D170 W15
Orientation and Imaging
Williams
Define the following sub-disciplines of anatomy:
Gross anatomy –
Regional anatomy –
Systemic anatomy –
Surface anatomy –
Microscopic anatomy (histology) –
Describe the hierarchy of structural organization, noting the following levels. Give an
example at each level.
Chemical level –
Cellular level –
Tissue level –
Organ level –
Organ system level –
Organismal level –
What are the 12 systems of the human body? (Figure 1.2)
Describe what a human looks like when standing in the anatomical position.
What is the difference between the axial and appendicular regions of the body?
Know the regions listed in Figure 1.3
Explain how to use the following terms to describe relationships between parts of the human
body. Give an example for each. (Table 1.1)
Superior (cranial) –
Inferior (caudal) –
Medial –
Lateral –
Proximal –
Distal –
Ipsilateral –
Contrallateral –
Anterior (ventral) –
Posterior (dorsal) –
Superficial (external) –
Deep (internal) –
Describe the following types of planes that cut through the body. Use regional terms to
describe how the body is sectioned (cut) by these planes.
Frontal (coronal) plane –
Transverse (horizontal) plane –
Sagittal plane –
Midsagittal (median) plane –
Parasagittal planes –
Oblique sections –
Describe the six basic features of the human body plan.
Fill out the following table for the cavities of the body.
Cavity name
Dorsal
Cranial
Vertebral
Ventral
Thoracic
Mediastinum
Pleural
Pericardial
Abdominopelvic
Abdominal
Pelvic
Contains what sub-cavities?
Part of what larger cavity?
Organs included in this cavity
What is a serous cavity? Describe the structure of a serous cavity and give an example.
Label quadrants and superficial organs
Complete the following table regarding imaging methods.
Imaging method
How it works
What it can view
well
Light microscopy
Uses a beam of
light
Electron
Uses a beam of
microscopy
electrons
Scanning electron
Uses a beam of
microscopy
electrons
X-rays
Computed
tomography (CT)
or CAT
X-rays are
absorbed by
certain tissues
X-rays taken
around a person
Strengths
Weaknesses
Positron emission
topography (PET)
Sonography
Magnetic
resonance
imaging (MRI)
Detects
radioactive
isotopes
Sound waves
reflect off of
tissues
Magnetic field
detection
Vocabulary
Tissue
Organ
Organ system
Anatomical position
Axial region
Appendicular region
Superior (cranial)
Inferior (caudal)
Medial
Lateral
Proximal
Distal
Ipsilateral
Contralateral
Anterior (ventral)
Posterior (dorsal)
Superficial (external)
Deep (internal)
Frontal (coronal) plane
Transverse (horizontal plane)
Cross section
Sagittal plane
Median (midsagittal plane)
Parasagittal plane
Oblique section
Dorsal body cavity
Ventral body cavity
Viscera
Thoracic cavity
Abdominopelvic cavity
Pleural cavity
Mediastinum
Pericardial cavity
Abdominal cavity
Pelvic cavity
Peritoneal cavity
Serous membrane (serosa)
Light microscopy
Electron microscopy
Scanning electron microscopy
Artifacts
X-ray imaging
CT
CAT
Angiography
PET
Sonography (ultrasound)
MRI
Plus all terms on Figure 1.3