Welcome to CJ 101!!
Kaplan University
Professor Chad Rosa
Unit 3
Kaplan University
A
few reminders……………………
Your Professor – Me 
 Minnesota
 Over
– southern metro area
18 years of criminal justice
experience including: private
security, state patrol, municipal
patrol officer and school resource
officer
Online Learning at KU

KU stands for Kaplan University

Each class is 10 weeks long
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Each week is called a Unit
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Each unit has several graded items –
check the gradebook!!
Online Learning at KU
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Each unit/week starts on Wednesday &
ends at 1159 pm EST on Tuesday
Start your work for each Unit early –
DON’T wait until the end of the week to
complete your work
Online Learning at KU
 Want
class?
 The
to be successful in my
following are the secrets…
Reading
Each unit has a reading link – which
tells you which chapter(s) to read
 Electronic book/chapters in
docsharing
 Powerpoints –
 Read both 
 Start your work for each Unit early –
DON’T wait until the end of the week
to complete your work

Discussion Questions
 Each
unit has a discussion board
question
 Always answer the question with
at least a 100 word response
 Always “reply” to one other
student for each question. Must
give good input and thought –
not “good post” etc
Quizzes
 Many
units will have a quiz
 You can always retake a quiz to
get a better grade – most recent
score is kept
 However, quizzes are only open
during the unit, never accepted
late
Seminars
 EASTERN
TIME
 No seminar during units 5 or 10
 Participation & quality input
 If
you miss a seminar – alternate
assignment to DocSharing, NOT
Dropbox 
Seminars
 If
you miss a seminar –
 Review the instructions in the
seminar link of each unit.
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To receive credit for the seminar if you are unable to
attend, you are required to write a 1 page paper
summary on what we covered.
Review the seminar archive for additional information.
Submit your assignment using the Doc Sharing tab.
Select the option to send to your instructor only.
More Success
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Go in to DocSharing and print out my
example paper and EXACTLY follow
that format
MUST write all papers in a Microsoft Word
document
MUST write in Times New Roman size 12
font and double space
Cover/title page, body of text and
reference page
Gradebook
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Always check your grade book
Click on each individual grade so you can
read my comments
You can always redo and resubmit any
work for a better grade – BUT only within
ONE week
For example, you receive a low grade on
your Unit 2 paper – you have until the end
of Unit 3 to resubmit it if you want to
Late Work
 Late
work will only be
accepted one week late – for
up to full credit
 After one week – no credit will
be given
Unit 2 Recap!!
 Graded
items:
 Discussion
 Quiz
 Seminar
board
What do I have to do to
complete this unit?
 Read
Chapter 6
 Discussion Board
 Attend the Seminar
 Complete the Quiz.
 Matching Project – next slide
Unit 3 Matching Project
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Matching Project – Key Terms
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Probation
Parole
Booking
Warrant
Grand Jury
Indictment
Bail
Parole Revocation
Unit 3
Policing: Purpose and Organization
Unit 3 examines the history of police organization,
the methods used to combat crime, and the
growing role of technology in policing.
Unit 3
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The organizational model of U.S. police
agencies.
The roles played by patrol officers and
detectives in law enforcement.
About the effectiveness of specialized
methods of policing such as community
oriented policing (COP) and problem
oriented policing.
The legal environment of policing.
Unit 3 - Policing
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Explain the basic purposes of policing in
democratic societies…
Unit 3 - Policing
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The Police Mission
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The purposes of policing in democratic
societies is to:
Enforce and support the laws
 Investigate crimes/apprehend offenders
 Prevent crime
 Ensure domestic peace and tranquility
 Provide the community with enforcement–related
services
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Unit 3 - Policing
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Enforcing the Law
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Only about 10–20% of all calls to the police
require a law enforcement response.
Police cannot enforce all of the laws.
Resources are limited.
Law enforcement priorities are significantly
affected by community needs. Individual
discretion also impacts them.
Police are expected to support the laws they
enforce.
Unit 3 - Policing
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Apprehending Offenders
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Offenders may be apprehended:
While committing a crime
 Shortly after committing a crime
 After an extensive investigation
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Unit 3 - Policing
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Preventing Crime
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Crime prevention is proactive. It aims to:
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Reduce crime and criminal opportunities
Lower the rewards of crime
Lessen the fear of crime
Law enforcement’s ability to prevent crimes relies in
part on their ability to predict crime.
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Determining when and where crimes will occur
Allocating resources accordingly
Crime mapping, as with CompStat, helps
Unit 3 - Policing
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Preserving the Peace
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Law enforcement do a number of activities to help
ensure domestic peace and tranquility.
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Examples: Supervising parades and public
demonstrations
Officers may focus on quality-of-life offenses, acts
that create physical disorder or reflect social decay or
that could lead to further deterioration (broken
windows theory).
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Examples: Vandalism, excessive noise.
Unit 3 - Policing
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Providing Services
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Law enforcement provides the community
with enforcement-related services. Police are
just a phone call away.
Police handle emergency and non-emergency
calls, such as:
Barking dogs
 Lost and found items
 Minor accidents
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Unit 3 - Policing
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List and discuss the five core operational
strategies of today's police departments…
Unit 3 - Policing
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Operational Strategies
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There are five core operational strategies, each with
unique features:
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Preventive patrol
