DUSEL
(U.S. Deep Underground Science and Engineering Lab)
at the
Henderson Mine (Colorado):
Progress and Plans
Jeffrey Wilkes
U. of Washington, Seattle
Particle Astrophysics Seminar
13 Jan 2006
Henderson
Underground
Science and
Engineering
Project
http://nngroup.physics.sunysb.edu/husep/
J. Wilkes, 13 Jan '06
Outline
• The DUSEL process
– Prehistory
– Recent history
– Next steps
• DUSEL @ Henderson Mine (Colorado)
– HUSEP organization
– Henderson mine
– HUSEP proposal progress and plans
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J. Wilkes, 13 Jan '06
DUSEL: Deep Underground Science and Engineering Lab
• A long-standing dream in USA!
e.g., see
PROPOSAL FOR A NATIONAL UNDERGROUND SCIENCE FACILITY.
By Alfred K. Mann (Pennsylvania U.), Presented at Workshop on Science Underground,
Los Alamos, N. Mex., Sep 27 - Oct 1, 1982. Published in AIP Conf.Proc.96:16-36,1983
• Initiative by US National Science Foundation (NSF)
– Create a new national lab for underground science
– Supports research on physics, geology, biology (life in
extreme environment), mine/tunnel engineering
• Now pursuing the 2nd (recent) attempt to do this!
– 2003: Bahcall and Haxton led “NUSEL” process
• Conclusion: Homestake mine is best site
– But: many expressed concerns about selection process
• South Dakota government failed to act promptly – mine was
sold to company in Canada, closed, and allowed to flood!
– Estimated cost to restore = $50 million (low estimate)
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J. Wilkes, 13 Jan '06
Current DUSEL initiative
• 2003: Mike Turner becomes head of Physical
Sciences at NSF
NSF PA 03-03 - June 26, 2003
Noted Astrophysicist Michael S. Turner to Head NSF'S Mathematical and
Physical Sciences Directorate
The National Science Foundation (NSF) has named celebrated astrophysicist Michael S. Turner of
the University of Chicago as Assistant Director for Mathematical and Physical Sciences (MPS).
He will head a $1 billion directorate that supports research in mathematics, physics, chemistry,
materials and astronomy, as well as multidisciplinary programs and education.
– Strong support for making underground lab a reality
– To allow SNOlab to compete, drop the word “national”
• Deep Underground Science and Engineering Lab: DUSEL
– Defines a multi-step plan for producing consensus and
progress on site selection and science goals
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J. Wilkes, 13 Jan '06
U.S. DUSEL process now
• Solicitation 1 (2004): Define requirements for potential
underground experiments in physics, geosciences,
biology, & engineering
– 14 working groups established
– Meetings and workshops (too many!): final report due soon (!)
• Solicitation 2 (2005): Different sites respond: conceptual
designs for DUSEL
– Proposals from sites in Washington (Icicle Creek), Minnesota
(Soudan), California (San Jacinto), and several others
– Two finalists: Homestake Mine (SD) and Henderson Mine (CO)
– Funding of 0.5M$ each provided to prepare next proposal
– final choice of site in late 2006 ?
• Solicitation 3 (2006): submit construction proposals
Work on S-2 is going on NOW!
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J. Wilkes, 13 Jan '06
DUSEL Candidates: first round (2004)
Icicle Creek (Wash)
Soudan (Minn)
Sudbury (Canada)
Homestake (S.D.)
Henderson (Colo)
Kimballton (Virginia)
San Jacinto (Calif)
WIPP (N.M.)
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J. Wilkes, 13 Jan '06
DUSEL Candidates: July, 2005
Homestake
Henderson
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J. Wilkes, 13 Jan '06
Henderson Underground Science/Engineering Project
• HUSEP = Colorado site’s team
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J. Wilkes, 13 Jan '06
Henderson Mine (near Denver, Colorado USA)
Advantages of Henderson Mine as
DUSEL site:
10 miles
• Easily accessible; near expressway,
roads kept clear in winter
• Near major urban/industrial area and
airline hub
Airport
Henderson
Mine
Denver
Echo Lake
(JW’s thesis)
~60 miles
Aspen
Colorado
Springs
– < 1.5 hr drive from Denver
International Airport
– Nearby research infrastructure,
institutes and universities:
U. Colorado, NIST, Colo. State U.,
Denver U., USAFA, Colorado
College, Aspen Center for Physics
– Direct flights to cities around the
world
• Working molybdenum mine; 150M$
modernization completed in 2000
– High-speed data lines in mine
– Latest mine safety features
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J. Wilkes, 13 Jan '06
Aspen
Vail
Continental Divide
Eisenhower Tunnel
Henderson Mine
Mt. Evans/Echo Lake
US-40
Interstate-70
Denver
Idaho Springs
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J. Wilkes, 13 Jan '06
Henderson Mine - Overview
•
Owned by Climax Molybdenum Co.
