최신 레이다 추세 와 활용
Radar and SAR Principles and Applications
곽 영 길 교수
전자 정보통신 컴퓨터 공학부
항공전자연구소 소장
한국항공대학교
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
RADAR ?
Definition:
RAdio Detection And Ranging
plus target`s position, velocity, image,
and identification
“The basic concept of RADAR is relatively simple,
but, in many instances its practical implementation
is NOT”.  Integrated Technologies :
- Systems/Electronics/Mechanics/
- Computer to RF Technology
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
RSP Lab
RADAR – Electronic Eye
RADAR: HIGHLY SENSITIVE SENSOR
- ELECTIONIC EYE using electromagnetic wave
- ALL WEATHER OPERATION under cloud and rain
- DAY OR NIGHT OPERATION
- FINE RANGE , ANGLE, DOPPLER MEASUREMENT
- RADAR IMAGING AND IDENTIFICATION
DUAL USE TECHNOLOGY:CIVIL & MIL
- AIR TRAFFIC SAFETY CONTROL AND NAVIGATION
- AIR DEFENSE AND FIRE CONTROL
- SURVEILLANCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
RSP Lab
RADAR HISTORY
- 1886 : Heinrich Hertz`s Demonstration of Radio Wave
- 1920`s : AIRCRAFT (BOMBER) Detection and Early Warning
- 1930`s : BISTATIC CW RADAR
- 1940`s : MONOSTATIC PULSE RADAR
- 1950`s : PULSED DOPPLER RADAR-Signal Processing Concept
- 1960`s : PHASED ARRAY RADAR
- 1970`s : DIGITAL MTI AND IMAGEING RADAR
- 1980`s : SAR AND OTH-RADAR
- 1990`s : SENSITIVE AND MULTIFUNCTION RADAR (PATRIOT)
- 2000`s : SPACE BONRNE RADAT(SIR-E/SRTM)
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
RSP Lab
RADAR CLASSIFICATIONS
- RANGE
: SHORT, MIDEUM, LONG RANGE
- FUNCTION
: SURVEILLANCE, TRACKING
- INFORMATION : 1D, 2D, 3D, 4D, IMAGE(SAR)
- OBJECT : A/C, SHIP, MISSILE, VEHICLE, WEATHER
- FREQUENCY
: HF, UHF, L, S, C, X, Ku, Millimeter
- PROCESSING : MTI, PULSE, DOPPLER, LPI, SAR
- PRF
: LPRF, MPRF, HPRF
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
RSP Lab
Sensor System
영상정보
(SAR, E-O,사진)
잠수함
음향정보
(능동,수동)
해저
항공기,
비행정
RPV
헬기
수집
전파
표적정보
(레이더)
지상
사용
보고체계
지형
정보
위성
지상수신소(데이터링크)
함정
처리,저장,도시,
시뮬레이션
신호정보
(통신,전자)
분석
음향
신호
영상
표적위치,이동,식별
해저지형지물
위치,주파수,
암호,*PRF
표적위치,
정보 레이더
이동,식별
융합
표적
지형지물
(음향,
정보
영상
위치결정,
영상,
표적위치,
정보 신호
속성판독
신호,
속도,방향
정보 음향 정보 표적,
식별
정보 전송망
지형)
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
Radar - Environment
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
RADAR REQUIREMENTS
⑴ DETECTION - HIGH S/N ENHANCES DETECTABILITY
AS WELL AS ACCURACY
⑵ ACCURACY - RANGE, HEIGHT, PLAN POSITION OR
AZIMUTH AS FUNCTIONS OF RANGE
⑶ RESOLUTION - FUNCTION OF BANDWIDTH FOR RANGE,
BEAMWIDTH FOR ANGLE AND DWELL TIME
FOR VELOCITY
⑷ CLUTTER REJECTION - EQUIPMENT STABILITY,
WAVEFORM, SIGNAL PROCESSOR
* ANTI-JAMMING, ECCM, STEALTHY
- ADVANCED WAVEFORM, PROCESSING
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
RSP Lab
WHAT CAN A RADAR MEASURE?
․ RANGE - MEASURED BY TIME
c=VELOCITY OF LIGHT
cT
R
2
․ ANGLE - MEASURE BY ANTENNA BEAM POINTING
․ RANGE RATE - MEASURE BY DOPPLER FREQUENCY OFFSET
2 VFt
2V
fd 

