P14651: Drop Tower for Microgravity
Simulation
Adam Hertzlin
Dustin Bordonaro
Jake Gray
Santiago Murcia
Yoem Clara
Project Summary
 Problem Goals
 Design & Build Drop Tower
 Vacuum Piping Structure
 Cost Effective
 Effective Cycle Time
 Aesthetically Pleasing
 Precision in Measurements
 Educational User Interface
 Access for Object Transfer
 Adaptability for Future Development
 Constraints
 Location and design approval from the dean(s)
 Material availability/size (ex. tube, pump)
 The device is aesthetically pleasing
 The tower 6” – 12” Diameter
 The device can be operated year round.
 The system is safe to operate.
 The project budget is $3,000. Team must justify the need for additional funds.
 The project must be completed in 2 semesters.
Project Deliverables





Installed drop tower
Detailed design drawings and assembly manual
Bill of materials
User’s Guide for operation
Designed Lab Experiments
 Determine gravity in the vacuum within 1% error
 Compare drag at different pressures and drag vs. acceleration
 Additional vacuum related experiments
 Fun and Educational Experience for Middle School Students
 Technical Paper
 Poster
Agenda
 Customer Meeting Updates




Customer Requirements
Engineering Requirements
Proposed Concept Design
Isolation Valve Cost Analysis
 List of experiments
 Concept and Architecture Development
 System Block
 Sub-systems
 Summary
 Risk Assessment
 Test Plan
 Bill of Materials
Customer Meeting Notes
 Account for Pipe Fitting Leaks in calculations
 How does Ultimate Pressure change with Leak Rate?
 Limit design to one tower
 Simple Prototype
 Fit two objects in one tower
 Allow for lift mechanism
 Design Concepts to Future Tower Development
 Go with 6-8 in. Diameter, approx. 10-15 ft. Tall Tower
 Measure new location heights
 Dr. K Lab
 Talk with Mark Smith about using MSD space
 Does Ultimate Pressure Effect object drop times
 Feather vs. Ball Bearing
 Use only one laser when dropping items to measure gravity
 Keep the educational aspect in mind
Customer Requirements
Customer
Importance
Rqmt. #
CR1
CR2
CR3
CR4
CR5
CR6
CR7
CR8
CR9
CR10
CR11
CR12
CR13
CR14
CR15
CR16
CR17
CR18
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
3
3
3
3
3
3
Description
Appropriate Tower Height
Allow for Adjustable Pressure
Display Tower Pressure
Drop 2 objects simultaneously
Drop objects with no horizontal motion
Demonstrate standard local gravity within 1%
Display important outputs accurately
Allow full drop visibility and limit distortion
Demonstrate drag vs. pressure
Allow objects to be changed out
Safe/Intuitive operation
Educational and Inspiring
Display Tower Temperature
Design considers noise and power requirements and limits
Components are properly maintained and stored
Aesthetically pleasing
Generate object lift mechanism concepts for future MSD
Allow for further static experiments
Engineering Requirements
Rqmt.
#
SR1
SR2
SR3
SR4
SR5
SR6
SR7
SR8
SR9
SR10
SR11
SR12
SR13
SR14
SR15
SR16
SR17
SR18
I
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Engr. Requirement (metric)
Measure Relative Object Position
Measure Relative Object Drop Time
Measure Pressure
Cycle Run Time
Pressure Leak Rate Minimized
Aesthetic Structure with Supports
No Horizontal Motion
Tube Collapse Pressure
Timing difference of object release
Tower Height
Tower Cross - Section (Diameter)
Pump Flow Rate
Measure Temperature
Impact Energy Dissipation Method
Air Intake - Tower Pressure Change Rate
Minimal Error in Calculations
Aesthetic Data Display
Platform for Stationary Experiments
Unit of
Measure
Marginal Value
Ideal Value
ft
sec
psi
min
psi / sec
Yes / No
in
FOS
millisecond
ft
in
0-15
0-2
0-14.7
1-10 mins
0-?
Yes
0-?
0-5
0-?
10-15
6-8
>Tower Height
ft3/min
% Error
2-10
0-1
10
0
Joule
0-(mmaxvfinal2/2)
(mmaxvfinal2/2)
ft3/min
% error
Yes / No
0-?
0 - 1%
Yes
?
