Incarceration and Prison Society • History and Goals • Prison Organization • Correctional Officers • • • • • Prison Society Women in Prison Prison Programs Violence Prisoner Rights Prison History • Big Houses – South different • Traditional Prison Population • Changing Prison Population GOALS OF INCARCERATION Custodial Rehabilitation Reintegration Governing Prisoners • Authority: Perception vs. Reality • Issues – Total Power? – Rewards and Punishment – Cooperation and Leadership Correctional Officers • Role • Recruitment Prison Society • • • • Prisonization Inmate Code Adaptive Roles Prison Economy Women In Prison • 8% of new admissions. • 6% of total population. • Increase of 200% since 1980. 200% 100% 0% 1980..........................1995 Women in Prison • Social Relationships • Subculture • Programs • Children Basic Prison Programs Diagnostic Services Basic Prison Programs Diagnostic Services elementary secondary college Educational Programs Basic Prison Programs Diagnostic Services elementary secondary college Educational Programs Vocational Programs carpentry plumbing electrical gardening printing keyboarding Basic Prison Programs Diagnostic Services elementary secondary college Educational Programs Counseling Services Vocational Programs carpentry plumbing electrical gardening printing keyboarding Basic Prison Programs Diagnostic Services elementary secondary college Educational Programs Vocational Programs Counseling Services Recreation Services carpentry plumbing electrical gardening printing keyboarding Basic Prison Programs Diagnostic Services elementary secondary college Educational Programs Vocational Programs Counseling Services Recreation Services Religious Services carpentry plumbing electrical gardening printing keyboarding Basic Prison Programs Diagnostic Services elementary secondary college Educational Programs Vocational Programs Counseling Services Recreation Services Religious Services Medical Services carpentry plumbing electrical gardening printing keyboarding Prison Industries • Established early on • Internal maintenance • Industry shops and contract work • Inefficient • Opposed by labor unions Violence in prison • Explanations • Types • Contributing factors that can be controlled Until the 1960s – Supreme Court “Hands Off” policy on prisons Cooper v. Pate (1964) - prisoners may challenge the conditions of their confinement under civil rights legislation. First Amendment Rights Theriault v. Carson (1977) – no sham religious practices allowed Procunier v. Martinez (1974) – censorship of mail only to extent necessary to maintain security Fourth Amendment Rights Hudson v. Palmer (1984) – officials can search cell and confiscate materials Bell v. Wolfish (1979) – body searches allowed if clear and legitimate purpose outweighs invasion of personal privacy Eighth Amendment Rights Three principle tests – 1) shocks conscience 2) unnecessarily cruel 3)goes beyond legitimate penal aims Estelle v. Gamble (1976) – no deliberate indifference to medical needs 14th Amendment Rights Wolff v. McDonnell (1974) – basic due process rights in disciplinary hearings Lee v. Washington (1968) – no racial segregation in prisons; only justified temporarily to restore order or prevent violence Hello, is this microphone on? • _____ is the model of correctional institutions that emphasizes maintenance of the offender’s ties to family and community. • Reintegration Model • _____ are often used by prison officials as a communication source between officials and the inmate population. • Inmate leaders • _____ is the model of corrections that emphasizes security, discipline, and order. • Custodial Model • In ____ the Supreme Court said prisoners have basic due process rights in disciplinary hearings • Wolff v. McDonnell (1974) • _____ is the orientation that judges had toward prisoners’ rights prior to the 1960s. • Hands off policy • _____ is the system of barter and purchase based on cigarettes and other items that prisoners use to gain desired items • Prison economy