PROPERTIES OF
MATTER
Chemistry IA
Mrs. Murray
WHAT PROPERTIES COULD YOU
USE TO DESCRIBE MATERIALS?
 Rubber
band
 Pencil
 Wire
 Paper
 Toothpick
clip
 Cotton
filler
CLASSIFYING MATTER



Remember… matter is anything that has
mass and takes up space
Pure substances – aka substances
- every sample has the same properties b/c a
substance has a fixed, uniform composition
Element – substance that cannot be broken
down into simpler substances
- made up of atoms
LIST SOME ELEMENTS & THEIR
SYMBOLS
COMPOUND vs. MIXTURE

COMPOUND – substance made from 2 or
more simpler substances and can be
broken down into those substances
-
The simpler substances are either
elements or compounds
They are combined in a fixed proportion
Ex. SiO2
H2O
-

MIXTURE: 2 or more substances
combined but retain their own properties

Heterogeneous – not well mixed;
Ex. Sand, salsa,
-
Homogeneous – very well mixed;
- Ex. Kool-Aid, cookie dough, peanut
butter

MIXTURE
Based on the size
of its largest particles
SOLUTION
SUSPENSION
COLLOID
SOLUTIONS
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When one substance dissolves in another
It forms a homogeneous mixture
Particles are very tiny
Examples:
sugar water
windshield fluid
tap water
any others?
SUSPENSIONS



A heterogeneous mixture that settles into
layers
Can filter out the particles b/c they are large
Examples:
- muddy water
- dust in the air
COLLOID


Mixture that has particles that are in between
tiny and large
Examples:
homogenized milk
fog
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Any characteristic of a material that can be
observed or measured without changing the
composition
-
Viscosity
Conductivity
Malleability
Hardness
-
-
- Melting point
- Boiling point
- Density
DEFINITIONS
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VISCOSITY: resistance to flow
CONDUCTIVITY: ability to allow heat to flow
MALLEABILITY: ability of a solid to be
hammered w/o shattering
HARDNESS: can one scratch the other?
MELTING & BOILING
DENSITY
PHYSICAL CHANGE


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-
-
When some of the properties of a material
change but the substances in the material
remain the same
Usually reversible
EXAMPLES
Phase changes
- Cutting
Tearing
- Braiding
Ironing clothes
- Dissolving
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Ability to produce a change in the
composition of material

FLAMMABILITY: ability to burn in
presence of oxygen

REACTIVITY: how readily a substance
combines chemically
HOW DO YOU KNOW?

EVIDENCE!

Change in color

Production of gas

Production of heat, light, or sound

Formation of precipitate
( solid that forms & separates a liquid mixture)
PHYSICAL


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NO new substances
made
Can be reversed
Changes in state
Changes in size or
shape
CHEMICAL

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Makes new substances
Not reversible
Temp changes
Gas formed
Color change
Precipitate