•
High grade molybdenum (“moly”)
•
Major modernization 1999 (“Henderson 2000”)
–
–
–
–
Subsidiary of Phelps Dodge
Operating since 1970’s
$500 million initial investment
One of 10 biggest hard rock mines in the world
– 15-20 year remaining ore
– $150 million additional capital investment
– Reduced rock removal costs
•
Enthusiastic and cooperative partners
–
–
–
–
–
pro bono contributions
geology consultants for core logging etc.
many tours for scientists, students, politicians…
long term planning a high priority
would like to be a “poster child” for sustainable re-use
11
J. Wilkes, 13 Jan '06
Henderson Mine: Schematic cross-sectional view
Mine Site
(~10,200 ft)
Continental Divide
(~12,000')
West East
Mill Site
(~9,175')
Concentrator
Mill Yard,
Drive
Transfer
House &
Station &
Transfer
Drive House
Station
Shaft
(Not in Use)
Denver
50 miles
Red Mtn.
(12,308 ft)
Men & Materials
Shaft
Future Cave Area
Ventilation
Shafts
Exhausted
8100 Level
7700 Level
7700 Level
7500 Level
Overland 48"
Conveyor
(4 miles long)
48" Conveyor
(10 miles long)
Future 7210
Production Level
Inter-Level
Ramps
Transfer Station
48" Conveyor
(1 mile long)
Underground
Crusher
7065 Haulage
Level and
Crusher Dump
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J. Wilkes, 13 Jan '06
Moly Ore
Unusual new moly
seam found 2005
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J. Wilkes, 13 Jan '06
Henderson Mine
• Huge elevator/hoist for vertical access
– 8.5 m diameter shaft with with two hoisting compartments
– Elevator: 7m long X 2.5m wide X 4m tall, 50 tons capacity
• Can carry a ship container
• Or 200 people…
• Now: operations are at levels >1000m deep, minimum
overburden ~3000 mwe
• Can go deeper…
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J. Wilkes, 13 Jan '06
Elevator and office space
Main elevator
Scale unit:
1 Tom Kirk = 2m
Surface buildings
[Thanx to R. Wilson for photos]
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J. Wilkes, 13 Jan '06
Henderson Mine parameters
• Excavation Capacity: ~40,000 - 50,000 ton/day
– Actual operation: ~20,000 - 30,000 ton/day
• under-utilized capacity
• 15km tunnel with high speed conveyor and train track
– Conveyor belt: 50kton/day max capacity, 20kton/day normal
operation
•
•
•
•
Electric power station: 2 x 30 MW
Rock disposal site (approved) with huge capacity
Large office buildings and warehouses
Anticipated mine closing in 10~20 years
– Mine Co. and local politicians see underground science as way
of retaining employment, revitalizing local economy, etc
– Local residents are supportive: most are miners!
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J. Wilkes, 13 Jan '06
Excellent DUSEL Site
asl=above sea level
US units: 1' = 0.3m
Harrison Mtn.
Red Mtn. 12,300' asl
25 km conveyer belts
DUSEL
(to surface)
(mining area)
7500' asl
core sample
DUSEL cavity?
6750' asl
(4200 mwe)
Access drifts and ventilation shafts
Colo. School
of Mines =
engineering
university
near Denver
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J. Wilkes, 13 Jan '06
Henderson: Big toys for big boys (and girls) !
10 ton underground loader.
80 ton side-dump truck.
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J. Wilkes, 13 Jan '06
Jumbo Boom Drill
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J. Wilkes, 13 Jan '06
Mining @ Henderson: how to make tunnels cheaply
Basic drilling cycle for drill and blast tunneling:
1. Survey and setup
2. Drilling
3. Charging
4. Blasting
5. Ventilation
6. Scaling
7. Mucking
8. Scaling
9. Bolting
3
2
1
4
5
9
8
7
6
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J. Wilkes, 13 Jan '06
Gigantic Rock Handling/Removal System
1. 80 ton trucks dump rock at crusher.
2. 17 km underground conveyors belts
remove rock.