0%
Yes
in
(0.50*ID)-(0.99*ID)
(0.99*ID)
0 - 14.7
1 min
0
Yes
0
5
0
15
8
Tube Diameter Selection
Weighted Pros and Cons of Tower Diameter
% Weight Criteria
6" Dia
8" Dia
10" Dia
20%
Low Cost
4
3
1
10%
Object Size
2
3
4
10%
Lift Mechanism Implementation Ease
2
3
4
15%
Evacuation Time
4
3
1
10%
Component Design (Drop Mechanism)
2
3
3
15%
Component Availability
3
2
1
10%
Accessability to Objects
2
3
4
5%
FOS for Implosion
4
4
3
5%
Support Structure
4
4
4
3.05
2.95
2.35
100%
Current Selection: 6" Diameter Tube
List of Experiments
 Dropping two objects simultaneously
 Measure Gravity
 Measure Drag
 Balloon Expansion
 Marshmallow Expansion
 Sound Insulator
 Plastic Bottle Compression
Note: The following slides will attempt to justify the required tower
pressure and size to complete these experiments
CONCEPT &
ARCHITECTURE
DEVELOPMENT
Proposed Concept
Designs
Proposed Base
Structure
Selected Concept
Designs (part 1)
Selected Concept
Designs (part 2)
Continuous Lift
Concept #1
Continuous Lift
Concept #2
 Use pressure to control the
up and down movement of a
piston.
 The piston would transport
the objects back to the top of
the tower post drop.
Air Seal
Sub-Systems
I.
Release Mechanism
I.
Release system Calculations
II.
Error Propagation
I.
Ultimate Pressure
II. Sensors
III. Air Control
I.
Evacuation time
II. Leak Rate Analysis
IV. Catching Mechanism
I.
Energy dissipation Calculations
V. Piping system
I.
Critical external Pressure
VI. Structure
I.
Tower height calculations
II. Support Buckling
Tower
Height
Distribution
Critical heights
Total height drop at Dr. Kandlikar:
Height of lab= 11’ 7” = 139”
• With a ceiling clearing of 12”
• Drop height = 93.5” = 7.791 Ft
• Drop time= 0.696 Seconds
• With a ceiling clearing of 22”
• Drop Height = 83.5” = 0.657Ft
• Drop Time = 0.657 Seconds
Total height required for a 10 Ft drop height:
• H=13.79 Ft
Critical Length of pipe lengths L1 and L2
• Assuming a clearing of 12”
• Assuming L1= 1 Ft
• L2= 7.692 Ft
• Assuming L1= 2 Ft
• L2= 6.693 Ft
Engineering Analysis
 Release Mechanism
Base Specifications
Polycarbonate
•
Diameter = 6.0 in
•
Thickness = 0.375 in
•
ρ = 1.22 g/cm3
6.0”
0.375”
(0.0441 lb/in3)
Hatch Doors
•
Length = 1.5 in
•
Width =4.0 in
•
Thickness = 0.375 in
4.0”
0.375”
1.5”
1.5”
Electromagnet Specifications
Electrical Specifications
• 12 VDC
• Operating temperature of -40F
to 140F
• Holding Force 4.5lbs
Physical Specifications
• Weight – 0.06lbs
• Diameter – 0.75in
• Height – 0.62in
Other Specifications
• Quick Release Mechanism
Hinges Specifications
Physical Specifications
• Height – 3.5in
• Width – 1.5in
• Depth – 0.21in
• Radius – 5/16in (0.3125in)
Pin Specifications
• Length – 3.5in
• Radius – 9/16in (0.5625in)
FBD
Important Result
 Maximum object weight before magnets will disengage
prematurely
 5.6 lbs
 Does not include Factor of Safety
 Weight of both object combined
Engineering Analysis – Structure
Tower Height
Free Fall – No Air Resistance
(Vacuum Conditions)
Applies to All Objects:
 𝑉𝑓 =
 ∆𝑡 =
2 ∗ 𝑔 ∗ ∆𝑦 + 𝑉𝑖 2
𝑉𝑓−𝑉𝑖
𝑔
 Vi=0
 g=32.2ft/s2
Example:
y = 15 ft
Vf = 31.081 m/s
Free Fall –Air Resistance
(Atmospheric Conditions)
 𝑉∞ =
2 ∗ 𝑚 ∗ 𝑔/(𝜌 ∗ 𝐶𝐷 ∗ 𝐴)
 ρ is the Density of Air
 𝐶𝑑 is the Drag Coefficient