Routine incident response
Emergency response
Criminal investigation
Problem solving
Additionally, there is an ancillary operational strategy:
support services.
Unit 3 - Policing
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Preventive Patrol
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The dominant operational policing strategy is
preventive patrol, which places uniformed officers on
the street in the midst of the public.
Patrol is designed to:
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Deter crimes
Interrupt crimes in progress
Position officers for quick response to emergencies
Increase the public’s feeling of safety and security
Unit 3 - Policing
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Routine Incident Response
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Routine incident responses include restoring order,
documenting information, or provide another
immediate service to the parties involved in routine
occurrences such as minor traffic accidents.
This is the second most common police activity.
Having a good response time is strongly linked to
citizen satisfaction.
Unit 3 - Policing
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Emergency Response
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Emergency responses (or critical incidents)
occur in response to crimes in progress,
serious injuries, natural disasters, and other
situations in which human lives may be in
jeopardy.
Unit 3 - Policing
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Criminal Investigation
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Criminal investigations dominate media
attention but constitute a relatively small
proportion of police work.
An investigation involves discovering,
collecting, preparing, identifying, and
presenting evidence to determine what
happened and who is responsible.
Unit 3 - Policing
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Problem Solving
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Problem solving policing requires:
Gathering knowledge of problem causes
 Developing solutions in partnership with the
community
 Responding with a workable plan
 Assessing the progress
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Unit 3 - Policing
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Support Services
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Support services are ancillary services such as
dispatch, training, personnel, property
control, and record-keeping that keep
agencies running.
Unit 3 – Policing
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Policing Styles
Identify the three styles of policing, and
discuss differences in these approaches…
Unit 3 – Policing
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History helps shape policing styles, how
agencies see their purpose, and choose to
fulfill it.
There are three basic policing styles:
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Watchman
Legalistic
Service
Unit 3 – Policing
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The Watchman Style of Policing
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The watchman style of policing are typically in
lower- or lower-middle class areas that have a
lot of crime.
This style is marked by:
Order maintenance
 Controlling illegal and disruptive behavior
 Considerable use of discretion
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Unit 3 – Policing
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The Legalistic Style of Policing
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Legalistic style police departments are
committed to enforcing the letter of the law
and take a “laissez faire” stance on behaviors
that are simply bothersome.
Unit 3 – Policing
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The Service Style of Policing
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Service style police departments strive to
meet community needs. They are:
Concerned with helping rather than strictly
enforcing the laws.
 More likely to supplement law enforcement
activities with community resources.
 Popular today.
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Unit 3 – Policing
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Describe the changed role of American
police in the post 9/11 environment…
Unit 3 – Policing
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Terrorism’s Impact on Policing
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The September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks
changed the role of police departments.
The core mission has not changed, but all
police departments now devote much more
resources to preparing for a possible terrorist
attack and intelligence gathering.
The International Association of
Chiefs of Police (IACP) Approach
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IACP identified five key principles behind an
effective homeland security policy.
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Proposals must be developed in local context.
Prevention is a key part of any strategy.
State and local law enforcement can help identify,
investigate, and apprehend terrorist suspects.
Strategies must be coordinated nationally, not
federally.
There cannot be a one-size-fits-all approach.
Unit 3 – Policing
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Ethics and Professionalism
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Explain police discretion and how it affects the
practice of contemporary law enforcement…
Why is professionalism important in policing
today?
Unit 3 – Policing
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Discretion and the Individual Officer
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Even as police agencies adapt to threats
posed by terrorism, individual officers still
retain a considerable amount of discretion.
discretion = choice
Unit 3 – Policing
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Factors that Influence Discretion
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There are a number of factors that influence police
decision making, including:
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Officer’s background
Suspect’s characteristics
Department policy
Community interest
Pressure from victim
Disagreement with the law
Unit 3 – Policing
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Professionalism and Ethics
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Today’s demands for police professionalism
require that police officers have specialized
knowledge and they adhere to professional
standards and police ethics.
Accreditation is a step toward greater
professionalism.
 Ethics training is integrated into most basic
training programs.
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Unit 3 - Policing
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Education and Training
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Modern police education programs involve
training in areas like:
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Human relations
Firearms
Communications
Legal issues
Patrol
Investigations
Report writing
A post-academy field training program (PTO) is a
recent development in police training
Unit 3 - Policing
 Education