λ
c
  ΔR
R
Δt
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
RSP Lab
PHYSICAL RESOLUTION CELL
․RANGE
(A/D SAMPLING PERIOD)
PW=PULSE WIDTH
․ANGLE
(BEAMWIDTH)
․DOPPLER FREQUENCY
(DOPPLER FILTER)
DWELL TIME
= TIME OF ENERGY
TRANSMISSION
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
RSP Lab
Radar Design Procedure
Mission Analysis

Sensor Requirement

Sensor Design

System Parameters

Weight, Volume,
Size, Power, Reliability

Subsystem/module
Parts/ SW design
• Environmental limits
• Applicable technology & components
limits
* Radar frequency selection
* mechanical or electrical scan Ant.
* Choice of Polalization
* Radar waveform
* Type of processing : MTI or
pulse Doppler MTD
* Transmitting power :Tube/MPM or
Solid-state
Implementation
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
Radar Range Equation
 R max
A
E
G
4
 E A
E   D , A   D
E
 G
4 D A D E

2

Hankuk Aviation Univ.
PR 

A
4 A e

 Pt G 2 2

2
 4  Smin
2



1
4
PT G TA E
4 2 R 4
K R
R 4LA
where K R 
PT G T A E
4 2 LS
LS  radar system loss
L A  propagatio n path loss
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
Radar Equation – Point Target
if the losses in system LS
in propargati on L A
in multiple signal paths LGP
then
PR
PT G 2 2

PI (4 ) 3 R 4 LS LA LGP PI
 S

PT G 2 2
 


N (4 ) 3 K T B F L R 4 
0


For the multiple pulse having
processing gain GP and noise power within the radar .
PNi  K T0 B F  PI
2 2
P
G
  GP
T
S 
N (4 ) 3 R 4 K T B F L L L
0
S A GP
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
Losses in Radar Equation
ⓐ System losses within the radar system
L PL  plumbing loss  wave guide,
L LIM  limiting loss
L PO  polarizati on loss,
L C  collapsing loss
L AP  ant. pattern loss, scan loss,
L OP  operator loss
L PW  pulse width loss,
L NE  non  ideal equipment loss
LSQ  squint loss
ⓑ Propagation medium loss
L rain  K rain r R (dB)
: due to rainfall
K rain  rainfall attenuatio n factor  0.0013 f GHz
where
2
r  rainfall rate (mm hr )
R  range in nmi
 snow 
0.00188 r1.6
4

0.00119 r dB
Hankuk Aviation Univ.

nmi
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
Atmospheric Absorption of MW
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
Radar Eq. For Volume Target
The received power from one hit from volume target,
PVC
PT G 2 4  c

32(4 ) 2 R 2 LS L A B D eff ( AZ) D eff ( EL)
Finally ,
S
S
CV
CV


PSIG 2  B D eff ( AZ) D eff ( EL)

(one hit )
2 2
PVC
4 c  R
2  B D eff ( AZ) D eff ( EL) MTI  I V
4 c 2 R 2
where
(multiple hits )
MTI  I V  MTI improvemen t factor for volume clutter
Summary :
2 2
P
G

