Food & Digestion Study Guide
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Bile is produced by the liver
Nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream; this does NOT take place in the mouth
Based on the MyPyramid Plan, grains, vegetables, and milk should be eaten in the
greatest amounts for a healthy diet
The portion of a food label that describes how the nutritional content of a food fits into
a diet of 2,000 Calories a day is called the Percent Daily Value
Waste materials are prepared for elimination from the body in the rectum
Fiber is NOT a nutrient
Amino acids are linked together chemically to form molecules of protein
A substance that speeds up chemical reactions in the body is called an enzyme
The nutrients that provides the highest amount of energy are fats
A simple carbohydrate that serves a major source of energy for your body is glucose
Liver: produces bile
Gallbladder: stores bile
Pancreas: produces enzymes that flow into the small intestines
Rectum: structure in which waste material is compressed into solid form
Anus: solid wastes exit the body through this opening
Bile: breaks up fat molecules
Villus: tiny finger-shaped structure in the small intestines
Cholesterol is a waxy, fatlike substance found only in animal products
A vitamin acts as a helper molecule in many chemical reactions in the body
Fiber is a useful complex carbohydrate that cannot be broken down by your body
The sugar glucose is a major source of energy for your body’s cells
A protein is a nutrient that contains nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
A mineral is a nutrient not made by living things
The percent daily value shows how the nutritional content of one serving fits into the
recommended diet of a person who consumes 2,000 calories per day
Nutrients provide two things that are necessary for body processes. What are these
two things?
o Nutrients provide the raw materials and energy necessary for the body to carry
out all essential processes
Explain the difference between mechanical digestion and chemical digestion.
o In mechanical digestion, food is physically broken down into smaller pieces. In
chemical digestion, chemicals made by the body break foods into their smaller
chemical building blocks
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What happens to the water contained in the materials that pass into the large
intestines?
o The water is absorbed in the bloodstream
Digestive System
o Three main functions
 Break down food
 Absorb food molecules into blood
 Eliminate wastes
o Food enters the mouth moves through the esophagus into the stomach
The six nutrients necessary for human health are
o Carbohydrates which are simple or sugars & complex
o Fats can be unsaturated or saturated
o Proteins are made of long chains of amino acids
o Vitamins are needed in small amounts
o Minerals are needed in small amounts
o Water is the most important nutrient because its needed for all body processes