 A is the Projected Area of the Falling Object
 ∆𝑡 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ−1 𝑒
∆𝑦
−𝑔∗𝑉
∞
 𝑉𝑓 = −𝑉∞ ∗ tanh(𝑔 ∗
2
𝑡
)
𝑉∞
∗ 𝑉∞ /𝑔
Free Fall – Vacuum vs. Atmospheric
Conditions
Time vs. Height - Zoomed
5.0
4.5
4.0
Time (s)
3.5
Vacuum
3.0
Atmosphere-1" Steel Ball
2.5
Atmosphere-1.625" Steel Ball
2.0
Atmosphere-1.575" Ping Pong Ball
1.5
Atmosphere-Feather
1.0
Atmosphere-Paper
0.5
0.0
0
5
10
Height (ft)
15
20
Engineering Analysis - Air Control
 Ultimate Pressure &
Gravity Error Effect
Gravity Calculation with 1% Error
 Constant Acceleration Equations
 Assumes no air resistance / perfect vacuum
 𝑥 = 𝑥0 + 𝑣0 𝑡 + 0.5𝑎𝑡 2
𝑔 =
2𝑥
𝑡2
, where x is position and t is time
 Error in Gravity
 1% Error g = % Error x + 2(% Error t)
 % Error x: Laser
 % Error t: Laser & Pressure (Drag)
Free Body Diagram of Object
 Force Balance
 𝐹𝑦 = 𝑚𝑎
 𝐹𝐷 − 𝑚𝑔 = 𝑚𝑎
 At Terminal Velocity
 Acceleration = 0
 𝐹𝐷 = 𝑊
 At Vacuum Pressure, drag force = 0
 −𝑚𝑔 = 𝑚𝑎, where a is downward (negative)
Drag Force (Air Resistance)
 𝐹𝐷 = 0.5𝜌𝑉 2 𝐶𝐷 𝐴
 FD = Drag Force
 ρ = Air Density
 V = Velocity of Object
 CD = Drag Coefficient (Fudge Factor)
 A = Projected Area of Object
𝑃
𝑅𝑇
 P = Air Pressure (Pa)
 R = Specific Gas Constant = 287.05 J/kg*K
 T = Air Temperature = 21°C = 274K
𝑘𝑔
−5
 𝜌 = 1.185 ∗ 10
∗𝑃
𝐽
 𝜌=
Objects to calculate gravity
 Not all objects may be suitable for gravity calculations
 Objects vary by their mass, projected area and drag coefficient
 Assumptions:
 Max Tube Height = 15 ft
 Ideal Gas
 Room Temperature
 Standard Gravity
 Error in Time vs. Chamber Pressure is as follows for each object:
1.625" Steel Ball
1" Steel Ball
Ping Pong Ball
Feather
Paper
Pressure (Pa)
50
100
2
10
500
101325
0.0000%
0.0000%
0.0000%
0.0001%
0.0005%
0.10%
0.0000%
0.0000%
0.0001%
0.0002%
0.0008%
0.16%
0.0002%
0.0010%
0.0049%
0.0099%
0.0495%
10.25%
0.0023%
0.0117%
0.0585%
0.1169%
0.5855%
106.83%
0.0130%
0.0650%
0.3254%
0.6514%
3.2801%
352.56%
% Error in Time vs. Chamber Pressure
(Graphically)
% Error in Time Compared to Vacuum Fall Tiime
% Error in Time vs. Chamber Pressure
4%
3%
1" Steel Ball
Ping Pong Ball
2%
Ping Pong Ball
Feather
Paper
1%
0%
0
100
200
300
Base Pressure (Pa)
400
500
600
Engineering Analysis – Laser Sensor
Sensor
Laser Distance Sensor
•
Specs
•
•
•
•
•
Micro-Epsilon ILR-1030
15m Range
4-20mA Output
10ms Response time
Tolerance
•
Error in position
•
•
+/- 5 mm (0.0164 ft)
Error in time
•
none
% Error in Gravity Summary
2 Pa
1.625" Steel
Ball
10 Pa
50 Pa
100 Pa
500 Pa
101325 Pa
8ft
15ft
8ft
15ft
8ft
15ft
8ft
15ft
8ft
15ft
8ft
15ft
0.205%
0.109%
0.205%
0.109%
0.205%
0.109%
0.205%
0.110%
0.206%
0.110%
0.404%
0.309%
0.205%
0.109%
0.205%
0.109%
0.205%
0.109%
0.205%
0.110%
0.207%
0.111%
0.529%
0.433%
0.205%
0.110%
0.207%
0.111%
0.215%
0.119%
0.225%
0.129%
0.304%
0.208%
20.704% 20.609%
0.210%
0.114%
0.228%
0.133%
0.322%
0.226%
0.439%
0.343%
1.376%
1.280% 213.863% 213.767%
0.231%
0.135%
0.335%
0.239%
0.856%
0.760%
1.508%
1.412%
6.765%
6.669% 705.326% 705.230%
1" Steel Ball
Ping Pong Ball
Feather
Paper
Engineering Analysis - Air Control
 Evacuation Time
Conductance
 The flow of air in a tube, at constant temperature, is dependent on the pressure drop as
well as the cross sectional geometry.