3. 7 km surface conveyor to mill site.
40~50 kton/day capacity
Cheapest excavation cost: ~ $60/ton
1
2
3
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J. Wilkes, 13 Jan '06
Conveyer belts total 25 km
Ore conveyer tunnel can give
horizontal access after mining
is finished
22
J. Wilkes, 13 Jan '06
Existing Core Drilling Library
•
•
•
•
606 holes totaling 474,000 ft (90 miles) core drilled at the Henderson site
(mostly in Red Mountain)
With cost for core drilling ~ $50/ft  $23,700,000 investment
Henderson management will make core and logs available for DUSEL
An unprecedented level of information to support the development of the
DUSEL geoscience program
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J. Wilkes, 13 Jan '06
Last year: core sample from DUSEL area
• Universities and Colorado government funded
exploratory core drill into the proposed
DUSEL site
– 750 m long, inclination of 26 degrees, right
through proposed Central Campus area
• Results = good news:
core
path
–
–
–
–
‘Extremely competent’ porphyry (granite)
Very hard with a high percentage of quartz.
Expected to have high compressive strength
‘No evidence of mineralization’
• No Mo: company won’t want to mine here!
– No problem foreseen for constructing DUSEL
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J. Wilkes, 13 Jan '06
Additional Site Characterization
• 2,500 feet long core drilling into proposed “Central Campus” under
Harrison Mountain
– $180,000 project financed primarily by universities
• Geological logging
– Good golly, no moly (nor gold)
– rock is a rhyolite or aplite porphry: very hard with a high percentage of
quartz; RQD is high, 70 – 100, little evidence of mineralization
– only a few small fractured zones (not near the laboratory area);
no major fault zones
• Other observations
– very little water during drilling, about 1.5 gpm
– potential for rock-bursts when mining due to hardness/strength, but no
greater than experienced at Henderson in the past
– no unusual levels or types of radioisotopes
– review of extensive statutory radon monitoring records indicates levels
similar to Gran Sasso
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J. Wilkes, 13 Jan '06
Planned 2nd Core Drilling – Jan ‘06
Drill-hole 02
(planned)
Drill-hole 01
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J. Wilkes, 13 Jan '06
DUSEL @ Henderson: preliminary concept
• Assume total project cost approx. $300M
– Initially assume $200M for infrastructure and $100M for experiments
– needs to be optimized
– NSF accounting includes operations
• Science goals must be diverse and multi-disciplinary
– must include: physics, geology, biology, engineering and low counting
• Staged approach that allows scientific experiments to be carried out
concurrent with the construction
–
–
–
–
Upper campus + experiments (within a year)
Central campus + experiments (within three years)
Lower campus + experiments (within five years)
Geo/bio Outposts + experiments
• Optimize value of the operating mine infrastructure
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J. Wilkes, 13 Jan '06
Elevator to surface buildings
@ Elev. 10,500 ft
• Large area accessible ASAP
– 2800 m2 former machine
shop at Upper Campus 1
Upper Campus 1
Elev. 8100 ft = 2500 mwe)
• Deeper access after new
tunnels are drilled
Upper Campus 2
Elev. 7700 ft = 3100 mwe)
Existing tunnels
Peak of Harrison Mountain
@ Elev. 12,300 ft
Central Campus
Elev. 6750 ft
(4200 mwe)
EarthLab/
Geoscience
Area
Midway Campus
Elev. 5825 ft
(5100 mwe)
Internal Shaft
Lower Campus
Elev. 4900 ft
(6000 mwe)
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J. Wilkes, 13 Jan '06
Experimental areas
•
Upper campus
– Old company machine shop (32k ft2 area) at UC-1 level (8100’ asl, 2500
mwe ) can be ready for experiments within a few months, at cost of 100K$
– Slightly deeper UC-2 (7700’ asl, 3100 mwe) also possible quickly
•
Central Campus
–
–
–
–
•
6750’ asl, 4200 mwe overburden
Accessed by new ramps from existing shaft area, ~2 years
Several large, multipurpose rooms (~20x20x100 m3)