T
Point target  S 
N (4 ) 3 R 4 KT BFL
e
Area target
2 3
P
G

T
 S 
N (4 ) 3 R 3 KT2BFLD D cos
AZ EL
G
Volume target  S
PT G 2 4 

N 32(4 ) 2 R 2 LB D D
AZ
EL
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
Pulse Doppler RADAR
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
RADAR PULSE - PRF
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
RADAR PULSE SPECTRUM
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
Radar Signal Processing – Concept
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
Radar Clutter Type
 Land
 mountains
 woods
 vegetated
farmland
 desert
 SEA
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
 Weather
 rain
 snow
 Chaff
 Dust storm
 Moving vehicles
 Birds
 Insects
 Angles
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
RSP Lab
Clutter Environmental Characteristics
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
RSP Lab
Clutter Radial Velocity Characteristics
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
RSP Lab
Clutter Spectrum Characteristics
* Responce of a double canceller MTI to ground, rain, and chaff clitter
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
RSP Lab
Delay Line Canceller - MTI
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
RSP Lab
Radar Waveform Ambiguity
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
High Resolution Radar
RAR – real aperture radar
SAR – enhanced cross-range resolution by moving the
ant. radar moves rapidly by A/C or Sat (SAR)
ISAR – radar is stationary, target moves rapidly
useful in formation of a/c, & analyzing the
scattering of targets to reduce their reflectivity.
DBS – Doppler Beam Sharpening
Doppler resolution : ability to separate targets
at the same range, azimuth, & elevation,
moving at different radial velocities.
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
Radar Frequency Band
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
Typical Weather Radar Spec.
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
RSP Lab
NEXRAD WSR-88D Radar Spec.
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
RSP Lab
Terminal Doppler Weather Radar Spec.
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
RSP Lab
Current Radar Technology
1) Radar Environment:
Propagation
Target Characteristics, Clutter Characteristics
Computer Modeling
2) Radar Systems:
Military Radar (airborne or space based)
Surveillance, Tracking
Reconnaissance Seekers
Multi-function Radar
Remote Sensing – Imaging Radar
Active Arrays,
Conformal Antennas
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
Current Radar Technology
3) Advanced Sub-Systems:
Antennas , Transmitters/Receivers
Signal Processing , Data Processing
T/R Modules , ADC Technology
4) ECCM Techniques
Anti-jam Techniques
Jamming Effectiveness
LPI Techniques
Design for Low RCS
Active and Passive Radar Decoys
ESM Techniques
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
Current Radar Technology
5) Processing Techniques:
Space-time Adaptive Processing
CFAR Detection Techniques
MTI/MTD
SAR/ISAR Processing , Interferometry
Target Classification, Radar Data Fusion
Polarimetric Techniques
Waveform Design
Fusion with other Sensors
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
Emerging Radar Technology
Ultra-wideband Radar
Laser Radar, Optical Signal Processing/Photonics
Microwave and Millimetric Radiometry
SDR – Software Defined Radar
COTS Technologies
Radar Networks
Computer Modelling and Simulation
Performance Prediction of Radar Systems
Computer Modelling for Design
Scenario/Engagement Modelling for EW
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
Dual-Use Radar Technology
Weather Radar
Automotive Radar
Detection of Mines and other Buried Objects
Perimeter or Border Security
Air Traffic Monitoring and Control
Airport Surveillance
HF Radar
Meterological Radars
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY IN RADAR
ADVANTAGES:
- POTENTIAL TO PERFORMING ALL RADAR PROCESSING
FUNCTION IN REAL-TIME
- MORE INTELLIGENT, STABLE, MODULAR, VERSATILE,
PROGRAMMABLE FEATURES
DEVICE TREND:
- VLSI, VHSIC, VHPIC, ASIC
- GaAs GIGAHERTZ LOGIC
- FAST MEMORY AND ECL GATE ARRAY
- ULTRA HIGH SPEED A/D AND D/A
- PROGRAMMABLE GIGAFLOP DSP(COTS)
- NEW ALGORITHM BASED ARCHITECTURE
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
ADVANCED RADAR TECHIQUE
- MULTI-MODE SIGNAL PROCESSING
- GIGA-FLOPS VHSIC/VHPIC
- ADAPTIVE ARRAY AND ECCM
- ISAR AND IMAGING
- LPI AND ANTI-ARM
- ANTI-STEALTH
- ADAPTABILITY
- HIGH DIRECTIVITY AND HIGH RESOLUTION
- MULTI-DIMENSIONAL PROCESSING
- TARGET CLASSIFICATION AND IDENTIFICATION
- FIELDABILITY
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
Airborne Radar
Applications
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
Spaceborne SAR
Applications
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
Why Spaceborne SAR
 Periodic Update Over Wide Area
 Global Coverage, Legal Access
 All Weather, Day or Night
 Right Time, Right Access
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
SAR Sensor
All Weather, Day or Night Imaging Sensor
Spaceborne SAR
600-800 km
Prob. Of Cloud [%]
100
80
60
40
20
0
12-2 3-5
6-8
9-11
Prob. of Cloud in K. Peninsula
10-20 km
Airborne SAR
UAV SAR
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
History of SAR (I)
1988 : Generation of Electomagnetic Wave by Hertz
1903 : Ship collision avoidance radar by Hulsmeyer, Germany
1922 : Radar detection and tracking of ship by Marconi, Italy
First CW radar system by A.H. Taylor, NRL, USA
1934 : First airborne radar system ny R.M.Page, NRL, USA
Radar systems for tracking & detection of aircraft by UK, Ger.
1945 : First operational system during Word War II, USA, UK, Ger.
1951 : Principles of SAR by Carl Wiley, Goodyear Aircraft Co., USA
“ The reflections from two fixed targets at an angular
separation relative to the velocity vector could be resolved by
Doppler frequency analysis of the along-track spectrum”
1953 : First focused strip map SAR by University of Illinois
1958 : Operational airborne SAR, University of Michigan (ERIM)
1964 : Single polarized X band SAR by ERIM
1974 : L band SAR system by JPL, NASA
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
History of SAR (II)
Spaceborne SAR
1962 : First L band Lunar sounding radar in the four rocket experiment at the
White Sand, New Mexico, JPL, NASA
1975 : Approval of Seasat mission, JPL/ NASA, ERIM
1978 : Seasat – First spaceborne SAR by NASA (100 days mission–power failure)
1981 : SIR-A Shuttle Imaging Radar A
1984 : SIR-B
1993, 1994 : SIR-C/X
Planetary Radar/SAR
1967 : Map of Venus using radar interferometry, NASA
1972 : Venus Orbiting Imaging Radar (VOIR) using SAR, USA
1982 : Modified VOIR – Venus Radar Mapper renamed Magellan, USA
1983 : Venera 16 – Mission to Venus, USSR
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
Radar and SAR ?
Radar : RAdio Detection And Ranging:
- Target information on presence, position, velocity, tracking
RAR : Real Aperture Radar : coarse image
- Possible to achieve fine resolution in range direction,
- Targets in azimuth beam can not be resolved precisely (DBS)
SAR : Synthetic Aperture Radar : fine imaging
- Fine resolution in both range and azimuth directions precisely
can be achieved , independent of detection range.
ISAR : Inverse SAR fine target signature
Resolution Example : RAR
Case 1 : C-band(5.3GHz) Airborne flying at 1km altitude,
10 m antenna long, 5km slant range --> 30m
Case 2 : C-band(5.3GHz) Spaceborne ERS at 800km altitude
10 m antenna long, 900 km slant range --> 5 km
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
SAR – Synthetic Principle
RAR
SAR
Synthesized Antenna Length
Dsyn
Antenna Length D
d  R/D
d D/2
Beamwidth
Beamwidth
Point
Resolution
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
– Range
Image
dr

