The Triumphs
and Travails of
the Jeffersonian
Republic
Federalist / Republican
Mudslingers
•
First 2-party election
 War with France
•
Mudslinging
 Hamilton attacks Adams
 Pamphlet
•
Whisper campaigns
 Federalists attack Jefferson’s character
 Robbed widow
 Sally Hemings
 Church V. State
Election of 1800
Nominee
Thomas Jefferson
John Adams
Party
Democratic
Republican
Federalist
Home state
Virginia
Massachusetts
Running mate
Aaron Burr
Charles Cotesworth
Pinckney, John Jay
Electoral vote
73
65
States carried
8
7
Popular vote
41,330
25,952
Percentage
61.4%
38.6%
Jeffersonian Revolution
• Jefferson
is elected president
 Burr receives the same amount of votes
 Congress decides who will be vice president and
who will be president
 Burr = Vice President
• Twelfth
Amendment
 Electors to cast separate ballots for president
and vice-president
Jeffersonian Republicanism
•
People should control the government
 Shrink the government
 Cut costs
 Balance Budget / Get out of debt
 Excise tax
 Alien-Sedition
 Reduced size of army
 Halted plans to extend the navy
 Lowered expenses for government social functions
•
Took office in the new federal capital
 Washington D.C.
John Marshall
• Judiciary
Act of 1801
 16 new federal judgeships/offices
• President
Adams filed paperwork while leaving
office
 Midnight appointments
 Leave federalists in office
• John
Marshall
 Dominated the Supreme Court
 Shaped legal tradition
 Federalist
Marbury V. Madison
•
Jefferson said appointments were not valid
 Told Madison (Secretary of State) not to deliver
appointments
•
Federal chief justice = John Marshall
 Declared that part of the Judiciary Act of 1789
unconstitutional
 Would have ordered Madison to hand over papers
•
Decision strengthened the Supreme court
 Established Judicial Review
 Ability of Supreme Court to declare a law or act of
Congress unconstitutional
Louisiana Purchase
•
1800
 Spain ceded to France the trans-Mississippi
Region of Louisiana = includes New Orleans
 1802
 Spain withdraws the right of deposit =
Pinckney’s Treaty of 1795
•
1803
 James Monroe / Robert R. Livingston
 Buy New Orleans + land to its east
 $10 Million
Cont.
•
Napoleon decides to sell
 West Indies = Haiti
 Malaria
 Fear of an alliance with US and Britain
•
April 30, 1803
 Louisiana Purchase
 $15 million
 3-4 cents acre
 828,000 square miles
Exploration
• Isolationist
 Removing Europe
• 1804
 Under direction of President Jefferson
 Explore the new territory
 Meriwether Lewis
 William Clark
 Sacajawea = Shoshone
 33 men
 2 ½ years
Aaron burr
•
Burr
 Dropped 2nd Term
 Succession of New England and NY
 Hamilton exposed plan
•
Burr / Hamilton Duel
 Hamilton refused to fire
 Burr killed Hamilton with one shot
•
Separate Western part of the U.S.
Neutrality
•
1804
 Jefferson reelected
•
Napoleon provokes war with Britain
•
Orders in Council
 British closed European ports under
French control to foreign shipping
 Ships had to first stop at a British port
•
Napoleon orders the seizure of all
merchant ships entering British ports
 Including American
Cont.
•
Impressment
 Forcible enlistment of sailors
 6,000
•
Chesapeake Affair
 Surrender of 4 alleged deserters
 American commander refused demand
 Chesapeake fired upon
 Killing 3 wounding 18
The Hated Embargo
•
U.S. cut of exports
•
Trade = Canadian Border
•
Embargo Act 1807
•
Enforcing legislations
 Forbade exports of all goods from
the U.S.
 “Peaceful Coercion”
 Rights of Neutral Nations
•
Docks deserted
•
Soup Kitchens
•
Commerce Hurt
 Reviving Federalist party
•
Nullification
•
Repealed March 1, 1809
•
Non Intercourse Act
 Opened Trade
 Except Britain / France
Madison’s Gamble
•
1808
 Madison wins presidency
•
Macon’s Bill
 Britain or France repealed its commercial restriction
 America would restore its embargo against the
nonrepealing nation
 Ally?
 Napoleon maneuvers to lift orders
 Britain saw no need to bargain
 U.S. reestablished the embargo
 Final step towards war
Mr. Madison’s War
•
War inevitable
•
America needed to
protect itself
•
Madison = Congress
to declare war
 June 1, 1812
 2 weeks later
 House 79 to 49
 Senate 19 to
13
•
Sectionalism
 Support = South / West
 Federalist = damned the
conflict
 New England
 Resented Republican
sympathy with Napoleon
 Opposed acquisition of
Canada
 Sent supplies to Canada
 Refused militias to
serve outside of their
state