𝐷4
𝐹1 Ṗ
𝐿
 𝐶𝑉 =
 Viscous Flow: Pressure (micron) * Diameter (in) > 200
𝐷4
𝐹1 Ṗ
𝐿
𝐷3
𝐹2
𝐿
 𝐶𝑇 =
+
 Transitional Flow: 6.0 < Pressure (micron) * Diameter (in) < 200
𝐷3
𝐹3 ,
𝐿
 𝐶𝑀 =
 Molecular Flow: Pressure (micron) * Diameter (in) < 6.0
 C = Conductance (cfm)
 Ṗ = Average Pressure(microns) =





𝑃1 −𝑃2
2
F1 = Viscous/Transitional Flow Scale Factor = 0.52
F2 = Transitional Flow Scale Factor = 12.2
F3 = Molecular Flow Scale Factor = 13.6
D = Pipe Diameter (in)
L = Pipe Length (ft)
Viscous
Molecular
Equivalent Pipe Length
 Pipe fittings can cause losses within a piping system
 These include: elbows, tees, couplings, valves, diameters




changes, etc.
Tabulated values for Le/D can be used to adjust L in the
conductance equations
D = Diameter of Pipe
Le = Equivalent Length
Total Length = L + Le1 + Le2 + Le3 + ….
Effective Pump Speed
 SEff for each flow regime
 Viscous, Transitional, & Molecular

1
𝑆𝐸𝑓𝑓
=
1
𝑆𝑃
+
1
𝐶𝑛
+
1
𝐶𝑛−1
+ ⋯+
1
𝐶2
+
1
𝐶1
 n = number of pipe diameters
 C = Conductance (cfm)
 𝑆𝑃 = Given Pump Speed (cfm)
 𝑆𝐸𝑓𝑓 = Effective Pump Speed for Tube Dimensions
Evacuation Time
 𝑡=
𝑉
𝑆𝐸𝑓𝑓−𝑉
ln
𝑃0
𝑃1
+
𝑉
𝑆𝐸𝑓𝑓−𝑇
l𝑛
 𝑃0 = 760 Torr (Atmospheric)
 𝑃1 = Viscous–Transitional Pressure
 𝑃2 = Transitional-Molecular Pressure
 𝑃3 = Ultimate Pressure
𝑃1
𝑃2
+
𝑉
𝑆𝐸𝑓𝑓−𝑀
l𝑛
𝑃2
𝑃3
VP6D CPS
Vacuum Pump
• Example: Single 6” x 15’ Tube
 𝑡 = 7.81 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠
 Pump used on left
 See Spreadsheet for:
• Fittings
• Individual conductance
• Individual flow regime time
2 Stage Rotary Pump
15 micron Ultimate Vacuum
Pump Speed – 6.25 cfm
Price: $268.92
Engineering Analysis - Air Control
 Leak Rate
Chamber Leak Rate
 Throughput, Q
Units: (Pressure * Volume) / Time
 Pump Throughput, QP
𝑄𝑃 = 𝑆𝐸𝑓𝑓 ∗ 𝑃
Where: Seff = Effective Pump Speed
P = Pressure
Constants:
• Chamber Volume
• Temperature
• Atmospheric Pressure
• Leak Area
Time Variables:
• Mass Flow Rate
• Chamber Pressure
 Leak Throughput, QL
𝑄𝐿 =
Δ𝑃
Δ𝑡
Leak
∗V
Where: dP/dt = Differential Pressure
V
= Chamber Volume
Pump
𝑃𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒
Δ𝑃
∗𝑉
Δ𝑡
=
𝑆𝑒𝑓𝑓
𝑃𝑈𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 2𝑃𝑎 = 𝑃𝑚𝑖𝑛
How Leakage Affects Ultimate Pressure
30.00
25.00
Pressure (Pa)
20.00
15.00
10.00
5.00
Flow Regime
Change
0.00
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
Leak Rate (Pa / min)
Note: Assumes linear relationship (mass flow rate constant)
50.0
60.0
Engineering Analysis - Catching Mechanism
 Energy Dissipation
Critical Dimensions of Impact
Absorption material
Critical Dimensions of Impact Absorption material
𝑚𝑎
𝑚𝑏=
𝐶𝑅
• Assuming a Object 1 mass of 2 lb.
