
Proactive Policies
• Knowledge-based approach
• Gather a database of the field strengths
for each network around Cambridge
• Need to maintain the database and also
know how the results might be affected by
seasonal effects
Knowledge-Based Policy
Management (Cambridge)
Proactive Policies – Modelling
Approach (Middlesex)
• Using a simple mathematical model
• Define a radius at which handover should
occur
• Find out how much time I have before I hit
that circle, given my velocity and direction
• Calculate TBVH
• Used simulation (OPNET)
• Can be used in the real world as well as in
simulation
Predictive Mathematical Model for TBVH
(Simple Case)
Movement of MS under BBS coverage (upward vertical
handoff)
•
Introduction of additional
functionality to Base Station at
network boundary (BBS).
•
Distance between MS and BBS
derived from location
co-ordinates or
RSS dB  10 log( l )
•
Estimated TBVH
r 2  d 2 sin 2 x  d cos x
TBVH 
v
BBS
r
d x
z
MS
Simulation and Results
TBVH simulation in OPNET Modeler:
Layer 5: End User Transport System
• Specifies how data is routed to individual hosts
and transport protocols for error correction,
reliability and Quality-of-Service requirements
– Encompasses Layer 3 and Layer 4 in the OSI model
• Different approaches
– Keep the same protocols as in the core network
– Keep TCP/IP, but modify TCP
– Don’t modify TCP but try to get it to respond more
quickly to network outages
– Try a completely new protocol suite
Layer 5: Continued
• Keep TCP/IP Unmodified
– Leads to sub-optimum performance.
• TCP assumes packet loss is only due to
congestion and goes into slow start.
– Work on the Cambridge Testbed indicates to
the slow adaptation rate of TCP after vertical
handover is a cause for concern
• Need to fit the TCP protocol engine with triggers
Layer 5: Slow Adaptation of TCP After
LAN->GPRS Handover
Layer 5: Continued
• Keep TCP/IP but modify TCP
– I-TCP, M-TCP
– TCP Extensions for Immediate
Retransmissions (Internet Draft)
• Don’t modify TCP but build mechanisms
so that it could respond more quickly to
media outages
– Smart Link Layer (Scott and Mapp 2003)
Layer 5: The case for a new
transport Infrastructure
• A new transport system could be more
suited for wireless networking
• Do all machines have to have an IP
address to use the Internet?
• No.. Look at Network Address Translation (NAT)
• Translation is done between a private address and
port to a global address and port at the NAT server
Layer 5: Continued
• A global IP address in the case of NAT is
really being used as an endpoint in the
core network
• So we can use another network scheme in
the peripheral network once we can
specify how we map it to TCP/IP or
UDP/IP in the core network
Layer 5: Application Conformance
• You don’t want to recompile all your
applications for this new framework
• Concept of a TCP protocol interface
– Key idea is that TCP becomes an interface so
that the TCP engine forms an overlay above
the actual protocol running in the network. So
the application thinks it’s running TCP/IP but
there is another protocol “under the hood”.
Layer 5: TCP as a Protocol Interface in
Peripheral Networks but a real protocol in the
Core Network
APPLICATION
APPLICATION
Core Network
TCP Overlay
Local
protocol
Peripheral Network
TCP Overlay
TCP/IP
Local
protocol
Core Network
Peripheral Network
Layer 6: QoS Layer
• QoS is the most dynamically changing
component in heterogeneous networking
• Applications running on heterogeneous
devices need support to handle this
• Two Concepts of QoS
– Downward QoS
– Upward QoS
Layer 6: Downward QoS
• Mainly to support legacy applications
• The application specifies a minimum QoS
and the QoS layer does the mapping
between the QoS that the application
requires and the QoS that is currently
available - but is dynamically changing
Layer 6: Upward QoS
• For applications that should adapt to
changes in QoS, e.g. Multimedia services,
etc
– The QoS layer therefore signals the
application using an event mechanism to
indicate changes in the available QoS
– Applications can specify routines that will be
called when the events occur
• Similar to the X Window System
QoS Layer
DOWNWARD QOS
UPWARD QOS
APPLICATION LAYER
APPLICATION LAYER
QOS LAYER
QOS LAYER
END TRANSPORT LAYER
END TRANSPORT LAYER
POLICY MANAGEMENT LAYER
POLICY MANAGEMENT LAYER
Layer 7: Application Environment
Layer
• Allows users to build applications using
this framework
• Keen on using the Toolkit approach which
allows us to build different application
environments for different situations
– e.g. an application environment for highly
mobile video applications, etc.
