Matter and Molecules Review Chapter 3 Review Vocabulary In living things, carbohydrates are broken down into ______________ for fuel. Simple Sugars Vocabulary Long chains of _______ make proteins. Amino Acids Vocabulary A chemical reaction can be represented by a __________. Chemical Equation Vocabulary A substance that is made up of more than one kind of element is called a ___________. Compound Vocabulary Anything that takes up space and has mass is _________. Matter Vocabulary The raw materials in a chemical reaction are called __________. Reactants Vocabulary Cell activities in living things are directed by ___________. Nucleic Acids What’s the Difference? Chemical Symbol vs. Chemical Formula Symbol- one- or two-letter symbol for an element. Formula- combination of chemical symbols used to represent a compound. What’s the Difference? Reactant vs. Product Reactant- substance used up in chemical reaction (usually on left). Productsubstance that is produced by a chemical reaction (right side). What’s the Difference? Amino acids vs. Nucleic Acids Amino Acids- building blocks of proteins. Nucleic Acidsmolecules that help direct cell activities and cell reproduction. What the Difference? Mixture vs. Solution Mixture- two or more compounds that do not combine chemically. Solution- type of mixture in which the substances mix evenly. What’s the Difference? Element vs. Compound Element- basic substances that make up matter. Compound- substance made up of more than one element. What’s the Difference Organic Compound vs. Inorganic Compound Organic- found in living things and generally contain Carbon. Inorganic- generally do not contain Carbon. What’s the Difference? Atom vs. Molecule Atom- building blocks of elements. Moleculesbuilding blocks of compounds. Check Your Knowledge How many types of atoms can be contained in an element? One Check Your Knowledge How does your body use proteins? Proteins are used to build and repair body parts, to speed up chemical reactions, and to protect the body from diseases. Check Your Knowledge What is Matter? Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. Check Your Knowledge Starches and sugars are examples of what type of organic compound? Carbohydrates Check Your Knowledge What form of matter has definite volume but not definite shape? Liquid Check Your Knowledge Name the three phases of matter. Solid, Liquid, Gas Check Your Knowledge What happens during a chemical change? Atoms are rearranged to form new compounds. Check Your Knowledge How do chemists represent elements? With one- or two-letter symbols. Check Your Knowledge What is the difference between organic and inorganic compounds? Organic contain Carbon; inorganic don’t. Check Your Knowledge Give an example of a physical change. Ex. Ice melting, ripping a piece of paper, cutting a rubber band. True or False? Molecules are made up of atoms and are the building blocks of elements. False; Compounds True of False? A physical change occurs when ice melts. True True or False? A chemical change affects a substance’s characteristics but does not change its identity. False; Physical Change True of False? Organic compounds include proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. True True of False? In chemical equations, chemical formulas represent compounds. True True or False? You balance a chemical equation by placing letters called coefficients in front of the chemical formulas. False; Numbers Check Your Understanding What is the difference between a solid, a liquid, and a gas? Solid- definite shape and volume; particles close together. Liquid- definite volume. Gas- no definite shape or volume; particles spread out. Check Your Understanding What are the three parts that make up an atom? What are their charges? Where are they located? Protons- in nucleus; positive charge. Neutron- in nucleus; no charge. Electron floating around nucleus; negative charge. Check Your Understanding What do the subscripts in a chemical formula indicate? The number of atoms in a molecule. Check Your Understanding What’s the difference between DNA and RNA? DNA- directs cell to perform processes. RNA- carries information elsewhere in cell. Check Your Understanding How many Hydrogen atoms are in the molecule: 2C6H12O6 24