Chemistry 3A
Fall 2008
Brett Williams
Lecture: MW 6:00am-6:55 pm
in: Cunn 333
Lab: MW 7:00 pm-9:55 pm
in: Cunn 301
I can be reached by:
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E-mail: balero01@cs.com
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E-mail: bwilliams@deltacollege.edu
Course Info
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Lectures
Problem sets
Assigned homework
Quizzes
Lab exercises
Lab experiments
Worksheets
4 Exams and 1 Final Exam
Lecture
Presented on computer overheads
 Lecture notes are available
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In library (on disk)*
 By downloading files (go to Adj. Faculty Site):
www.deltacollege.edu/emp/bwilliams
 Not required, but recommended
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Lecture notes are NOT complete:
Attendance is essential to get all of the
information you need
Problem Sets
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Usually succeed the lecture
Several practice problems associated with
the current lecture topic
These handouts will be covered in class
Problems are to assist you with homework
assignments
Not collected or graded
Answers will be given or posted during
the lab period
Homework
Assigned for each chapter
 Problems are placed throughout the
chapter
 All odd numbered answers are
placed at the end of the chapter
 Not collected or graded
 Not mandatory, but if you don’t do
the HW (most likely) you won’t be
able to do well on the quizzes
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Quizzes
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Five Chapter Quizzes
 20 pts each
 No make-ups
Based on the homework assignments for
that chapter
20-30 minutes long
Given during the first hour
The best 4 of 5 chapter quizzes are used in
your total score
Two nomenclature quizzes for Chapter 5
Other Lab Assignments
 Lab
Exercises: From your
laboratory textbook (graded)
 Worksheets: To be completed
during lab period (to help prepare
for exams)
Experiments
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10 experiments
20 Points Each
 Labs are due in one week (i.e. If the lab
is done in class on Monday, the lab
report is due the following Monday)
 60 % rule: Must meet this minimum
score in lab to pass the course.
No exceptions
 The best 9 of 10 expt’s are used in your
total score
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Exams
 Four
Exams
Based
on the chapters which
are listed in the syllabus
100 points each
All exams count in total score
Time: 2 hours to complete
Final Exam
 Monday,
2
Dec
th
15
at 6 PM
Hours
 Cumulative Exam
 200 points
Grading Scale
(Based on 1000 possible points)
90.0 - 100 %
75.0 - 89.9 %
60.0 - 74.9 %
50.0 - 59.9%
< 50.0 %
A
B
C
D
F
Required Materials
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Textbook: Basic Chemistry, 2nd ed. by
Timberlake & Timberlake
Laboratory Manual: Foundations of
Chemistry in the Laboratory, 12th ed. by
M. Hein, et al
Calculator
Safety Goggles & Lock
Laboratory Policy
No one may participate in lab wearing
open toe / heel shoes. Watch what
you wear on lab days. If you have
inappropriate attire, you will NOT be
allowed to complete the lab
 Goggles must be worn during all lab
experiments
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Chapter 1
Chemistry In
Our Lives
Chemistry and Chemicals
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Chemistry
 The study of the properties and the
behavior of matter
 Composition, structure, and reactions
All things around you are composed of
matter
Chemistry occurs around you everyday
and affects everything you use and do.
It helps us to understand our world and
how it works
Chemistry and Chemicals
Chemical processes occur in nature
and happen around you all of the time
 Chemistry (reactions) occurs when
 food is cooked or baked
 chlorine is added to a pool
 batteries are used in a flashlight/radio
 salt is added to sidewalks and roads
 bleach is added to laundry
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Chemical Processes
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In nature
 fermentation by microbes which
converts sugars to alcohols
 photosynthesis by plants to convert
sunlight energy into chemical energy
 leaves changing color due to the
interaction of different pigments
Chemical Processes
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In laboratories and in manufacturing
 gasoline refining (distillation)
 development of synthetic fibers (nylon,
dacron)
 new pharmaceuticals (design and
synthesis)
 water purification (water softening)
 agriculture/food production (pesticides,
fungicides, herbicides)
Chemistry and Chemicals
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Everything around you is composed of chemicals
A chemical is a material used or produced in a
chemical process (laboratory, manufacturing or
natural).