Layer 7: Toolkit Approach
Application Environment 1
High-Mobile, Multimedia
Vehicular Applications
FRAMEWORK OBJECTS
PROACTIVE
Handover
Unreliable Transport
Upward QoS
Location Services
(GPS)
Reliable Transport
REACTIVE
Handover
Downward QoS
Application Environment 2
Touring Applications; Web access
via cheap mobile phone
The Y-Comm Framework
Half-way there!
Let’s stop for questions
PERIPHERAL NETWORK
APPLICATION ENVIRONMENTS
QOS LAYER
END SYSTEM TRANSPORT
POLICY MANAGEMENT
VERTICAL HANDOVER
NETWORK ABSTRACTION
(MOBILE NODE)
HARDWARE PLATFORM
(MOBILE NODE)
CORE NETWORK
SERVICE PLATFORM
NETWORK QOS LAYER
CORE TRANSPORT
NETWORK MANAGEMENT
(RE)CONFIGURATION LAYER
NETWORK ABSTRACTION
(BASE STATION)
HARDWARE PLATFORM
(BASE STATION)
Do we really need the Core
Framework?
• Yes
– To support the Peripheral networks you need
to change
• For client-based handover we need to have access
to network resources
– Need a more open architecture
– But we also need an open architecture for
other reasons
Open Management Needed
• More diversified networks needed
– Present mobile networks are built on a national or
international level: • just like the old state-owned telecom companies
– such as BT
• Difficult to really produce more tailored networks such as
regional networks or city-wide networks
– Spectrum management
• Spectrum sold nationally to an operator who ran a service
– Not interested in small or regional networks
• Reversal in spectrum allocation
– Now Ofcom is willing to allow more unlicensed bands
RFEye from CRFS Cambridge
Ofcom will be able to monitor
The use of spectrum in real-time
Used to be expensive but new
technology from a company called
CRFS will make these units cheap.
RFEye
Develop a database of spectrum use
http://www.crfs.co.uk/product.html
Open Management Needed
• So the question is who is really making
money from mobile systems at the
moment??
• The answer:
– Very few people
• Vodafone, T-Mobile
– Spent loads of money on spectrum, they need to grow
bigger to recoup the money spent
• These companies are highly vertical institutions
– Same company does hardware, manage the network and
also run or tailor most applications
Open Management Needed
• More niche players
• Let different players provide different
components of the network but everyone
needs to agree on a new framework and
related standards
• Compare this to what happened with the
PC industry
Open Management Needed
• 1960’s – 1980’s
– Main Frame or Minicomputer
– Dominated by IBM and DEC
• 1978
– Altair the first micro-processor
• Bill Gates and Paul Allen wrote Basic compiler
• 1982
– The IBM PC released and that changed the
world
Why did the IBM PC changed the
world
• It allowed third parties to get involved and
therefore allowing a mature industry to develop
with many niche/specialist players
– Visicalc, Eudora, etc
• Because of DOS
– A broken but open operating system
• But it was the standard
– Allowed new people to write applications
– You didn’t have to be IBM or DEC
– Also made PC affordable
• The same thing has to happen in the Mobile
Industry
Three recent developments
• Open Handset Alliance (OHA)
– Founded by Google with 34 founding members
• Google contributing Android
– An operating system based on Linux
• First GPhone about to be released
• Verizon – a large Telco
– Allow third party devices onto their network
• FCC
– Moving towards a device-agnostic spectrum policy
– So third party devices would become the norm
The Core Framework
SERVICE PLATFORM LAYER
NETWORK QOS LAYER
NETWORK TRANSPORT SYSTEM
NETWORK MANAGEMENT LAYER
(RE)CONFIGURATION LAYER
NETWORK ABSTRACTION LAYER
HARDWARE PLATFORM LAYER
Hardware Platform Layer Represented as Vertical
Components – separate base stations
3G
WLAN
802.11
WiMax
802.16
UltraWideBand
Cognitive Radio will change this as
it will all be done in the same box
SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT
3G
WLAN
WiMax
UltrawideBand
INTELLIGENT SIGNAL PROCESSING
SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO
RFEye -> unified base-station
WIDE SPECTRUM REECIVER
Network Abstraction Layer
• Again similar to Peripheral Network
– Abstraction that abstracts a number of
different wireless technologies
– Also includes base-station controller functions
• Extension of 802.21
– Exportable interface so that the base-station
can be remotely controlled
– Monitoring and reporting functions
(Re)configurable Layer
• Controls core infrastructure including
routers and switches
– Programmable hardware
• Routelets and Switchlets
• Already used internally in network equipment but
not exported to external systems especially enddevices
• The concept of the programmable network
hardware began with XBind
– From the Comet Group led by Aurel Lazar (Columbia
University, New York)
Xbind
• So the big idea of Xbind is that we could use it
as a kernel and virtualize network infrastructure
through the broadband Kernel
• Layers of XBind
–
–
–
–
–
Applications (WWW Server)
Services (e.g. Multimedia services – video conf)
Broadband Kernel – Management Plane
Binding Interface – Abstraction of real Hardware
Real Hardware
XBind – The Layers
APPLICATIONS
Multimedia Web Services
MULTIMEDIA SERVICES
Video Conf Manager
BROADBAND KERNEL (High Level Abstraction and Service)
Device Management, Connection Manager, Router
Binding Interface Base (BIB)
Virtual Switch, Virtual Link, Camera device driver, Display device driver
Hardware (Real Devices and Real Network)
Camera, Computers, Links, Adapters, Displays
Extension of Key X-Bind Ideas
• Since we can control the hardware
virtually using software, the hardware and
the software need not be in the same box
– Make the hardware box only understand the
interface
– Talk to the box over a serial link using a
computer
– Control software runs on the computer
X-BIND: The extensions
MANAGEMENT
CONTROL OF CONNECTIONS
SERIAL LINE
RAW ATM SWITCH
VCI OPERATION
OpenArch and OpenSig
• You need a management protocol to
manage the switch
• You also need a signalling protocol
– You need to agree on the format of the
commands that go across your serial line
• Two forums were established to do this
– OpenArch – management plane
– OpenSig – for signalling
Why do we need it now?
