What is Astronomy??
Astronomy is the scientific study of
stars, planets and other things in
space.
How did the universe
begin??
There are three main theories of the origin of the universe.
•Big Bang theory
•Steady State theory
•Creation theory
•The universe has always been as
it is today
•New matter is always being
produced
•The universe is continuously
contracting and expanding.
•Billions of years ago the universe was packed in a small spacePrimeval Atom
•It explodes and threw matter in all directions
•The explosion caused the formation of the galaxies.
•God created the Heavens and the
Earth.
•Adam and Eve
•Religion
The universe is made up of
millions of Galaxies.
A galaxy is a swarm of billions of
stars, clouds and dust rotating
around a central point.
Our galaxy is called
the Milky Way
Our WHOLE solar
system is located right
about here
X
Stars go through four different stages in their lifetime.
The four stages are:
•Yellow Star
•Red Giant
•White Dwarf
•Black Dwarf
•Medium-Hot star.
Nuclear reaction occurring
•Our “Star” (sun) is a yellow
star.
•As nuclear fuel is used up, star expands
and turns red
•Lasts for about 100 million years
•When our sun is a Red Giant, it will
expand and swallow up the inner
planets—Mercury, Venus, Earth &
Mars
•Most of the stars fuel in the outer layers
is used up
•Shrinks and collapses (about the size of
Earth but heavier)
•Gives off a white light
•Remaining fuel
is used up
•Star is dead
Basic Sun Facts
•The Sun is 93 million
miles away from Earth.
(It takes sunlight 8.5
minutes to reach Earth.)
•Surface Temperature:
10,000 degrees (F)
•Core Temp: 22,000,000
degrees
HOT STUFF!!!
•Corona Temp: 2,000,000
degrees
How Big is the Sun???
The Sun is HUGE!!!
•Diameter of Sun: 865,000 miles across.
109 Earths would fit across the Sun!!!
•Circumference: 2,700,000 miles
around the Sun
*** 1,300,000 Earths would fit inside the
Sun! WOW!!
The Sun actually moves!
Rotation: The Sun spins around one time
every 25 days.
Revolution: The Sun moves around the
center of our galaxy one time every
200,000,000 years!
Core
Convection Zone
Photosphere
Prominences
Sunspots
Solar Flares
Chromosphere
Corona
Core: Center of Sun, hottest part. Nuclear fusion takes
place
Convection Zone: Full of hot gases. Energy released
Photosphere: Source of sunlight. Visible part of Sun
Prominences: Flame-like gases that travel outward
Sunspots: Darker, cooler areas of Sun
Solar Flares: Streams of charges atoms
Corona: Outer atmosphere
Chromosphere: Gases above the photosphere. Seen only
during an eclipse
Prominences
Chromosphere
Sun Spots
E
A
R
T
H
The Earth is tilted on it’s axis 23.5 degrees.
This is why we have seasons.
We have night and day because our
planet is rotating or spinning!
Illinois
SUN
X
This is showing daytime in Illinois
FYI: This is not to scale!!!
We have night and day because our
planet is rotating or spinning!
Illinois
SUN
X
This is showing nighttime in Illinois
FYI: This is not to scale!!!
This is a little more to
scale!!!
Sun
Earth
The Background Info.
•The Moon is the Earths only natural satellite.
•Ancient man feared the moon- Thought it made a person
crazy!
•Lunar- From the moon. Lunatic- Crazy person.
•1609, Galileo was the 1st person to fully examine the moon
through a telescope.
•Distance from Earth: 250,000 miles
•Circumference: 7,000 miles
•Diameter: 2,000 miles
** The moon is about a ¼ of the size of Earth.
•Gravitational Pull: 1/6 that of the Earth. Ex)
If you weight 100 pounds on the Earth, you
would weigh about 16 .5 pounds on the
moon!
Effects of only a little gravity on the moon:
•No water
•No atmosphere
•No air
Effects of no air:
No sound
No wind to carry warmth to cold areas
Black skies, you see stars in the daytime.
Topography:
Craters, mountains, smooth plains, valleys
Temperature on the Moon
Bright side
is 200-300
degrees!
Dark side is –
270 degrees!
Below Zero!
Due to the extreme conditions on the moon astronauts
must were a suit like this.
Phases of the Moon
Half of the Moon is ALWAYS
lit-up
Sunlight
The Moon appears to have phases because it is revolving around us.
Quarter/Half Moon
New Moon
Full Moon
(sunlight)
Quarter/Half Moon
Rotation: 27 1/3 days
Revolution: 27 1/3 days
We can only see one side of the moon from
the Earth. Astonaughts had to orbit the
moon in a rocket ship to see what was on
the other side. The reason why we can only
see one side of the moon is because the
rotation and revolution are the same.
ECLIPSES
SOLAR ECLIPSE
When the Moon gets between the
Sun and Earth. The Moon casts a
small shadow on the Earth.
LUNAR ECLIPSE
When the Earth gets between the
Sun and the Moon. The Earth
casts a shadow on the Moon.
This is how we knew the Earth
was round!
SOLAR ECLIPSE
LUNAR ECLIPSE
This is a picture
of the Earth
from the moon.
This shows the craters and the smooth areas on the moon.
This shows the surface of the moon
Little Astronaut
And away we go!
My Very Enlarged
Mother Just Served Us
Nine Pizzas
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mother
just
served
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