• Assuming a Coefficient of Restitution of 0.712
• Assuming a Ball Radius of 2in.
Height of
energy
absorbing
material
= 4.19 in
̴ 5 in
Mass= Volume x density
Volume= Area x Height
Area= Pi x Radius^2
Engineering Analysis – Piping System
 Critical External Pressure
Pipe Critical Pressure Calculations
Critical Pressure Calculations for Clear PVC
P
14.7 psi
v
0.37
E
429000 psi
Formula
PCrit=(2*E/(1-v^2))*(1/((OD/t)-1)^3)
SCH 40 Pipe Maximum Pressure
Size (in)
OD (in)
Thickness (in)
Max Pressure (psi)
Factor of Safety
6
6.625
0.28
85.43
5.81
8
10
12
8.625
10.75
12.75
0.322
0.365
0.406
57.98
43.16
35.37
3.94
2.94
2.41
 Desired Factor of Safety = 3-4
Max Pressure Rating of Schedule 40 PVC*, from HARVEL
Size (in)
6
8
10
12
Pipe Dimensions Courtesy of Engineeringtoolbox.com
Max Pressure (psi)
90
58
49
42
*Specifications for white PVC
Factor of Safety
6.12
3.95
3.33
2.86
Engineering Analysis – Structure
Support Buckling
Schematic
Tube
Pipe Riser Clamp
• Worst case scenario:
– 15’ Long PVC Schedule 40
– 8” Diameter
– 10’ long square A513 tube
• So 10’ of buckling length
• Assumptions:
Frame
Pipe Riser Clamp
– Weight of vacuum tube is
split evenly between four
connection points
Depiction of Reaction
Forces on Tube
W/2
W
/4
W
/4
• Becomes an eccentric column
loading problem because the
weight of the tube is applied on
one face of the support columns
10ft
• 𝑓 𝐹 = −
W/2
W
/4
Eccentric Distance
𝐹
𝐴
W
/4
𝑆𝑦𝑐
𝑐
𝑙
𝐹
1+ 𝑒∗ 2 ∗sec[
]
2𝑘
𝐴∗𝐸
𝑘
• Requires numerical methods root
finding techniques
Methods using Matlab:
F/A-Syc/(1+(e c/k2) sec((l/(2 k)) sqrt(F/(A E))))
5
x 10
Parameters:
• 10ft long steel tube
1.5
1
0.5
• 1-1/2” square
• 0.120” wall
• A513 steel
0
-0.5
-1
-1.5
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
F
1700
1800
1900
>> Buckling_False_Position
>> Buckling_Bisection
F (lbf) is: 1617
F (lbf) is: 1616
FOS is: 84
FOS is: 84
The percent error is: 0.006
The percent error is: 0.038
2000
Support Buckling Results
• We achieve a FOS well over what we would ever
need for the selected support frame in buckling
under worst case scenario
• Our frame can support the weight of the tube,
and is feasible
• We can, if desired, reduce frame cross-section
size and thickness if further analyses show large
FOS as well
Engineering Analysis – Structure
Leg Center Deflection
Schematic
 Worst case scenario:
 15’ Long PVC Schedule 40
 8” Diameter
 10’ long square A513 tube1-1/2”
 0.120” wall
 A513 steel
 Assumptions:
 Weight of vacuum is halved between the two
legs, as is the upper frame structure
 1 foot long leg
Reactions and Deflection
 In the diagram below, dimension a is the distance to the front
support block and b is to the center of the wheel axel.
