Basics of referencing
LIBRARY
Session outline

This session will cover:
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
What is ‘referencing’?
Reassurance!
Introduction to some referencing styles
Tips for finding reference details
Choosing a referencing style
Using the UC Referencing Guide
Hands on practice
2
What is referencing?

Each information source you use in assignments etc must be
acknowledged in two ways:
◦ An ‘in-text’ reference – usually called a ‘citation’
◦ A complete reference in a footnote, reference list OR bibliography

References (and citations) are formatted according to particular
styles
◦ A Referencing Guide gives details of format

Accurate references allow your reader to find those sources

Referencing your information sources is a
requirement of the University of Canberra
◦ Academic Integrity Policy:
https://guard.canberra.edu.au/policy/policy.php?pol_id=3175
3
Reassurance!

You don’t need to ‘learn’ referencing
◦ All the information is in a referencing guide

ALWAYS CHECK DETAILS
IN A REFERENCING GUIDE
4
Referencing styles
Two categories:
◦ Author-Date styles
 The in-text citation consists
of author’s name and year of
publication
 A detailed reference for each
work is given in a Reference
List at the end of your
assignment
◦ Numerical styles
 A number in text, guides
the reader to the
reference details at the
foot of the page
(footnote) or the end of
your assignment (end
note)
5
Harvard style:
Lewis, V 2012, Positive bodies: loving the
skin you're in, Australian Academic Press,
Toowong, Qld.
Chicago Humanities style:
Lewis, Vivienne. Positive Bodies:
Loving the Skin You‘re In.
Toowong, Australia:
Australian Academic Press, 2012.
Examples
Vancouver style:
(5) Lewis V. Positive bodies: loving
the skin you're in. Toowong,
(Australia): Australian Academic
Press; 2012.
APA style:
Lewis, V. (2012). Positive bodies:
loving the skin you're in. Toowong,
Australia: Australian Academic .
6
Harvard style:
Patino, A, Pitta, DA & Quinones, R 2012, ‘Social media's emerging
importance in market research’, Journal of Consumer Marketing, vol. 29,
no. 3, pp. 233-237, viewed 27 November 2012, Emerald.
Chicago Humanities style:
Patino, Anthony, Dennis A. Pitta, and Ralph Quinones. "Social
Media's Emerging Importance in Market Research." Journal of
Consumer Marketing 29, no. 3 (2012): 233-237.
Vancouver style:
(11) Patino A, Pitta DA, Quinones R. Social media's emerging
importance in market research. J Con Mkt. 2012; 29(3):233-7.
APA style:
Patino, A., Pitta, D. A., & Quinones, R. (2012). Social media's
emerging importance in market research. Journal of Consumer
Marketing, 29(3), 233-237. doi:10.1108/07363761211221800
7
Where to find reference information

Books:
 Title page and/or back of the
title page
 Chapter authors will appear
at start of chapter, and in table
of contents
8
For Library books,
this information is
also available from
the catalogue record
9

Journal articles:
 Article title & author/s are listed at the beginning of an
article
 Journal title, date, volume
& issue may appear on each
page of an article
◦ Articles found online
 Database summary page
will have all details
◦ Print journals:
 Title, volume, issue & date
given on cover
 Volume & issue number
styles can vary
e.g. no issue number,
month name etc
10

Websites:
◦ Many variations!!
◦ Sometimes no personal author is given
 An organisation may be the author
◦ If no date provided, use ‘last updated’
◦ Ask Library staff or ASC Rovers
for help
11
Record the information about
every source carefully…
…while you have it in your
hand or on your screen!
12
Which style do I choose?


There is no ‘best’ or ‘easiest’ style
Your lecturers will usually nominate a style
◦ You may need to use different styles for different
lecturers!

Be sure to use the nominated style consistently and
accurately
13
Where to find referencing guides

Start at the Library homepage:
◦ http://www.canberra.edu.au/library/
14
15
Tabs for general information and
individual referencing styles
Select the style you have
been asked to use
16
Click on the tab to choose
from the list of materials, or
choose from the left column
The ‘home’ page for each style gives
general guidelines on format, in-text
citations & Reference Lists
Sometimes it’s tricky to
decide what type of material
you are using!
It will get easier with practice
AND Library staff are happy
to help!
17
For each material type, the format is
given in red showing layout,
punctuation, & font style, plus
examples of references
Follow the format carefully, every time!
Exercise

On the worksheet provided & using UC
Referencing Guide, create references for 2
or 3 items following the instructions attached
to each item
◦ 5-10 minutes, do 2-3 items
◦ Swap items with other class participants
◦ Ask the trainers for assistance if you need it
– we want to help you learn what to do!
19
Books
Exercise results
APA Style
Harvard Style
ITEM A:
Loomba, A. (2005). Colonialism/Postcolonialism
(2nd ed.). London: Routledge.
ITEM D:
Loomba, A 2005, Colonialism/Postcolonialism,
2nd edn, Routledge, London.
ITEM B:
Lewis,V. (2012). Positive bodies: Loving the
skin you're in. Toowong, Australia: Australian
Academic.
ITEM E:
Lewis,V 2012, Positive bodies: loving the skin
you're in, Australian Academic Press,
Toowong, Qld.
ITEM C:
Ferguson, A. (2012). Gina Rinehart. Sydney,
Australia: Macmillan.
ITEM F:
Ferguson, A 2012, Gina Rinehart, Macmillan,
Sydney.
20
Journal articles
Exercise results
APA Style
Harvard Style
ITEM J:
Slevc, L. R., & Miyake, A. (2006). Individual
differences in second-language proficiency:
does musical ability matter? Psychological
Science, 17(8), 675-681.
ITEM G:
Slevc, LR & Miyake, A 2006, ‘Individual differences
in second-language proficiency: does musical
ability matter?’, Psychological Science, vol. 17, no. 8,
pp. 675-681.
ITEM K:
Runciman, D. (2012). Political Games. History
Today, 62(June), 38-45. Retrieved from
http://www.historytoday.com
ITEM H:
Runciman, D 2012, ‘Political Games’, History Today,
vol. 62, no. June, pp. 38-45, viewed 12 December
2012, Academic Search Complete.
ITEM L:
Ghosh, S., & Mujumdar, P. P. (2006). Risk
minimization in water quality control
problems of a river system. Advances in Water
Resources, 29, 458-470.
doi:10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.06.001
ITEM I:
Ghosh, S & Mujumdar, PP 2006, ‘Risk minimization
in water quality control problems of a river
system’, Advances in Water Resources, vol. 29, pp.
458-470, viewed 13 December 2012, Science
Direct.
21
More reassurance…
 This
will get easier with practice
 Don’t be afraid to ask for help
 Any
questions?
22
For more help…
LIBRARY
• Research Assistance
Desk
• Level B of the Library
Phone:
• 62015082
Ask a Librarian online:
• Ask a question by
email
• Online chat 10.30-3.30
Monday-Friday
ACADEMIC
SKILLS CENTRE
SMARTHINKING
ONLINE
TUTORIALS
• ASC Rovers in the
Library
Access via Moodle:
• Have your writing
reviewed within 24
hours
• Chat online with a live
tutor
• Schedule to meet with
a live tutor
• Send a tutor an
academic question
• Have your writing
reviewed at drop
in session or
individual
appointment
Phone:
• 62012205 for an
appointment
23