Natural location for megaton-scale proton decay/neutrino detector UNO
(not part of official DUSEL scope)
Possible: Midway Campus at bend in access tunnels
– 5800’ asl, 5100 mwe overburden
•
Lower Campus
– 4900’ asl, 6000 mwe overburden
– In ~5 years: several rooms sized ~20x20x50 m3
– For projects requiring lowest background
• double-beta decay, dark matter, solar neutrinos
– Second core drill in planning stage, to confirm geology
29
J. Wilkes, 13 Jan '06
Sharing Infrastructure
• Simultaneous operation of the Henderson mining
activities with DUSEL will have distinct advantages
compared to other potential sites
– Cost effective construction and operations management
– Cost-sharing of facilities (CMC goal – revenue neutral)
– Safety conscious industrial partner
• But… there will also be coordination challenges
• Henderson has
– hired consultants to investigate business model, including
interoperation of mine + lab
– Visited Kamioka and Gran Sasso, Creighton Mine (SNOLab)
– SNOLab, Homestake & Morton Salt Mine/IMB existence proof of
successful shared infrastructure
30
J. Wilkes, 13 Jan '06
Safety, Environment, Permitting
• An excellent well-established safety record
– Company works hard to develop a “safety culture”
– Each meeting begins with a “safety share”
– NSF has stressed the very high importance of safety at DUSEL
• Henderson has excellent record of environmental and localcommunity sensitivity
– Company recognizes and highly values this asset
• No new permits required for DUSEL excavation
– DUSEL = only a few % of current operations permits
– No rock needs to leave company property
– Great benefits compared to proposed green field sites
31
J. Wilkes, 13 Jan '06
Public Support
• Great support at all levels of government, including county
commissioners, town mayors, mine employees and local schools
• Community outreach with public interest articles, web sites,
press releases and continued presentations to local groups by
local community leaders and HUSEP scientists etc.
– The Arapaho Project Inc.: an offshoot of county commissioners
formed a non-profit to promote Henderson at all levels
– Oct. 05 “Media Day” attracted 4 TV stations plus several print
media
• No environmental issues with community
– Mining has been part of local culture for 150 years
– Existing operations
32
J. Wilkes, 13 Jan '06
Arapahoe Project (Clear Creek County development) website
http://www.thearapahoproject.net/
33
J. Wilkes, 13 Jan '06
Regional political support lined up
State money is tight (CO version of Prop 13) but…
• $$ from state agencies towards core drillings
• Governor has established a commission of state agency
directors to investigate ways to help (chaired by Lt. Gov.)
• Will try to secure promise of funds for surface campus
buildings
34
J. Wilkes, 13 Jan '06
Surface Campus
80,000 ft2
800,000 ft2
160,000 ft2
180,000 ft2
35
J. Wilkes, 13 Jan '06
National and International Cooperation
• SNOLab: Current expansion will provide a deep site in near
future
– Will work with SNOLab management to develop scenarios for interlaboratory cooperation in scheduling experiments at the two sites
– David Sinclair on Int’l HUSEP Advisory Committee
• Concept of a multi-site North American lab
– Multiple sites may be needed to address conflicting
physics/geoscience/microbiology interest
• Asia and European Labs
– HUSEP advisers from Kamioka, Gran Sasso, Modane (Frejus)
36
J. Wilkes, 13 Jan '06
Education and Outreach
• High priority for NSF
• SALTA/CROP (U. Nebraska/Lincoln; U. Washington/Seattle)
– first experiment at Henderson; cosmic ray measurements underground
by high school students
• Little Shop of Physics (Jones, CSU)
– reaches 15,000 students and 200 teachers each year
• NSF’s REU-funded Biogeochemical Education Experience in South
Africa (Sue Pfiffner, U. Tenn)
• Combination of physics, geoscience, and microbiology maps well
onto K-12 curriculum requirements
– Teacher workshops to get their input
• Underground science information – posters, brochures
• Visitor Center planning
37
J. Wilkes, 13 Jan '06
First results from Henderson!