 F includes half the weight of the tube and the upper support
structure
Result: ymax=-3.30E04 inches
Engineering Analysis Summary
 Proposed Requirement Metrics












Tower height: up to 5 meters (~16ft)
Tower size: 6” Diameter
Number of Towers: 1
Pump Speed: 6.25 cfm
Pump Type: 2 stage Rotary (mechanical roughing pump)
Evacuation Time: 5.25 mins
Ultimate Pressure: 15 microns (0.015Torr or 2Pa)
Negative (Critical) Pressure – Factor of Safety: 3.94
No Isolation Valves
Manual Object Lifting
Electromagnetic Release Mechanism
Mobile Support Structure
Test Plan
#
Test Description
Comments/Status
1
Drop Test
Test Fall Time of Selected Objects is Atmosphere
2
Energy Dissipation Control
Drop heaviest object
3
Test Release Mechanism
Drop Object from any height
4
Position sensor accuracy for objects Sensors can be mounted / tested without tube
5
Ultimate pressure
Considering pump size / leaks/ chamber volume
6
Pressure gage accuracy
Connect vacuum to pressure gage only
7
Temperature gage accuracy
Calibrate Sensor
8
DAQ device inputs
Position and time (from sensor(s))
9
Computer Software Outputs
Computer outputs from on DAQ & human inputs
10
Tower stability
Simulate maximum applied forces
11
Extra vacuum tests
How things react inside our vacuum
Drop Tower
Piping Schematic
Bill of Materials: 6” Diameter by 10ft Tall
Item
Pipe
Union Fitting
Reducing Pipe Tee*
Polycarbonate Sheet
Size (in)
6in
6"slip x 6"slip
6in-6in-2in FPT
1/2" THK
Item
CPS Vacuum Gauge
Temperature Gage
Laser Distance Sensor
Temperature reader
DAQ
Range
0 micron - atm; 1/4 SAE F
1m-2m
0.2m - 15m
(-50) to 1300 °C
8 Analog inputs
Item
2 Stage Rotary Pump
0.75" Diameter Round Electromagnet
EM100 Strike Plate
Flat Handle Plug 2-Pole, 2-Wire
Pan Head Mach. Screw
Single Device High Performance Driver
Everbilt 3/4 in. Corner Braces (4-Pack)
Everbilt 1-1/2 in. Hinges (2-Pack)
Lexan Plastic Sheet
Length
10 ft
n/a
n/a
12" x 24"
Rating
15 Microns
Tower Pipes & Fittings & Gaskets
Approx. Weight
Material
Rating
Vendor
35.3
Clear PVC
SCH40
clearpvcpipe
white PVC
SCH40
mc master
1.35 lbs
White PVC
SCH40
pvcfittingsonline
Polycarbonate
n/a
mc master
Gages, Sensors, & DAQ
Vendor
Part # / Size Approx. Weight (lbs)
Century Tool
VG200
0.5
National Instruments
Micro-Epsilon
ILR-1030
National Instruments
Input/Output Size
1/2in SAE
Pump & Electromagnets
Voltage
Flow Rate
110-120V / 220V 50/60Hz
6.25 CFM
Part #
1395-061
4880K311
402-528
8574K45
Price for 1
$146.45
$30.00
$545.00
$16.82
$149.00
Power Supply
Vendor
120V rms @ 60Hz
CPS products
APW Company
APW Company
APW Company
APW Company
APW Company
Home Depot
Home Depot
Zoro Tools
Price for 1
$410.40
$88.44
$37.00
$54.22
Quantity
Price per Qty
1
$410.40
2
$176.88
1
$37.00
1
$54.22
Subtotal:
$678.50
Quantity
Price per Qty
1
$146.45
1
$30.00
1
$545.00
1
$16.82
1
$149.00
Subtotal:
$887.27
Part # / Size
Price for 1
VP6D
EM075-12-222
SP-100
MISC-017
SCRM-019
EMD-01-TE-PH
13542
15377
GRA0112001012
$268.92
$29.24
$6.79
$1.99
$0.10
$123.00
$1.97
$2.27
$13.59
Quantity
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
Subtotal:
Price per Qty
$268.92
$29.24
$6.79
$1.99
$0.40
$123.00
$1.97
$2.27
$13.59
$448.17
Bill of Materials Con’t: 6” Diameter by 10ft Tall
Item
slip x slip, 90° Elbow
Brass Connector: SAE x NPT
Brass Adapter: SAE x NPT
90° Elbow: FPT x MPT
Reducer Bushing Slip x FIPT
Pipe
Hose
Male Barbed Hose Fitting
Ball Valve
Brass Cross NPT
Hex Nipple Adapter
Dimensions
2"
1/4" SAE M - 1/2" MPT
1/2" SAE F - 1/2" MPT
1/2" FPT x 1/2" MPT
2" slip x 1/2" Fipt
2"
3/4"ID - 1"OD
3/4"Hose - 1/2"NPTF
1/2" FPT
1/2" FPT
1/2" MPT x 1/2" MPT
Item
Size (in)
1-1/2 X 1-1/2
Square Metal Tubing
Riser Clamp (Includes Bolts) 6"
Item
Polystyrene Beads
Bulk Head Fittings
on/off Switch (for release mech.)*
Hinges (for release mech.)
