Versailles & Russia
(1917-1935)
I. WWI Ends (1914-1918)
Key Terms
A. Paris Peace Conference • Georges Clemenceau
1. Mood
• Woodrow Wilson
2. Treaty
• Versailles Treaty
II. Russia (1917-1935)
• Socialism
A. Background-terms
• Communism
B. Background-history
• Treaty of Brest
Litovsk
C. Revolution/Civil War
• Leninism
D. Lenin
• Treaty & Philosophy • Purges
• 5 Year Plan
E. Stalin
• Rise & Plan
Total Casualties In World War One
Country
Dead
Wounded
% of
Pop
Germany
2,037,000
4,207,000
3.82%
Russia
1,811,000
1,450,000
1.89%
France
1,398,000
2,000,000
4.29%
Austria-Hungary
1,100,000
3,620,000
3.05%
British Empire
921,000
2,090,000
2.19%
Turkey
804,000
400,000
13.72%
Italy
578,000
950,000
3.48%
US
114,000
206,000
.13%
Paris Peace Conference
Left to right: Lloyd George (GB), Sonnino (Italy),
Clemenceau (France), Wilson (US)
Paris Peace Conference
(1918)
• French Premier
• Goal: Punish
Germany!
Georges Clemenceau
(1841-1929)
Results Of Franco-Prussian War
(1870-1871)
1. Germany became unified as a nation.
2. France had to pay reparations of $5 billion.
3. France had to give territory of Alsace-Lorraine
to Germany.
Significance: Insured French hatred of Germany.
Paris Peace Conference
(1918)
• US President
• Goal: Peace without
“Victors” & League of
Nations
Woodrow Wilson
(1856-1924)
Versailles Treaty
(1918)
1. Germany was forced to admit sole
responsibility for causing WWI.
2. Germany was forced to pay the cost of the
war.
3. German military was dramatically reduced.
4. German Rhineland was to be a
demilitarized zone.
5. Territory of Alsace & Lorraine was returned
to France.
Definition Of Terms
Socialism
• Public (or government) ownership of all business.
Communism
• After a nation industrializes workers stage a
bloody, violent revolution.
• A police state is established to crush all
opposition and insure success of revolution.
• When ready, a “Workers Dictatorship” is
established; social classes are abolished and
people live as equals.
Russian “Backwardness”
(In 1900)
• No Enlightenment;
little Industrialization
• 75-80% of
population were
peasants in 1900
• 90% at or below
poverty in 1900
Russian village before
Revolution
WWI & Russia
• WWI was unpopular—no food &
people protested (1917).
Russia & WWI
Czar Nicholas II abdicated in 1917; later he was executed
Anastasia = Mystery
(Daughter of Czar Nicholas)
WWI & Russian Revolution—A New
Leader
• Returned to Russia
DURING WWI to lead
Revolution
• He promised: “Peace,
Land & Bread”
• Forced Russia out of WWI
Vladimir Ilich Lenin
(1870-1924)
Treaty of Brest Litovsk
(March, 1918)
1. Russia surrendered to Germany & left WWI
2. Cost: Russia lost 25% of its territory to
Germany
Significance: Increased Lenin’s popularity—because he
brought an end to WWI!
Communist Manifesto
(1848)
1. Throughout history, all societies have had
class conflict.
2. Those with power (owners) exploit workers.
3. Once a country becomes industrialized,
workers will overthrow owners in a bloody &
violent revolution.
Result: Establishment of society based on
equality.
Lenin’s Philosophy
1. Workers AND PEASANTS could unite in a
Revolution to topple the government.
2. All factories & land should be seized by this
new government.
3. In short-run, establish a Communist
Dictatorship until true Communism can be
established.
His ideas were still controversial & Russia faced
civil war from 1918-1921.
WWI & Russian Revolution
• By 1921 civil war ended & Lenin was Russia’s
leader.
• In 1924 he suffered a stroke.
Lenin’s Body
Religion = “Opiate of the masses.”
A New Leader…?
• From a poor family;
excellent organizer
• Purges: Stalin often
simply imprisoned or
executed opponents
(Trotsky)
Joseph Stalin
(1879-1953)
Cathedral of Christ the Savior
Originally built as symbol
of victory over Napoleon;
19th Century image
The old temple was
destroyed in 1931 to be
replaced with a new one.
Posters = Propaganda
Brotherhood of workers
Promotes Industrialization
Stalin’s Five Year Plan
(1928-1933)
Goal: Modernize Russia ASAP!
•
•
Industry-production increased by 400% (by 1940)
90% of farmland was “Collectivized” &
modernized to improve efficiency (by 1933)
Cost
•
•
Hundreds of thousands killed & imprisoned-many
in Siberia
Famine-7 million die in Ukraine (1932-33)
Versailles & Russia
(1917-1935)
I. WWI Ends (1914-1918)
Key Terms
A. Paris Peace Conference • Georges Clemenceau
1. Mood
• Woodrow Wilson
2. Treaty
• Versailles Treaty
II. Russia (1917-1935)
• Socialism
A. Background-terms
• Communism
B. Background-history
• Treaty of Brest
Litovsk
C. Revolution/Civil War
• Leninism
D. Lenin
• Treaty & Philosophy • Purges
• 5 Year Plan
E. Stalin
• Rise & Plan