• We have never had open interfaces for
mobile systems
– Base-stations, BSC, MSC, etc
• Because we need resources to do vertical
handover, especially for client-based
handover
• We have to get those resources from the
network
– Channels on base-stations, QoS, etc
Vertical Handover
GPS
Location,
Speed, direction
Connections
(QoS) TBVH
New QoS
New IP
Polling
CORE NETWORK
Done
POLICY MANAGEMENT LAYER
DECISION HANDOVER
(BASE-STATION, 3G, QOS, TBVH)
NETWORK MANAGEMENT LAYER
Send to Mobile
TOPOLOGY, RESOURCES, QoS
DO IT
VERTICAL HANDOVER LAYER
RECONFIGURABLE LAYER
ACQUIRE CHANNEL
ACQUIRE RESOURCES
(3G, BASE-STATION, QOS)
( 3GCHAN, BASE-STATION, QOS)
DO IT
NETWORK ABSTRACTION LAYER
NETWORK ABSTRACTION LAYER
BASE-STATION
CHANNEL ACQUIRED
DATA CHANNNEL = 3G
3G=ACTIVE WLAN=PASSIVE WiMAX= PASSIVE
L2 events
Media Info
3G
WLAN
WiMax
3G
WLAN
WiMax
Handover is complicated
HANDOVER
ALTERNATIVE
IMPERATIVE
NETPREF
REACTIVE
UNANTICIPATED
PROACTIVE
ANTICIPATED
KNOWLEDGE-BASED
MODEL-BASED
SERVICES
USERPREF CONTEXT
Need an Ontology for Vertical
Handover
• Helps us to structure the information so
that the system could reason and take
decisions
– ICMC, USP – strong in this area
– Edson Moreira, Renata Vanni and others
– Reason for my recent visit to Brazil in summer
2008
The Network Management Layer
• Defines and controls several networks
• Each network is controlled by a network
operator
• Support for network virtualization and
partitioning
– Several networks managed by different
network operators but on the same extended
hardware platform
• Will facilitate regional or city-wide operators
Network Management
What we want
• Networks to be managed in a flexible way
• An interface that defines and manages an
entire network in terms of programmable
components, including switchlets,
routelets, etc.
– i.e. network virtualization
• using software abstraction to control the network
• Create new networks (spawning)
• Merge and partition networks
NETWORK MANAGEMENT
Network Topologies
Network Resources
HIGH-LEVEL FUNCTIONS
CREATE MODIFY MERGE JOIN
NETWORK 1
Network
Components
NETWORK 2
NETWORK 3
NETWORK 4
(RE)CONFIGURATION LAYER
Core Transport System
• Concerned about moving data between
points in the core network
• TCP/IP is the Transport and Network
protocols for the Internet
• Migration of IPv4 to IPv6
– Important for the new framework
– Need enhancements
• Easier mechanisms to support security
– VPNs, Tunnelling, etc
Core Transport in Y-Comm
PERIPHERAL
WIRELESS
NETWORK
CORE NETWORK
QoS, Secure Connection
PERIPHERAL
WIRELESS
NETWORK
Core Endpoints
In Access Network
Core Transport: Making
Connections between Core
Endpoints
Make connection
Between Wireless
Networks
CORE TRANSPORT LAYER
ENDP1, ENDP2, QoS Routing, Security
NETWORK MANAGEMENT LAYER
Network QoS Layer
• Most of the QoS issues are now in the
Peripheral Network
• Current End-to End QoS models
– IntServ
• Largely abandoned
– DiffServ
• Slow deployment
• Need to explore network QoS models
– Negotiation structure between Core Network and
Peripheral Networks
Enhance QoS Functionality
Negotiating with
Peripheral Networks
CORE NETWORK QOS
ENDPT1
ENDPT2
ENDPT3
PER FLOW (IntServ), PER CLASS (Diffserv)
Service Platform
• Services developed by third parties
• Should be able to configure services on
several networks at the same time
• Support for installing services for specific
types of networks
– London travel service available to networks
around London
SERVICE PLATFORM LAYER
• Installation
– Install over many networks simultaneously
– Specifying QoS (minimum SLA)
• Server Advertisement and Subscription
• Session management
– Interaction between server and application running on
the mobile node
• Supporting Mobility
– How is QoS maintained even though the mobile is
moving
• Server replication, proxy server support
Service Platform and Core Network
Server Advertisement
Subscription
Applications
SERVICE PLATFORM LAYER
Negotiating with
Peripheral Networks
SLA1
SLA2
ENDPT1
CORE NETWORK QOS
ENDPT2
SLA3
ENDPT3
SLA 4
…….
