All About Bones
The Skeletal System
Do Now 10-10-14 (Fri)
 How many bones
can you name?
Bones to Know:
Appendicular Skeleton:
Pectoral Girdle
6.
Scapula
7.
Clavicle
 Upper Limb
8.
Humerus
9.
Radius
10.
Ulna
11.
Carpals
12.
Metacarpals
13.
Phalanges
 Pelvic Girdle
14.
Pelvis
 Lower Limb
15.
Femur
16.
Patella
17.
Fibula
18.
Tibia
19.
Tarsals
20.
Metatarsals
21.
Phalanges

Axial Skeleton:
 Skull
1.
2.
Skull
Hyoid Bone
 Vertebral Column
3.
Vertebrae
 Thoracic Cage
4.
5.
Ribs
Sternum
Axial and Appendicular
Axial Portion
Skull
What about that Hyoid bone..
Vertebrate
Ribs
Sternum
Appendicular Portion
Pelvis
Clavicle
Scapula
 What is the common
name for the clavicle?
 What is the common
name for the scapula?
Humerus
Radius and Ulna
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Femur
Patella
Tibia and Fibula
Tibia/Fibula vs Radius/Ulna
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges
Tarsal Bones vs Carpal Bones
Types of Bones
How many bones are there??
 In a newborn
there are 300!!!!!
How many bones are there?
 In an adult, that are 206!!!
 That is almost 100 fewer
than infants.
What is the largest bone?
 The Femur!
What is the smallest bone?
Exit Ticket
 Name the bones listed below.
4
3
1
2
5
Skeletal Disorders
All About Bones
DO NOW
 Can you name any skeletal disorders?
 What do you know about them?
 What would you like to know?
Skeletal Disorder Assignment
 Research 1 Skeletal Disorder {>2 questions to find the
answer to} to share with the class.
 There will be one question about this topic on the test.
Fractures
Activity
 Create a foldable (like the one we did for the organ systems)
that details the different types of fractures.
 Name the fracture
 Give the definition of the fracture
 Draw it
 Classify the difficulty to heal (how do bones heal, what
process?)
 There are 9 different fractures
Exit Ticket
 Which fracture do you think are the hardest to
mend? Why?
 Which fracture do you think are the easiest to
mend? Why?
Males vs. Females
All About Bones
Take Notes on slides 45 -62
 How can you distinguish between males and females?
 Don’t just make a list, describe the differences.
Activity
 You are a world-renowned bone expert.
 You just received an urgent call from your Supervisor. He has
informed you that a jogger has discovered a body in the woods.
The body is nearly decayed and the police need to know if the
victim is male or female.
Some clues
 There are distinct difference in the bones that distinguish
males from females
The Pelvis
 Female Pelvic bones
 Broader sciatic notch
 Raised auricular surface
 Males Pelvic Bones
 Narrower sciatic notch
 Flat auricular surface
The Pelvis
Male or Female?
Male or Female?
Male or Female?
Male or Female?
Skull
 Male skulls
1. Larger than females
2. Larger brow ridge
a. Sloping, less rounded forehead
3. Larger projections behind ears
4. Square chin
5. Greater definition of muscle attachment areas
on the back of the head
Skull: Male
Skull
 Female
Smoother bone surfaces where muscles
attach
2. Less pronounced brow ridges
1.
a. More vertical forehead
Sharp upper margins of the eyes orbits
4. Smaller projections behind the ears
5. Chin more pointed
3.
a. Larger, obtuse angle of the jaw
Skull: Female
Male or Female?
Male or Female?
Male or Female?
Checklist for examining the skull
 For each category, describe what you see and determine male
or female for that feature.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Brow ridge
Neck muscle attachments
Mastoid Process
Upper eye orbit margin
Angle of jaw
Chin
From there you can make a better estimate as to the sex.
Exit Ticket
 What is the easiest way to determine the gender (using the
skeleton) of an individual, and why?
Off you go!!
 Work in small groups to determine the sex of the skeleton.
 Turn in work individually!
Determining Your Height
All About Bones
Do Now
 Which bones do you think would be the best for determining
the height of an individual. Defend your answer.
 You must pick one bone.
Determining Height from Bone Length
 It is possible to determine the height of an individual based
on the length of one bone.
 This is useful because sometimes all that police recover is a
few bones.
Activity
 In this activity you will calculate the height of the person by
looking at the
1. Bones in the arm.
 Which are?
2.
And the bones in the leg.
 Which are?
Activity
 Break into groups of 4.






Pick 1 person in your group to be the test subject.
2 of you will measure the arm bones
2 of you will measure the leg bones
Use the appropriate equations to figure height
Construct a Data Table to record and make calculations
Then compare your results to actual height
How accurate are you to the actual height of the person?
2. Which equation is more accurate?
1.
Important Equations: Arms
 Using the Humerus
 Males
 Height = (length of humerus x 2.9) + 27.8
 Females
 Height = (length of humerus x 2.8) + 28.1
 Using the Radius
 Males
 Height = (length of radius x 3.3) + 34
 Female
 Height = (length of radius x 3.3) + 32
Important Equations: Legs
 Using the Tibia
 Males
 Height = (2.42 x tibia length in cm) + 81.93
 Female
 Height = (2.90 x tibia length in cm) + 61.53
 Using the femur
 Males
 Height = (2.32 x length of femur in cm) + 65.53 + 3.9
 Female
 Height = (2.47 x length of femur in cm) + 54.10 + 3.72
Exit Ticket
 In some cases all that a forensics team has to go on is a bone.
 What are your conclusions regarding the level of accuracy
you can obtain in predicting height based on one or two
bones?