Cell Structure and Organization
5.1 Cell theory and size
What is a cell?



Smallest unit of living matter
First discovered in 1700s with
microscope
Cell theory




All organisms are made of cells
Cells are the smallest unit of living
matter
Cells come from pre-existing cells
Cells are self-reproducing
Why are cells so small?



Surface area
Volume
Ratio determines
ability of substances
to enter cell

Need high SA to vol.
ratio
Cell Structure and Organization
5.2 Prokaryotic cells
What is a prokaryotic cell again?
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


Pro = _______
Karyo = ________
Eu = ________
Prokaryotes include


Archeae
Bacteria
What is inside a bacterial cell—1?


No true organelles
Cell envelope

Cell wall


Peptidoglycan
Plasma membrane

Mesosomes


Where most metabolic activities occur
Glycocalyx

Capsule
What is inside a bacterial cell—2?

Cytoplasm

Nucleoid region



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
Circular chromosome
anchored to _____
Plasmids
Ribosomes
Inclusion bodies
Thylakoids
(cyanobacteria)
Appendages



Fimbriae
Flagella
Sex pili
What’s different inside an Archeae cell?


More cell shape
diversity
No peptidoglycan
in cell wall


Other similar
molecules
Most likely
ancestor for
eukaryotes
Cell Structure and Organization
5.3 Eukaryotic cells
What distinguishes eukaryotes from prokaryotes?

Eukaryotes


Nucleus
True organelles


Compartmentalization



Membrane bound
Keeps incompatible rxns separate
Increases efficiency of rxns
Derived from prokaryotic
ancestor

Endosymbiotic hypothesis
What organelles are found in eukaryotes?
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

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

Nucleus
Mitochondria
Endomembrane
system
Lysosomes
Peroxisomes
vesicles and
vacuoles
Choloroplast
(only in plant
cells)
What other structures are found in eukaryotes?


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
Ribosome
Cytoskeleton
Centriole
Cilia and
flagella
What is the nucleus composed of?


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Chromatin
Chromosomes
Nucleoplasm
Nuclear envelope
Nucleotides
Nuclear pore
What is the mitochondria composed of?



Inner and outer
membrane
Cristae
Matrix
What are lysosome, peroxisomes ,veiscles and
vacuoles?

Lysosomses


Peroxisomes



Specialized
Peroxides
Vesicles


recycling system
Membraneous sacs
Vacuoles

Larger than vesicles
What is the endomembrane system?

Parts





Nuclear
envelope
ER
Golgi
vesicles
Secretory
pathway
hypothesis

Describes
production,
packaging and
export of
proteins
What are ribosomes?



Protein synthesis
Two sub-units
Differ in ‘s’ value

collect, package, and
distribute molecules
synthesized at one
location in the cell
and utilized at
another location
What kind of Cytoskeleton are present in the
cell?




actin filaments
intermediate filaments
microtubules
Functions:




cell shape
cell movement
transport of materials
anchoring organelles
What are cilia and flagella?

Cilia



Flagella

Whiplike
One or two

9 + 2 pattern


Hairlike
many
Functions:
 movement