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有機發光二極體
Organic Light-Emitting Diodes
講師 : 侯政杰
2014/05/09
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Outline
Organic Light-Emitting Diodes
 Motivation
 How OLED works
 Types of OLEDs
 Advantages and Challenges
 Current and Future Applications
OLED Display and OLED Lighting Technology and Market Forecast
OLED Display
 New OLED Display Products
 Technology Challenges and New Progress
 OLED Suppliers and New Fab Activities
 Past 11 Years
 Future 7 Years
OLED Lighting
 Market Drivers
 OLED Lighting Challenges
 OLED Lighting Market Forecast
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41 in Samsung Prototype
Motivation
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How OLED Works
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Cathode
Emissive Layer
Conductive Layer
Anode
Substrate
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How OLED Works
1.
2.
3.
Voltage applied across Cathode and
Anode
1.
Typically 2V-10V
Current flows from cathode to anode
1.
Electrons flow to emissive layer
2.
Electrons removed from conductive
layer leaving holes
3.
Holes jump into emissive layer
Electron and hole combine and light
emitted
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How OLED Works
• Different Colors
– type of organic molecule
in the emissive layer
– 3 molecules used -RGB
• Intensity/brightness
– amount of current
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Types of OLEDs
Passive-matrix OLED
Active-matrix OLED
Transparent OLED
Top-emitting OLED
Flexible OLED
White OLED
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Passive-Matrix OLED
(PMOLED)
• Perpendicular
cathode/anode strip
orientation
• Light emitted at intersection
(pixels)
• External circuitry
– Turns on/off pixels
• External circuitry
• Large power consumption
– Used on 1-3 inch screens
– Alphanumeric displays
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Active-Matrix OLED
(AMOLED)
• Full layers of cathode, anode,
organic molecules
• Thin Film Transistor matrix
(TFT) on top of anode
– Internal circuitry to
determine which pixels to
turn on/off
• Less power consumed then
PMOLED
– Used for larger displays
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Transparent OLED
TOLED
• Transparent substrate,
cathode and anode
• Bi-direction light
emission
• Passive or Active Matrix
OLED
• Useful for heads-up
display
– Transparent projector
screen
– glasses
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Top-emitting OLED
TEOLED
• Non-transparent or
reflective substrate
• Transparent Cathode
• Used with Active
Matrix Device
• Smart card displays
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Flexible OLED
• Flexible metalic
foil or plastic
substrate
• Lightweight and
durable
• Reduce display
breaking
• Clothing OLED
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White OLED
• Emits bright white
light
• Replace fluorescent
lights
• Reduce energy
cost for lighting
• True Color
Qualities
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Cellphone backlight white OLED vs standard
LED from Organic Lighting Technologies LLC
White OLED
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OLED Advantages over LED and LCD
• Thinner, lighter and more flexible
• Plastic substrates rather then glass
• High resolution (<5um pixel size) and fast
switching (1-10um)
• Do not require backlight, light generated
• Low voltage, low power and emissive source
• Robust Design (Plastic Substrate)
• Larger sized displays
• Brighter- good daylight visibility
• Larger viewing angles -170o
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OLED Disadvantages
• Lifetime
– White, Red, Green  46,000-230,000 hours
• About 5-25 years
– Blue  14,000 hours
• About 1.6 years
• Expensive
• Susceptible to water
• Overcome multi-billion dollar LCD market
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Flexible OLEDs
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Flexible OLEDs
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OLED lighting
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OLED lighting
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OLED TV
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Transparent OLEDs
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有機發光二極體之顯示與照明技術及產業發展
OLED Display and OLED Lighting
Technology and Market Forecast
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Outline
OLED Display
New OLED Display Products
Technology Challenges and New Progress
OLED Suppliers and New Fab Activities
Past 11 Years
Future 7 Years
OLED Lighting
Market Drivers
OLED Lighting Challenges
OLED Lighting Market Forecast
Summary and Strategies
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The World’s First >100” OLED Display is Passive Matrix
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New AMOLED Products in the Market - Small Size
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New AMOLED Products in the Market - Medium/Large Size
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iPhone 4 vs. Samsung Galaxy S
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AM OLED vs. AM LCD
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Obstacles and Solutions for OLED TV
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OLED Displays Shipment Share
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AMOLED Supply and Demand
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Past 11 years
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Past 11 years
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Long-Term Annual Revenue Forecast
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AMOLED Entrance into Medium/Large Applications
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Market Drivers for OLED Lighting
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OLED Display and Lighting Differences
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OLED Lighting: Opportunity is Evolving
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OLED Lighting Market Forecast
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Summary and Business Recommendations
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