Analysis of Food Based Nutrition Programmes to Improve
Maternal and Child Nutrition through Sector Specific
Approaches
James Levinson
Training on Comparative Review of the Nutrition Situation and
Policies in Selected Countries and with particular reference to
Bangladesh
27 March to 6 April 2014
Conceptual framework for analysing the causes of
malnutrition
Malnutrition,
death & disability
Outcomes
Immediate
causes
Underlying
causes at
household /
family level
Inadequate
dietary intake
Insufficient
access to FOOD
Disease
Inadequate
maternal & child
CARE practices
Poor water,
sanitation &
inadequate
HEALTH services
Quantity and quality of actual resources –
human, economic & organisational - and the way they are controlled
Basic causes at
societal level
Potential resources: environment, technology, people
UNICEF
Methodology, application and targeted beneficiaries (1/2)
Project name/Country/
Location
Integrated Horticulture
and Nutrition
Development
Targeted beneficiaries
• Landless households
( < 0.50 acres land)
Peri urban locations in 15
districts
Bangladesh
Thirty schools in peri
urban locations
Nutrition
Education/Nutrition
Information
• Integrated horticulture
Community based nutrition
education programmes for
school/adolescent children,
household women.
Nutrition training for peri
urban and urban school
teachers of govt/public
schools, elders, NGO
workers and government
stakeholders.
development
• Growing household
and group gardens and
planting nutritious
vegetables, fruits,
mushrooms and herbs
Bangladesh
Integrated horticulture
and Nutrition
Development
Farming/Food
systems/Food learning
initiative
• Schools with
minimum land area of 3
decimal for the
nutrition garden and
access to water;
adolescent females in
8th and 9th grades
• School
nutrition
gardening as part of
practical science
learning and planting
selected nutritious
vegetables and fruits
Integrating in nutrition
curriculum :
Nutritious cooking
demonstrations
Innovative games and
nutrition education aids for
school children.
3
Study results
Bangladesh: Integrated Horticulture and Nutrition
Development Project (IHNDP)
 Environment of growing horticulture produce - limited land
available within immediate courtyard vicinity or on roof tops.
 Participants able to grow vegetables, fruits, mushrooms and
herbs mainly for consumption.
 Equipping women with the knowledge, technology and skills to
process foods for value addition, prepare nutritious foods for
consumption and thereby improving dietary quality.
 Attempt - diversify the food habits of the target groups, promote
the consumption of horticulture foods as a sustainable solution
to the problem of micronutrient malnutrition.
4
Fish, meat, egg and milk
consumption by landless
households
Leafy vegetable consumption
by landless households
70%
120%
60%
100%
50%
80%
40%
Project
30%
Project
60%
Control
Control
20%
40%
10%
20%
0%
None 1-3 times 4-7 times
0%
None
1-3 times 4-7 times
5
Initiation of Complementary Feeding by the Landless
70
60
%
50
40
Project
30
Control
20
10
0
<5m
5-7 m
Over 7 m
6
Impacts on nutrition
Prevalence of underweight by period
of intervention
25
23.2
20.4
20
15.9
15
10
<-2SD
9.5
<-3SD
5
2.3
1.9
0
baseline
FS
PI
Decline in rates of malnutrition under five years
demonstrated evidence of project impacts on nutrition
7
THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND
ATTENTION