and Training
According to a 1999 Bureau of Justice
Report, the median number of classroom
training hours required of new officers is:
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823
760
640
448
for
for
for
for
state police
county
municipal
sheriffs
Unit 3 - Policing
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Formal Education
Formal education is not required by all police
departments, though for decades it has been
recommended by several Commissions and
groups.
Departments vary with regard to hiring
requirements. Some require no college; others
require a four-year degree. Most federal agencies
require college degrees.
Unit 3 - Policing
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What are some of the benefits and
problems associated with hiring educated
officers?
Everybody take a shot at it!!!!
Benefits and Problems Associated with
Hiring Educated Police Officers
Benefits
Better written reports
Enhanced public
communication skills
More effective job
performance
Fewer citizen complaints
Greater initiative
Wiser use of discretion
Heightened sensitivity to
racial and ethnic issues
Fewer disciplinary
problems
Problems
More likely to leave police
work
More likely to question
orders
More likely to request
reassignments
Unit 3 - Policing
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Recruitment and Selection
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Law enforcement agencies use a variety of
applicant screening methods, including:
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Personal interviews
Basic skills tests
Physical agility measures
Medical exams
Drug tests
Background investigations
Psychological testing
Percentage of Local Police Departments
Using Various Recruit-Screening Methods,
(Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2003)
Unit 3 – Policing
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Ethnic and Gender Diversity
Identify some of the issues related to
ethnic and gender diversity in policing,
and suggest ways of addressing them…
Unit 3 – Policing
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Ethnic and Gender Diversity in Policing
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Opportunities for women and minorities in
policing are expanding.
Many departments have dramatically
increased their complement of officers from
unrepresented groups.
In 2000, 22.7% of officers were racial and ethnic
minorities.
 Women are still significantly underrepresented,
accounting for only 13% of all sworn officers.
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Unit 3 – Policing
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Ethnic and Gender Diversity in Policing
Although ethnic minorities are now
employed in policing in significant
numbers, women are still significantly
underrepresented, especially in top
command positions.
Unit 3 – Policing
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Women as Effective Police Officers
Some women have integrated well into
the role of police officer. Others feel
strain and isolation.
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Strain caused by family roles and parenting,
underutilization, uncooperative attitudes of
male officers.
Unit 3 – Policing
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Increasing the Number of Minorities and
Women in Police Work
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The Police Foundation recommends:
Involving underrepresented groups in
departmental affirmative action and long-term
planning programs.
 Encouraging the development of an open
promotion system.
 Periodic audits to make sure that female officers
are not being underutilized by ineffective tracking
into clerical and support positions.
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Unit 3 Requirements
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Review Key Terms
Read Chapter 6
Complete the Matching Project
Complete Quiz
Attend Seminar
Respond to the Discussion Board – 100 word
answer and respond to at least one other
student
Complete everything by Tuesday at 1159pm EST
Good Night

That is all I have for tonight!! Have a
great upcoming week!! 