14/15 Academic Year
Energy
(TKK-2129)
Instructor: Rama Oktavian
Email: rama.oktavian86@gmail.com
Office Hr.: M - F.13-15,
oktavianrama.lecture.ub.ac.id
Outlines
1. Energy situation
2. Energy source
3. Energy and society
4. Energy conversion and efficiency
Energy situation
Energy vocabulary and information literacy
Energy has its own vocabulary.
“Energy” and “Power” are often used interchangeably, but they
mean slightly different things.
What’s the difference between “Energy” and “Power”?
Energy: quantity
Ability to do work
Power: rate
Work over time
Energy situation
Energy units
Energy has many units.
Energy situation
Power
Power is a Rate of Energy
Power: work performed over a period of time
‣Or energy produced over a period of time
‣Or energy consumed over a period of time
‣It’s a “rate” not a quantity
Energy situation
Power
Power is a Rate of Energy
Units:
‣Watt (W, kW, MW, GW,…)
‣Horsepower
•Power density: W/m2
‣Heat flux density, irradiance,…
Energy situation
Energy = Power × Time
•A light bulb consumes energy at a rate of 100 W
•Its instantaneous power consumption is 100 W
•After 1 hour, it has consumed 100 Wh or 0.1 kWh
•After 10 hours, it has consumed 1 kWh
Energy situation
Energy = Power × Time
•Example: A nuclear plant has a power capacity
of 1 GW
‣After 1 hour, generates 1 GWh of electricity
‣After 1 year, generates 8,760 GWh of electricity
‣NOTE: 8,760 hours per year
•Converting from GWh to kWh
‣1 GWh = 1 million kWh
‣Total U.S. electricity in 2011: 4,000 billion kWh
Energy situation
Energy notation
Energy situation
Energy notation
•MW = megaWatts = 1 million watts
•MMBTU = million BTU = thousand, thousand BTU
•MMBD = million barrels per day = thousand, thousand barrels per day
‣also sometimes noted “mbd”
‣BOE = “barrel of energy” or “barrel of oil equivalent”
‣MMBDOE = million barrels per day of oil equivalent (an amount of
energy)
Energy situation
Energy notation for natural gas
•The energy content of 1,000 SCF of
natural gas is approximately 1 million BTU
‣SCF = standard cubic foot
‣MCF = thousand cubic feet (also “mcf” or “Mcf” or “mil”)
‣1,028 BTU per cubic foot
‣1,000 SCF = 1 MCF = 1.028 MMBTU
•Price is often given in MCF or MMBTU
Energy situation
Energy conversion: Tons
•A ton is about a tonne
•English system:
‣Ton = dry ton = short ton = 2000 lbs
•Metric/SI system:
‣Tonne = metric ton = metric tonne = MT = 1,000 kg
•1 kg = 2.2 lbs
•1 metric ton = 1000 kg = 2200 lbs = 1.1 tons
•1 metric ton = 1 tonne = 1.1 tons
‣Only wrong by 10%
Energy situation
Primary energy demand, 2035 (Mtoe)
World Energy Outlook, EIA 2013
Energy situation
2012 Worldwide Per Capita Energy Use
Source: International Energy Agency • Graphic: Michael E. Webber, The University of Texas at Austin
Energy situation
Energy situation
Energy use in Indonesia
ESDM, Indonesia Energy Outlook 2010
Energy consumption in industry sector
Energy situation
Energy use in Indonesia
ESDM, Indonesia Energy Outlook 2010
Energy consumption in household and commercial sector
Energy situation
Energy use in Indonesia
ESDM, Indonesia Energy Outlook 2010
Energy consumption in household and commercial sector
Energy source
Primary and secondary energy
Energy source
Non-renewable energy sources
ž Hydrocarbon Supplies:
—Coal
—Oil
—Natural Gas
Renewable energy sources
ž Renewable Sources
—Biomass (Wood, Corn Ethanol, etc.)
—Hydro (Dams)
—Wind
—Geothermal
—Solar
Energy source
Energy sources in Indonesia
ž Oil
Energy source
Energy sources in Indonesia
ž Oil
Energy source
Energy sources in Indonesia
Natural gas
Energy source
Energy sources in Indonesia
Natural gas
Energy source
Energy sources in Indonesia
Coal
Energy source
Energy sources in Indonesia
Coal
Energy source
Energy sources in Indonesia
Renewable energy sources in Indonesia
Energy source
Energy sources in Indonesia
Renewable energy sources in Indonesia-Geothermal
Energy source
Energy sources in Indonesia
Renewable energy sources in Indonesia-Geothermal
Energy and society
Energy flow in society
Energy and society
Energy flow in society
Energy conversion and efficiency
Energy conversion
First law of thermodynamics
•Energy is conserved: the best you can do is break even
‣Energy can be neither created nor destroyed.
‣The total energy of an isolated system remains the same.
•Energy exists in many forms
•Energy forms can be converted from one to another
Energy conversion and efficiency
Energy exists in many forms
•Mechanical (m)
‣Gravitational potential
‣Kinetic
•Thermal (t)
•Electrical (e)
•Radiant (r)
•Chemical (c)
•Atomic (a)
Energy conversion and efficiency
Example
Energy conversion and efficiency
Energy efficiency
2nd Law of Thermodynamics
Entropy
No system gives you as much back as you put in
‣Losses ALWAYS occur
Energy conversion and efficiency
Energy efficiency
•Efficiency for a process is always <1
•For a system, the overall efficiency is the product of
the individual efficiencies within the system
‣NOT the sum of efficiencies
‣NOT the average of efficiencies
•Minimizing the number of steps is beneficial
Energy conversion and efficiency
Energy efficiency