• Rates at Henderson surface (10,337 ft)
= 2.5 x rates at Lincoln, NE (1189 ft)
• 4 locations: depths of 2800-3900 ft
• Raw rates in muon telescopes drop from
10 Hz (surface rate) → 1 Hz → 0.5 Hz → 0.3 Hz
38
J. Wilkes, 13 Jan '06
39
J. Wilkes, 13 Jan '06
40
J. Wilkes, 13 Jan '06
Science at DUSEL/Henderson
• Science committees formed (8/05) and topical
workshops held
– October 21, 2005:
• Biology at Henderson
– November 18-19, 2005:
• Physics at Henderson
• Geoscience at Henderson
• DUSEL Engineering/infrastructure at Henderson
• Education and Outreach (Science Teacher Workshops)
• Next steps:
– Review and refine S1 report contents
– Develop ‘envelope’ of maximal infrastructure requirements
for potential projects and work with engineering team to
make sure S2 plan for DUSEL@Henderson covers needs
41
J. Wilkes, 13 Jan '06
Hydro/bio-geologic Environment
•
•
•
•
Intrusive rocks with very low primary permeability
Ground water restricted to discrete zones of high flow
Water is being mined - treated and sold to nearby towns
Henderson 2000 project experience:
– Inflows 10’s of gpms rather than 100’s or 1000’s of gpms
– Max inflows of 30-40 gpm from any specific structure
– Water handled by excavation of periodic sumps during mining of
ramps downward
– Water generally warm to hot on lower levels, ~120 degrees F
• Biogeologic conditions have not been studied
extensively, but…
– Geologic environment contains:
• Warm to Hot water
• Sulfide Mineralization
– Similar environments in mine waste dumps are known to host
sulfide-consuming bacteria
42
J. Wilkes, 13 Jan '06
HUSEP Bioscience
(Jeff Mitten, CU Biologist and
Bioscience Committee Chair)
• Core drilling produces
water samples from
deep rock
• Ancient water, anoxic for
thousands of years,
meets oxygen in the
shaft, and oxides of
minerals precipitate
• Check for microbes and
compare to samples
from other deep sites
around the world
• Already under way!
43
J. Wilkes, 13 Jan '06
Research plans during S2 core drilling (first samples
already in hand)
• Introduce both solute and particulate tracers, as individual
spikes to the drilling fluid immediate before drilling each core
• Tracers will be quantified in the liquid surrounding the core, in
the core parings, and in the interior of the core (the final sample
for geomicrobiology).
• Quantification will be by fluorescence microscopy.
• Particulate tracers, which serve as surrogate contaminant
microbes, will be 1.0-µm latex, carboxylated beads, which will
be added in concentrated form in a sterile Whirl-Pak bag in the
core shoe.
• The bag will break on contact with the formation, thereby coating
the exterior of the core in tracer.
• Solute tracer will also be used to quantify contamination by
dissolved components in the drilling fluid.
44
J. Wilkes, 13 Jan '06
>100
Pore Throat Radius, microns
75
Size
PORE THROAT SIZE HISTOGRAMClassifications:
25
macro
7.5
2.5
0.75
meso
0.25
micro
0.075
0.025
0.0075
<0.0025
0.0
A.
B.
Mercury Saturation, fraction (frequency)
D.
C.
Davidson and Onstott, Princeton Univ.
45
J. Wilkes, 13 Jan '06
Henderson Geoscience
Ore Geology, Isotopic Tracers, and Geochronology
• Ore geology : Two of the hottest topics
– Magmatic to hydrothermal transition
How are metals transferred from silicate melt to a vapor-rich medium
that breaks through the lithostatic load?
– How long does it take to create a major porphyry-style ore body?
Duration issues . . .
What is age and evolution of mineralization at ore body scale and in the
context of the magmatic-tectonic history in a region?
• Comparative Geochronology: Re-Os dating of molybdenite
– determine the age of ore mineralization
– compare with crystallization ages for magmatic stocks using U-Pb
dating of zircon and other suitable accessory minerals
– compare with cooling ages (uplift rates) for the Henderson magmatichydrothermal system using 40Ar/39Ar chronology of micas (muscovite
and biotite) and potassium feldspar
• Timing and duration, plus cooling history of the entire magmatichydrothermal system
46
J. Wilkes, 13 Jan '06
Physics Committee
• DUSEL @ Henderson Physics Workshop took place Nov 18-19,
2005 at CSU, Ft. Collins, Colorado
See http://ale.physics.sunysb.edu/husep
and click on “Conferences and Workshops”
– HUSEP Physics Committee
Working groups:
(J.W. = Chair)
