Exam 2 Review
Topics
Chapter 5
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Data Resource Management
Database Terminology
Types of Relationships
Comparison to File Systems
Labs
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Introduction to Databases
Wagemart Scheduling (DSS)
Supply Chain Mgmt. & RFID
Fund Trading Lab (DSS)
Student Presentations &
Related Reading (see website)
 DBMS
 CRM
 ERP
 SCM
 EIS
 DSS
 GIS

Expert System will be on
the final but not this exam
First, understand the big
picture.
Historical Perspective

Information Systems were initially designed
to meet the needs of traditional functional
areas of business
Accounting
Production or
Operations
Marketing
Finance
Human
Resources
Modern View

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Enterprise Systems are so valuable and superior,
Functional System are rarely developed anymore
An Enterprise System can replace several Functional
Systems
CRM System
Production or
Operations
(PCS)
Finance
System
Accounting
System
Marketing
System
HR System
Modern IS Systems

The big software developers (Oracle for example),
now sell Enterprise Systems (cross-functional), not
functional systems.


i.e., they don’t sell a marketing System, but they do sell a
CRM system.
Why?
Oracle Siebel
Essential for
Operations
Finance
System
Used by
Accounting
Used by
Marketing
HR System
In the Real World

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You might use more than one Enterprise System.
Example, if you work in Accounting, you might use 2 different
Enterprise Systems and one functional system.
ERP System
CRM System
Production
Accounting
System
Finance
Accounting
Marketing
Human
Resources
Why this course matters

Accountant’s without a back-ground in MIS might not understand
the roles these three systems play and why all three are
necessary.
ERP System
CRM System
Production
Accounting
System
Finance
Accounting
Marketing
Human
Resources
Key Principle

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These system exist because of common goals and
the need to share information.
Business Processes are not isolated to one area
ERP System
CRM System
Production
Accounting
System
Finance
Accounting
Marketing
Human
Resources
Traditional Classification
(Types of Systems)
Information
Systems
Operations
Support
Systems
Transaction
Processing
Systems
(TPS)
Process
Control
Systems
(PCS)
Management
Support
Systems
Enterprise
Collaboration
Systems
(ECS)
Management
Information
Systems
(MIS)
Decision
Support
Systems
(DSS)
Executive
Information
Systems
(EIS)
Modern View

But, Cross-Functional Systems are so
complex, they do not fit into one
Information
category.
Systems
Operations
Support
Systems
Management
Support
Systems
Process
Control
Systems
(PCS)
CRM System
Transaction
Processing
Systems
(TPS)
Executive
Information
Systems
(EIS)
Enterprise
Collaboration
Systems (ECS)
Management
Information
Systems
(MIS)
Decision
Support
Systems
(DSS)
WTF?

Q: Why did we study the different types if
modern systems rarely fit one specific type?

A: Some basic systems still fit perfectly into a
category

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Example: Outlook is just an ECS.
A: Some enterprise system lack a certain
characteristic.

Example: A poorly design CRM may not have any
DSS characteristics.
In the Real World

Does this mean an ERP system
replaces all these other systems?
Information
Systems
Operations
Support
Systems
ERP System
Transaction
Processing
Systems
(TPS)
Process
Control
Systems
(PCS)
Management
Support
Systems
Enterprise
Collaboration
Systems
(ECS)
Management
Information
Systems
(MIS)
Decision
Support
Systems
(DSS)
Executive
Information
Systems
(EIS)
In the Real World

It means that an ERP system has some of the
characteristics of all these types of systems.

But, you still might need a basic TPS to handle your point
of sale operations and ECS to collaborate.
Information
Systems
Cash
Register
System
(POS)
Peoplesoft
Transaction
Processing
Systems
(TPS)
Operations
Support
Systems
Process
Control
Systems
(PCS)
Management
Support
Systems
Enterprise
Collaboration
Systems
(ECS)
Outlook
Management
Information
Systems
(MIS)
Decision
Support
Systems
(DSS)
Executive
Information
Systems
(EIS)
Second, make sure you
understand databases
Almost all information systems have an
underlying database
Basic Information System Architecture
Forms
Reports
Charts
Applications
DBMS
Algorithms
User
User
Interface
Queries
Information
Systems that
transform Data
into something
more useful…
Database:
Tables
Relationships
Metadata
Logical vs. Physical
Logical Access Layer
how to access the DBMS
Forms
Physical Access Layer
how to actually fetch the
data from a hard disk or
server
Reports
Charts
Applications
DBMS
Algorithms
User
User
Interface
Queries
Information
Systems
Database
Why Databases are so great…
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
Database Management System (DBMS)
does all the nitty-gritty work.
Information Systems just have to deal with
Logical (high-level) Access.
Logical Access Layer
how to access the DBMS
Physical Access Layer
how to actually fetch the
data from a hard disk or
server
DBMS
Before Databases
Sales
Team
Warehouse
Manager
Marketing
Application
Inventory
Management
System (TPS)
Customer
Data Docs
Special
Inventory
Data File
Financial
Calculator Tool
Financial
VP of
Finance
Spreadsheets
These Information Systems are custom built
based on the data (documents, files, spreadsheets)
Functional Systems built with DBMS
Sales
Team
Warehouse
Manager
VP of
Finance
Marketing
System
Inventory
Management
System (TPS)
Customer
Data
DBMS
Inventory
Data
Finance System
Financial
Data
These Information Systems are
now Database Applications
Enterprise Systems built with DBMS
Sales
Team
Warehouse
Manager
VP of
Finance
CRM System
Inventory
Management
System (TPS)
Customer
Data
DBMS
Inventory
Data
ERP System
Financial
Data
These Information Systems are
now Database Applications
Databases

