Plant Structure and Life Span
 Root vs. Shoot System
 F3 Form Follows Function
 Different Environments
 Different adaptations
Plant Structure and Life Span
 Herbaceous Plants
 No wood above ground
 Annuals i.e. corn, geraniums, marigolds
 Bienniels i.e. carrots, cabbage
Plant Structure and Life Span
 Woody Plants
 Produce woody shoot system
 All are perennials


Some herbaceous also perennials
Differences in shoot vs. root system
Cells and Tissues (table 5-2)
 Ground Tissue
 What is tissue?


Simple
Complex
 Primary and secondary cell walls
Cell and Tissue Types
 Ground Tissue/Parenchyma Cells
 Most common type of herbaceous cell
 Storage
 Photosynthesis
 Secretion
 Ability to differentiate
Cells and Tissues
 Ground Tissue: Collenchyma
 Unevenly thickened primary cell walls
 Elongated
 Act as support tissue (celery)
Cells and Tissues
 Ground Tissue: Sclerenchyma
 Primary and secondary cell walls
 Scleroids



Variable in shape
Act as support
Pears
 Fibers



Long and tapered
Clumped
Wood, bark, plant veins
Cells and Tissues
 Vascular Tissue: Xylem
 Transports water and minerals
 Tracheids = chief water conducting cells in
gymnosperms and below

Passes through pits
 Vessel Elements = flowering plants (angiosperms)

Perforations at end with pits in side walls
Cells and Tissues
 Vascular tissue
 Phloem


Moves food materials from photosynthesis
4 types
 Sieve-tube elements = conduct food materials in solution
 Companion Cells = cell that assists sieve-tube
 Phloem Fibers
 Phloem Parenchyma Cells
Cells and Tissues
 Dermal Tissue
 Epidermis




Outermost layer of herbaceous plants
Stomata
Guard Cells
Trichomes
 Periderm


Replaces epidermis in woody plants
Made of cork/cork parenchyma cells
Plant Meristems
 Function in cell growth (only part of the plant that
grows)
 Division
 Elongation
 Differentiation
 Primary and secondary growth
 Secondary = Primarily gymnosperms and woody dicots
 Meristematic cells do not differentiate
Plant Meristems
 Primary Growth takes place at the apical meristem
 Tip of roots and shoots
 Protected by root cap
 Small and boxy
 Area of division
Encyclopedia Britannica
Plant Meristems
 Primary Meristems
 Area of cell elongation
 Some differentiation
 3 types of meristems



Protoderm
Procambrium
Ground Meristem