• Neutrino mass (solar, 0νββ) and mixing (atm ν, LBL)
– Cecilia Lunardini, UW; Walter Toki, CSU
• Dark matter/nuclear physics
– Dan Akerib, Case; Harry Nelson, UCSB, Les Rosenberg, LLNL/UW
• Nucleon decay
– Maury Goodman, ANL; Tony Mann, Tufts
• Astrophysics
– Alec Habig, U.Mn/Duluth, Tom Weiler, Vanderbilt
47
J. Wilkes, 13 Jan '06
HUSEP Physics Committee membership
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Dan Akerib (Case), co-chair
Frank Avignone (South Carolina),
John Beacom (Ohio State),
Alessandro Bettini (INFN/Padova),
Jim Cochran (Iowa State),
Steven R. Elliott (LANL),
Enrique Fernandez (Barcelona),
Maury Goodman (ANL),
Alec T. Habig (U.Minn/Duluth),
Karsten Heeger (LBL),
Chang-Kee Jung (Stony Brook),
Tony Mann (Tufts),
Kai Martens (Utah),
William Louis (LANL),
Cecilia Lunardini (INT/UWash),
Clark McGrew (Stony Brook)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Bob McKeown (CalTech),
Harry Nelson (UCSB),
Peter Paul (BNL)
Andreas Piepke (Alabama),
Soren Prell (Iowa State),
Eli Rosenberg (Iowa State),
Leslie Rosenberg (LLNL),
David Sinclair (Carleton),
Walter Toki (CSU),
Tom Weiler (Vanderbilt),
Michael Wiescher (Notre Dame),
Jeffrey Wilkes (UWash), Chair
Robert Wilson (CSU),
Chiaki Yanagisawa (Stony Brook),
Eric D. Zimmerman (CU), co-chair
48
J. Wilkes, 13 Jan '06
Some of the talks and discussions at the November Workshop
Physics at Henderson DUSEL (15')
Dan Akerib, Case Western Reserve
Geoscience at Henderson DUSEL (15')
Judy Hannah, CSU
Outreach and Education at Henderson DUSEL (15')
Dan Claes, U. Nebraska - Lincoln
DUSEL Requirements Document Status (10')
Bernard Sadoulet, University of California,
Berkeley
Status of current neutrino beam projects (30')
Clark McGrew, Stony Brook
Future proposed neutrino beam projects and how
are measurements affected by site dependent
factors (30')
Milind Diwan, Brookhaven National Laboratory
Open discussion of related infrastructure issues:
Review of S1 interim report and new
items (30')
Walter Toki, Colorado State
Prospects for detecting supernova neutrinos (30')
Louie Strigari, Univ. of California, Irvine
Xenon and related extrapolations (15')
Hanguo Wang, Univ. of California, Los
Angeles
Phase transition detectors & related extrapolations
(15')
Andrew Sonnenschein, Fermi National
Accelerator Lab.
Low Background Issues (15')
50 attendees
Tom Borak, Colorado State
Henderson DUSEL Conceptual Design (30')
Mark Kuchta, Colorado School of Mines
General Infrastructure Requirements - Discussion
(45')
Panel: Mark Kuchta, Chip DeWolfe, Lee
Petersen (CNA)
atmospheric neutrino experiments and how are
measurements affected by site dependent
factors (30')
Alec Habig, U Minnesota
Physics of atmospheric neutrinos: perspectives
for the future (30')
S. Palomares Ruiz, Vanderbilt U.
Exotic neutrino properties (new interactions,
neutrino magnetic moment, sterile states,
etc.) (30')
Alexander Friedland, Los Alamos National
Laboratory
Low Background Counting (30')
Prisca Cushman, U Minnesota
Simulating Radiation Backgrounds (20') - tbc
Jonathan Ormes and Ze'ev Shayer, Denver
U.
Snow-pack Measurements from Underground
(15')
Judah Levine/John Wahr, U. Colorado
49
J. Wilkes, 13 Jan '06
Potential physics occupants
• S1 team has collected
info on many potential
DUSEL occupants from
the physics community
• We’ll refine and
expand this info base
and use it to
determine maximal
demands on
infrastructure
50
J. Wilkes, 13 Jan '06
Nice plots by Kregg Philpott (Wick Haxton’s student)
Harrison Mountain
Red Mountain
(Henderson area viewed from the north)
51
J. Wilkes, 13 Jan '06
Muon flux @ Henderson DUSEL - calculations and plots by K. Philpott
Upper Campus 1
Upper 2
Central
Midway
Lower Campus
52
J. Wilkes, 13 Jan '06
Summary
• Original motivation for Henderson Mine was as an ideal site for UNO
• Now recognized as a great site for a broader scope NSF science
laboratory
– initial phase approx. $300 million
• Expect DoE to be primary sponsor of UNO + super-beam
– Much greater than NSF investment
– Lab will be designed to allow UNO construction with low impact on
running experiments
• Timeline
–
–
–
–
Conceptual Design Report - June ’06
S3 award decision fall ’06; report fall ’07
DUSEL decision early ’08
Henderson DUSEL ground breaking ‘08/’09 - you are all invited
• You are invited also to help us design the best possible DUSEL!
53