Computer
Multipositional Ladder
PTFE Pipe tape
Metal Hose Holder Clamp (5 qty)
Hose Clamp: Worm Drive (10 qty)
Clear Cement/Glue
Vacuum Sealant
Length
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
10 ft
10 ft
n/a
2 5/16"
n/a
1.81"
Pump Piping, Fittings, and Hose
Vendor
Material
SCH40
pvcfittingsdirect
White PVC
n/a
fastenal
brass
n/a
fastenal
brass
n/a
fastenal
brass
SCH40
pvcfittingsdirect
White PVC
SCH40
lowes
White PVC
29.9"Hg Vacuum
mc master
Polyethlene
n/a
mc master
brass
29.9"Hg Vacuum
mc master
brass
1200PSI
fastenal
brass
1200PSI
fastenal
brass
Thickness (in)
0.12
Dimension
3 ft3
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
22ft max
50ft roll
1" hose
15/16" - 1 1/2"
1 quart
n/a
Rating
Length (ft)
Misc.
Vendor
Approx Weight
6 lbs
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Frame Components
Vendor
Part # / Size
12 Metals Depot
T111211
Pex Supply
126B96
Hayneedle
pvcfittingsdirect
amazon
homedepot
n/a
homedepot
mc master
mc master
mc master
pvcfittingsdirect
Ideal Vacuum products
 Final Total: $2558.56
Material
Polystyrene
n/a
n/a
steel
n/a
aluminum
PTFE
Aluminum
301 Stainless Steel
Clear Cement
thermal-plastic
Part # / Size
406-020
69535
440292-131280
424279-131280
438-247
23832
50375K57
5346K68
47865K23
440095-131280
440049-131280
Price for 1
$39.12
$8.95
Part # / Size
HN-CT110
n/a
n/a
1.5"
n/a
MT-22
4591K13
8863T58
5388K24
n/a
n/a
Price for 1
$1.93
$3.69
$4.61
$9.48
$2.21
$6.97
$9.00
$3.69
$9.84
$19.09
$5.33
Quantity
2
2
Price for 1
$29.99
$13.16
$6.73
$2.27
$0.00
$189.00
$3.05
$6.59
$7.37
$38.02
$49.75
Quantity
Price per Qty
1
$1.93
1
$3.69
1
$4.61
1
$9.48
1
$2.21
1
$6.97
1
$9.00
2
$7.38
2
$19.68
1
$19.09
2
$10.66
Subtotal:
$94.70
Shipping
Price per Qty
133.67
$211.91
$17.90
Subtotal:
$229.81
Quantity
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Subtotal:
Price per Qty
$29.99
$26.32
$6.73
$4.54
$0.00
$189.00
$3.05
$6.59
$7.37
$38.02
$49.75
$361.36
Drop Tower Price Comparison
Drop Tower Price Comparison
Tower Diameter
6in
Tower
Height
10ft
15ft
8in
$2,756.72 $3,759.71
$3,167.12 $4,375.11
 Using the 6in diameter by 15ft tall tower as a datum, the chart
shown below was produced.
Drop Tower Price Comparison
Tower Diameter
6in
Tower
Height
10ft
15ft
$410.40
8in
-$592.59
datum ($0) -$1,207.99
Questions?