Chemistry 101
Inorganic Chapter 1
© 2003 Mark S. Davis
Why Study Chemistry?
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Need
Value
INFORMATION
Chemistry is everything
– Computer chips
© 2003 Mark S. Davis
Industry
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Peanuts
Polymers
Soap
Food
Cars
Makeup
© 2003 Mark S. Davis
States of Matter
• Solid
• Liquid
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States of matter
• Gas
• Plasma
© 2003 Mark S. Davis
Classifying substances
• Mixtures
• Solution
• Compound
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Gatorade
Caesar salad
Water
Coffee
An iron nail
Air
milk
© 2003 Mark S. Davis
Methods of separation
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Filtration
Sublimation
Evaporation
Distillation
Chromatography
decantation
© 2003 Mark S. Davis
Measurement
SI system (metric)
Length
Mass
Temperature
Time
Amount of substance
Electric current
Luminous intensity
Meter (m)
Kilogram (kg)
Kelvin (k)
Second (s)
Mole (mol)
Ampere (amp)
Candela (cd)
© 2003 Mark S. Davis
Non SI units
• Volume ------------• Energy -------------
© 2003 Mark S. Davis
Metric Units
• See table 1.4 p 11
• You should know:
© 2003 Mark S. Davis
Conversions
• Method 1: ladder
• Method 2: ratios
• Method 3: unit conversion (1.7)
© 2003 Mark S. Davis
Significant Figures
• Exact numbers
• Uncertainty in measurements
– Inherent error in equipment
– I.e. A balance can be off by ± 0.01 g
• Numbers are reported in significant
digits
© 2003 Mark S. Davis
What numbers are significant?
• Rules
– All non zeroes are
significant
– Zeroes between
nonzeroes are
significant
– Zero before is not
– Zero after is
– Zero after with no
decimal point is not
© 2003 Mark S. Davis
Scientific Notation
• Use number x 10n
– 4.5 x 102 = 450
• Express in scientific
notation
• Calculators
– EE, E, EXP
© 2003 Mark S. Davis
Calculations with Significant
Figures
• Add/subtract – Line up decimal, round
to the last full column to the right
• Multiply/divide – express answer in
same number of digits as smallest
value in problem
• Only round after problem is complete
© 2003 Mark S. Davis
A little vocab…
• Define
– Mass (g)
– Volume (mL)
– Density (g/mL)
© 2003 Mark S. Davis
Density and Whales
• Box p. 24
© 2003 Mark S. Davis
Temperature
• Scale of ‘hotness’
• Amount of heat (energy, molecular
movement) in something
• Scales
© 2003 Mark S. Davis
Conversions
• oC to oF
• oC to K
© 2003 Mark S. Davis
Calorimetry
• Measurement of heat (amount of
energy in something)
• Food and bomb calorimeter
© 2003 Mark S. Davis
Specific Heat
• Amount of energy needed to raise the
temperature of 1 gram of a substance
by 1 oC
• See table 1.6 p. 30
• Measured in Joules/(1 g *1oC)
© 2003 Mark S. Davis
Equation
• Q = m x Cp x T
• Where
© 2003 Mark S. Davis
Calculations of Specific Heat
© 2003 Mark S. Davis