But, databases are not just a bunch of tables
Orders
OID
CID
PID
Quantity
001
508
199
500,000
002
508
201
2
003
510
201
1
Customers

Products
CID
FName
LName
Address
PID
Description
Cost
508
Eric
Breimer
...
199
Viagra
$45.99
509
Andrew
Zych
...
200
Tooth Paste
$2.58
510
Greg
Smith
...
201
Hair Gel
$5.99
A database also includes relationships
between the different tables
Types of Relationships
One to One
ThingA
ThingB
Relationship
Man
Woman
Married
Types of Relationships
One to Many
Student
Faculty
Student
Student
Advises
Get Advisement
Types of Relationships
Many to Many
student takes course
Student
Course
Student
Course
Student
Student
course has a student
Supply Chain Management Systems

Remember Lindsey and Deanna’s
presentation.
Process of SCM:

SCM systems assist with

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flow of Raw materials
Producing products
Providing service
Delivering the product to the end consumer.
Goals of an SCM system:

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Speed
Efficiency
Reduce Cost
Improve Supply chain cycle times (to get a
company’s products from concept to market)
Five Basic Components:
1. Plan
2. Source
3. Make
4. Deliver
5. Return
Third, review student
presentations
See the website…
Also, the website tells you the corresponding
reading.
Know the supply chain…

This wasn’t adequately covered in any of the
presentations.
What if you don’t have
enough bike parts?
What if there aren’t enough bikes in
Finished Inventory?
SCM Example
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Supply Chain Systems are so complicated
that its sometimes hard to see simple
solutions.
Simple Solution: The guy who orders parts
queries the Finished Inventory Database and
the Orders Database.
In the older system, he only looked at the
Parts database to see if they should re-order
parts.
SCM Fundamentals

Implementing and then using an SCM can reengineer a company.
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However, notice that an SCM system if very
Operational

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This could improve the company’s operations
significantly
Leads to Strategic Advantage
Its used everyday to support the core business
process.
ERP systems are very different…
ERP Systems
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So how are they different than SCM Systems?
The key is the word “Planning”
Planning is a forward thinking process

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Supply Chain management
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Planning for next year…
Planning for your next order
Implementing and using an ERP can re-engineer a
company in even more strategic ways.

SCM system are more focused on ….?
ERP Example

Remember the presentation by…

Shalagh, Tara, and Kristen
One ERP System:
Peoplesoft
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Peoplesoft by ORACLE
Helps Companies with:
Customer Relationship Management
Financial Management
Supply Chain Management
Project Management
Asset Lifecyle Management
Sales and Other Application
ERP
ADVANTAGES
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Complete orders faster
Fewer errors
Security features to protect against outside
crime
Better customer service
Improved efficiency and productivity
Easier to share data across departments
Complete revenue cycle faster
Do you get it?

What’s more likely…

An ERP system has a CRM and SCM built
into it.
A SCM system has an ERP and CRM built
into it.

Here is another distinction
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SCM system help deliver products to
customers faster…
CRM systems can also help with this…
But, CRM system are more focused on things
like



Customer Service
Improving Sales
Marketing Support
Remember Ken & Nicole’s presentation…

Sales - Marketing

Marketing & Customer
Service


Customer service could
be an operational
devision.
Training - HR
CRM and Human Resources

Professional Development

Performance Management

Human Resource Development &
Compensation
Players Within a CRM

Customer Advocates & Experience Designers

Performance Managers & Marketing Analysts
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Customer & Employee Surveyors & Analysts
Input

Database with:
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Customer’s interactions with the organization
Support information
Requests
Complaints
Interviews
Survey responses
DSS

Julie, Lizzy, and Mike’s presentation is a must
see…
Why Use a DSS?
Linear Programming
Regression Analysis
Decision Trees
Forecasting
Analytical Modeling
Type of
Modeling
Example
What-if analysis
If we raised our advertising budget by 15% of
our employees, what would happen to sales?
Sensitivity
analysis
Continuously raise our advertising budget by
1% to monitor its relationship to sales
Goal-seeking
analysis
Increase our advertising budget until sales
reach $10 million
Optimization
analysis
What number of advertisements maximizes
our overall profit?
In the real world…

Most Management Information Systems are
now so interactive that….

Every MIS is really a DSS.

Interactivity and Data Modeling are the key
ingredients that distinguish a DSS from an
MIS.
Where do GIS’s fit in?

There are a new kind of DSS that integrates
geographic data with regular table-based
data.

Maps + Spatial Data + Tables

See the presentation by Jill, Will, and
Stacey…

Things to look at: Raster vs. Vector
EIS: The top of the pyramid

A picture is worth a thousand words:
An Executive
EIS
SCM
CRM
MIS
PCS
External
Data
DSS
MIS
MIS
TPS
EIS

see Larissa &Ciara’s slides for more details…