Name ____________________ Period ____________ Date __________
Mrs. Levin
Team 6Z
Digestive and Excretory System Study Guide
Digestive System:
What are the three functions of the digestive system?
• 1. Food is broken down into what the body can use
• 2. Nutrients are absorbed by (taken into) the blood and carried
throughout the body
• 3. Wastes are eliminated from (taken out of) the body
Know the six essential nutrients and a few examples of each:
Carbohydrates
ex. Bread, crackers, cereal
Protein
ex. Meat, nuts, chicken, tofu
Fats or lipids
ex. Butter, oil, fat
Nucleic acids
ex. Meats, fruits, vegetables, wheat
Water
ex. Water, juice, soda, milk
Vitamins and minerals
ex. Vegetables, fruits,
Be able to label the parts of the digestive system on a diagram
mouth
esophagus
liver
gall bladder
large intestine
appendix
anus
stomach
pancreas
small intestine
rectum
What is mechanical digestion? Give 2 examples
Muscles break down food into nutrients. The larger surface area makes it
easier for later chemical digestion ex. chewing of teeth, grinding of stomach
muscles
What is chemical digestion? Give 2 examples
Chemicals break down food into nutrients, ex. saliva in mouth, enzymes in
small intestines
Know the function of each structure of the digestive system:
Part
Function (Job)
How it
How it performs
performs
chemical digestion
mechanical
digestion
mouth
Brings food into body Teeth chew up
Amylase enzyme in
food
Saliva breaks
starch into sugars
esophagus
Brings food from
Muscles mush
none
mouth to stomach
food using
peristalsis
stomach
Grinds up food and
3 layers of
Stomach acid is a
mixes with stomach
muscles mush up chemical that
acids and pepsin
and grind up
breaks down
enzyme
food
protein into amino
acids
Small
1. Absorption of
none
Bile breaks down
intestine
nutrients
fats, enzymes
occurs here
break starches
into sugars
2. chemical
Most chemical
digestion
digestion occurs
here
Large
Separates water
none
none
intestine
from waste
rectum
Compaction and
none
none
storage of wastes
anus
Elimination of solid
waste from the body
liver
Makes bile
Stores glucose for
later use
pancreas
Gall bladder
Makes heat
Makes enzymes for
chemical digestion in
the small intestine
Stores bile
(bile breaks down
fats)
Notes:
Excretory System:
What is the function of the excretory system? The excretory system
eliminates waste from the body
What organs does the body use to get rid of each form of waste?
Organ used to get rid of waste
Waste product
solid
Rectum
feces
anus
large intestine
liquid
Urinary system ( kidneys, bladder,
Urine
ureters and urethra)
skin
gas
lungs
sweat
Carbon dioxide
Label a diagram of the urinary system:
kidneys
ureters
bladder
urethra