A substance is a chemical that consists of one type
of matter
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It consists of two or more bound elements in a fixed
ratio
Same composition and properties throughout
Substances that were developed by chemists are in
use everyday
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Soaps, toothpaste, lotion, clothing
Scientific Disciplines
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Science is the study in which humans
attempt to explain knowledge about
themselves and their surroundings
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Facts are organized and explained, in a
systematic and logical manner
It is an attempt to understand (better)
how nature works
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Through observation of physical evidence
(phenomena)
Experiments to simulate events under
controlled conditions
Scientific Discipline
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Science covers an
enormous range of
accumulated
information which is
divided into branches
called scientific
disciplines
Chemistry is one of
the branches of
science (botany,
geology, physics,
zoology)
Scientific Method
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Most scientific and technological advances are
through the use of experimentation as a method
of problem-solving
In general, no two scientist will approach a
problem exactly in the same manner
There are guidelines for the practice of
science to achieve systematic
experimentation: The Scientific Method
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Scientific Method: A set of procedures (steps)
used to acquire knowledge and explain an
observable fact
Scientific Method
The scientific method process (steps):
1) Observations: Identify the problem and
plan procedures to obtain information
 Collect Data: Observe, describe, and take
measurements (data)
 Organize data to find patterns in the
information
2) Once sufficient data is collected, form a
hypothesis
 A hypothesis is a possible model or statement
that offers an explanation for the observations
Hypothesis, Theory, Law
3) Experiments: A well-defined, controlled
procedure to obtain information
 To validate the hypothesis perform more
experiments
 If an experiment is performed under exactly the
same conditions, the same results (facts) should
occur
 If results are different than predicted, modify or
propose a new hypothesis
4) Theory
 A hypothesis that has been tested and validated over
a long period of time
 Hypothesis evolves to theory if experiments are
repeated and confirm the hypothesis
Hypothesis, Theory, Law
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If after extensive testing
the reliability of a
hypothesis become very
high, it will evolve to a
theory
A theory allows a scientist
to predict the outcome of
proposed experiments
If results of future
experiments conflict with
the current theory it must
either be modified,
restated, or even
replaced
Hypothesis, Theory, Law
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After determining what facts are known about
a selected problem, more experimentation is
performed to obtain more information
More facts are obtained. Look for repeating
patterns among the collected facts
If a large number of facts are tied together, it
can eventually lead to a single generalized
statement
Law: A concise, verbal statement that
summarizes facts about a natural
phenomena
Using the Scientific Method
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In Summary:
Identify the problem and plan procedures to obtain
information
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Collect data through observation and experimentation
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Qualitative: Do not involve a number
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Quantitative: Involve measurements
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Analyze and organize the data to summarize
observations (form generalizations)
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Suggest probable explanations (form a hypothesis)
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Experiment further to prove or disprove the proposed
explanations
Benefits to Studying Chemistry
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To further understand our world and its impact on our
daily living (health care, natural resources,
environmental protection, food supply)
Provides insight into other areas of modern science
and technology
Learn Problem-Solving Skills
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The ability to solve complicated chemistry
problems can be applied to other types of
problem-solving
Help you develop a systematic approach to scientific
thought (logical, analytical)
 Enhances your ability to predict future events
based on patterns of behavior
Learning Chemistry
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Learn the terms (vocabulary)
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Some memorization is required
Use Active Learning: Read the text, attend
lecture and practice “problem solving”
 Problem solving will include study checks,
sample problems, and questions and
problems
 Class: Problem sets, exercises
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Learning Chemistry
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Develop your own study plan
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Do the recommended problems
Your confidence and problem solving skills
are enhanced through repetition
Don’t expect to “get it” the first time you
see it
Read the text, come to class
Ask questions
Homework
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“Sample problems”
1.1 and 1.2
“Study checks, succeed all sample problems”
“Questions and Problems”
1.11, 1.13, 1.17
“Understanding the Concepts”
1.19, 1.21
“Additional Questions and Problems”
1.23, 1.25, 1.27
“Challenge Questions”
1.29