HAP
Name_______________________
Semester I Exam Review Guide Questions
Period _______________
De Stigter
Chapter 1 – Intro to HAP
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Define anatomy and physiology.
Why is it difficult to separate anatomy and physiology?
What are some factors that have led to a strong interest in Human Anatomy and Physiology?
Place the following in order in terms of their levels of organization.
-organ – cell – atom – organism – organ system – tissue – organelles
List the 10 characteristics of life. How are the characteristics of life dependent on metabolism?
List the 5 requirements of life.
What is homeostasis? Give an example from your body of homeostasis.
List the 11 different systems that make up the human body.
Chapter 2 – Chemical Basis of Life
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Why is a basic understanding of chemistry important when studying the HAP?
What are the major elements that make up the human body?
What are the two ways that atoms bond with each other? Give an example for each.
List the three inorganic substances that are required by the human body.
List the four organic substances that are required by the human body.
Chapter 3 – Cells
1. What is a cell? How many do you have in your body?
2. What do the following cellular organelles do? Endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, golgi apparatus,
mitochondria, cilia and flagella, lysosomes, microfilaments, microtubules, nucleus, nucleolus, chromatin…
3. What is the difference between osmosis and diffusion?
4. Why does the body need to be able to have active transport?
5. How does food and water get into the cell? How do wastes get out?
6. Describe the phases of mitosis.
7. What is special about stem cells?
8. What is apoptosis? Is it good or bad? Explain.
Chapter 5 – Tissues
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List the 4 types of tissue.
Differentiate between simple and stratified.
Differentiate between squamous, cuboidal, and columnar.
Describe the different types of epithelial tissues.
Describe the functions of three glandular epithelium.
What are the basic types of connective tissue? Describe functions for each type.
7. List the three types of muscle. Where are each located?
Chapter 6 – Integumentary System
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What are the three basic layers of the Integumentary system?
Describe the layers of the epidermis.
What is melanin and why is it important?
How does the skin of a human get its color?
What are some of the accessory organs of the skin? What do they do and why are they important?
What is inflammation? What are the symptoms of inflammation?
Chapter 7 – Skeletal System
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Name the basic parts of a typical long bone.
Differentiate between osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts. Where are they and what do they do?
How do endochondral bones grow?
What are the four functions of bone?
Describe the process of calcium regulation in the human body through the skeletal system.
Know pg. 135 terms
How many bones are in the human body?
Know where the following bones are located on Mr. Bones…see attached sheet
Describe the basic landmarks of a typical vertebra.
Chapter 8 – Muscular System (8.1-8.6)
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Differentiate between endomysium, perimysium, and epimysium.
What are the two basic protein molecules that make up muscle fibers?
Know where the Z line, I band, A band, H zone, sarcomere and M line are located.
Describe the step-by-step physiology of how a muscle fires.
What is the neuromuscular junction? What goes on here?
Where are troponin and tropomyosin located?
What is the difference between acetylcholine and acetylcholinesterase?
What is the body’s energy currency?
What is creatine phosphate and what does it do?
Why do some people take creatine?
Differentiate between myoglobin and hemoglobin.
Differentiate between fast and slow twitch muscle fibers. What do you have?
Bones of the Human Body
temporal bone
parietal bone
frontal bone
occipital bone
zygomatic bone
mandible
maxilla
nasal bone
mastoid process
styloid process
coronoid process
mandibular condyle
occipital condyle
foramen magnum
C-7
L-2
T-4
sacrum
coccyx
sacral foramen
sternum
body
manubrium
xiphoid process
costal cartilage
rib 11 (floating rib)
rib 8 (vertebralchondral rib)
rib 3 (vertebralsternal rib)
clavicle
acromion process
coracoid process
head of humerus
scapula
spine of scapula
glenoid cavity
intertubecular groove
greater tubercle of humerus
lesser tubercle of humerus
coronoid fossa
capitulum
trochlea
sacroiliac joint
olecranon fossa
radius
styloid process of ulna
styloid process of radius
coronoid process
scaphoid
lunate
triquetrum
pisiform
trapezium
trapezoid
capitate
hamate
4th metacarpal
proximal phalange of 2nd metatarsal
ischium
ilium
pubis
pubic symphysis
pubic arch
obturator foramen
acetabulum
head of femur
fovea capitis
femur
tibia
fibula
greater trochanter or femur
lesser trochanter of femus
medial condyle of femur
lateral epicondyle of femur
tibal tuberosity
medial malleolus
lateral malleolus
talus
calcaneus
navicular
medial cuneiform
intermediate cuneiform
lateral cuneiform
cuboid
3rd metatarsal
distal phalange of 4th metatarsal
ulna
radial tuberosity
olecranon process