c /2B sin ( Wide Bandwidth )
– Azimuth d  R/ Dsyn (Beam Synthesis )
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
Spaceborne SAR Technology Trend
SIR-C/X
Radarsat
System Trend :
Faster, Better,
Smaller, Cheaper
(소형, 경량, 저가, 고성능)
Seasat
Technology Trend :
 대형
 고가
-
L/C/X 밴드
해상도 : 25m
우주왕복선 탑재
1981/84/94, NASA
ERS-1
- C 밴드, 빔조향
- 해상도 : 10m
- 1995 / 2001, CSA
JERS-1
Multi-Frequency
Multi-Polarization
High Resolution
On-board Processing
Light SAR
ROK-SAR
- L 밴드, 고정빔
- 해상도 : 25m
- 1978, USA
- C 밴드, 고정빔
- 해상도 : 25m
- 1991/95, ESA
1980
1990
Hankuk Aviation
Univ.
- L 밴드, 고정빔
- 해상도 : 18m
- 1992, NASDA
1995
- L 밴드, 빔조향
- 해상도 : 3m급
- 2002, NASA
- X 밴드, 전자빔 조향
- 고해상도
- 200?, ROK
(년도)
2000
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
Spaceborne SAR system
항목
장비명
ERS-1/2
ALMAZ-1
Radarsat I
LACROSSE
PALSAR
LightSAR
해상도(m)
25
15
10-100
1-2
10-100
3-100
관측폭(km)
100
20-45
50-500
-
70-250
15-250
임무고도(km)
785
280
792
500-700
700
600
주파수
C
S
C
X
L
L
편파
V V
H H
H H
-
Full
Full
입사각(도)
24
30-60
17-50
-
20-55
20-52
발사/수명
91&95/3
91 / 2.5
95/ 5
88,91,97/5
‘02 /3-5
‘02/ 5
운용목적
과학탐사
과학탐사
상용
정찰용
정찰, 상용
민수용
러시아
캐나다
미국
일본
미국
형상
보유국가
유럽
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
SEASAT: First Spaceborne SAR (NASA, USA)
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
ERS –1/2 European Remote Sensing Sat. (ESA)
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
PALSAR – Phased Array L-band SAR (2002, Japan)
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
Radarsat-2: Canadian SAR Satellite(2002, CSA)
주관 : CSA, MDA (캐나다)
발사 : 2003 예정
임무 : Radarsat-1 후속 운용, 수명7년
센서 : C-밴드 SAR, Full Polarization
12-100MHz Bandwidth
200Gbit SSR, 400Mbps
2x105Mbps 데이터 링크
안테나 : 15 x 1.4m, TR module (750kg)
관측범위 : 10km - 500km
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Beam mode
Standard
Wide
Fine
ScanSAR
coverage
100km
150km
50km
500km
Resolution
25x28m
25x28m
10x9m
100x100m
Polarimetry Std QP
Fine QP
Single Pol Ultra fine
25km
25km
20km
25x28m
11x9m
3x3m
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
Lacrosse : Reconnaissance SAR (USA)
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) – NASA, USA
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission)
주관 : NASA/JPL, NIMA, DLR(미국, 독일)
발사 : 2000. 2. 11 17:43 GMT
임무시간 : 11일 5시간 38분
임무 : Global DTM 3차원 맵(Interferometry)
60m baseline 안테나 마스터 설치
관측범위 : 북위 +60 ~ -56도, 225km swath
센서 : C-band, X-band SAR
고도정확도 : 20m(수평), 10m(수직)
성과 : 지구표면의 80% DEM자료 획득
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
SAR Frequency Characteristics
100 m
수분
함류량
(%)
Dry
10 m
Sand and
Very Poor
Soils
Soils
Average
Moist
Loams
Very
Wet
Soils
Skin Depth
Dry
1m
10 cm
0
1-2
2-10
10 mm
10-20
Sea Water
1 mm
10 8
10 9
L
BAND
1.0
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
0.3
10
주파수, Hz
0.1
파장, m
1011
10
C
X
0.03
0.01
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
SAR Sensor 특성
전자파 투과특성
전천후/야간 감시
< 영국남부 해안 지역 >
전자파 반사특성
영상 해상도
해상도 이하의 표적탐지
철 구조물 반사
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
은폐물 투과 특성
숲 투과/도로 탐지
구름 투과 (SAR 영상)
광학 영상
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
SAR/EO Image Comparison
EO 영상
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
미국 워싱턴 공항 지역
SAR 영상
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
SAR Operational Concept
영상획득
임무관제소
자료전송
명령 전송
지상수신처리소
임무 관제
자료수신처리
환경오염
해난사고
기름유출
국경감시
우선
임무
긴급
임무
위기감시
긴급정찰
재난감시
표적감시
평시임무
자원관리/국토개발
농작물/산림분포
해안선감시
임무계획 수립
영상획득요구
영상정보처리
영상정보
영상 소요자
정보 분석/전파
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
SAR Applications
민수응용 분야
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자연재해 감시
공해/환경 감시
자원 관리
해안 감시
농업/산림 분포
군사응용 분야
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