PER FLOW (IntServ), PER CLASS (Diffserv)
Need to Address Security
• Cannot be a separate Layer in the
architecture as there are different kinds of
security issues
• Y-Comm defines a 4-layer security
architecture
• Comprehensive Design
– Security system is integrated into the structure
of Y-Comm
Security in Y-Comm
• Network Architecture Security (NAS)
• Security dealing with the deployment and management of
different wireless technology
• Managed from the Policy and Management layers
• Network Transport Security (NTS)
– Security dealing with end-to-end transport through Y-Comm
• Done at Layer 5, NAT, IPSec, etc
• QoS Based Security (QBS)
– Look at QoS Issues
• Looks at SLAs, prevents overloading
• Looks at Denial of Service Attacks
• Service and Application Security (SAS)
– Security dealing with running applications and
deploying services
• AAAC, ACLs, User-based security
The Y-Comm Framework showing its Security
Levels- New Security Level
CORE NETWORK
PERIPHERAL NETWORK
APPLICATION ENVIRONMENTS
QOS LAYER
END SYSTEM TRANSPORT
POLICY MANAGEMENT
SAS
QBS
NTS
NAS
SERVICE PLATFORM
NETWORK QOS LAYER
CORE TRANSPORT
NETWORK MANAGEMENT
VERTICAL HANDOVER
(RE)CONFIGURATION LAYER
NETWORK ABSTRACTION
(MOBILE NODE)
NETWORK ABSTRACTION
(BASE STATION)
HARDWARE PLATFORM
(MOBILE NODE)
HARDWARE PLATFORM
(BASE STATION)
Research Collaboration
• Y-Comm is really too big to be done by
one person or one group
• Building a global research network to
study Y-Comm
• Not trying to implement everything
– Using the effort and experience of others
– A number of IEEE Working Groups
• 802.21, 802.22
Group so far..
• University of Cambridge
• Proactive knowledge- based policy mechanisms for handover
(David Cottingham)
• Network issues around changing IP (Jon Crowcroft)
• QoS-aware middleware services (Aisha El-safty)
• Middlesex University
• Mathematical modelling of vertical handover (TBVH) and the
Stream Bundle Layer for Downward QoS (Fatema Shaikh)
• Transport protocol and network architecture issues in
Peripheral networks (Glenford Mapp)
Group so far
• University of Sao Paulo (ICMC San Carlos)
• Ontological services for vertical handover
• SoHand Middleware (Edson Moreira and Renata Vanni)
• University of Trinidad and Tobago (UTT)
• Service platform for Y-Comm (Wayne Butcher)
• Loughborough University
• Security Framework in Y-Comm (Raphael Phan)
• Dartmouth College (USA)
• Intelligent Physical Spaces(Andrew Campbell)
• St Andrews University?
Lots of Interaction
• Y-Comm Forum Day
– 2nd one was held on 2nd July at Cambridge
• Building a global research network is new
– Visit to Brazil:- key to establishing global collaboration
• Journal Paper on Y-Comm
• Submitted to IEEE/ACM TON
– URL for Y-Comm White Papers
• http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/research/dtg/?userid=gem11
New Plans at Middlesex
• Develop a small Y-Comm testbed at
Middlesex
• Go further than the Cambridge Testbed
• Include Industrial Partners
• Vodafone, CRFS Limited, Univirtua
• Involve the MUBS
• Look for a new business model for Y-Comm
• Host the Y-Comm Research Web Page
– http://www.mdx.ac.uk/eis/research/groups/YComm.asp
Any Questions?