국경지역 감시
군사시설 탐지
군사 표적 이동
함정/선박 탐지
표적 식별
입체지도 작성
과학응용 분야
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지표면 탐사
지도 작성
생태계 연구
산림황폐화 연구
해양 연구
영상 레이다는 범 국가적인 민군 겸용의 광범위한 응용분야
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
SAR Applications – Typical Example
•
위기감시/환경감시
– 홍수/태풍/산불
– 환경오염/해양오염
Copyright ESA
<강변의 홍수지역, ERS 영상>
•
Copyright CSA
<해안기름 유출, RADARSAT 영상>
국토개발/자원관리
– 농작물/산림 분포 분석
– 광산 개발/지질 탐사
CopyrightADD
<농작물 작황분석, ERS 영상>
Copyright ADD
<미국의 지진지역, ERS 영상>
< 영국해안의 조수변화, ERS 영상 >
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
<영국의 광산지역, ERS 영상>
Copyright ADD
<브라질 산림벌목, ERS 영상>
Copyright ADD
< 서울, Radarsat 영상 >
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
ROK-SAR System Configuration
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
SAR Image Application - Seoul
Radarsat 영상
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획득일시: 1997/12/08 18:36
빔 모 드: Fine 5
입 사 각: 46.357º
해 상 도: 9m
화소크기: 6.25m x 6.25m
SAR
입체영상(Stereo)
처리
– SAR 위성간섭영상
(Interferometry) 처리
– 표적변화/탐지
– 표적 식별/분류
– Geometric 교정
– Radiometric 교정
– Geocoding
– 영상 Masaicking
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab
SAR Stereo Image
 Radarsat 영상(F1, F5)을
입체처리하여 생성한
수지표고모델(DEM)을 3차원으로
구성하고 정사영상(ORI)을 그위에
표현(3차원 원근도시법)
 상대고도 정확도 : 10m 정도
Antenna 1
Antenna 2
SAME SIDE
Antenna 1
Antenna 2
OPPOSITE SIDE
3차원 지형도시 (서울 관악산)
Hankuk Aviation Univ.
영상획득을 위한 Geometry
Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab