STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
OF THE CELL
CHAPTER 4
CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION- CHAPTER 4 VOCABULARY (33 words)
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Cell
Cytoplasm
Prokaryote
Tissue
Phospholipid bilayer
Nucleolus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Cytoskeleton
Cilium
Cell wall
chlorophyll
2. Cell theory
5. cytosol
8. eukaryote
11. organ
14. chromosome
17. ribosome
20. Golgi apparatus
23. microtubule
26. flagellum
29. plastid
32. chloroplast
3. plasma membrane
6. nucleus
9. organelle
12. organ system
15. nuclear envelope
18. mitochondrion
21. lysosomes
24. microfilament
27. centriole
30. central vacuole
33. thylakoids
Cell
The Cell Theory
All living things are composed of one or
more cells.
•
Cells are the basic units of structure and
function in an organism.
•
Cells come only from the reproduction of
existing cells.
•
The surface area/volume ratio…
… decreases as the size of the cell increases.
This limits the size a cell can grow.
•
Nutrients cannot effectively get to all areas of the
cell if the surface area is too small compared to
the volume of the cell.
Cell Diversity
• Eukaryotic cells: have a membrane bound
nucleus and membrane bound organelles.
Prokaryotic cells: do not have a nucleus or
membrane bound organelles
Eukaryotic Cell Structures
• Cell membrane: a phospholipid bilayer
• Peripheral proteins are found on each surface
of the cell membrane.
• Integral proteins are embedded in the cell
membrane.
• Lipids and proteins can move laterally within
the cell membrane.
Organelles “little organs”
• Mitochondria:
produces ATP
(energy)
Ribsomes: synthesizes proteins
• Endoplasmic
reticulum (ER): a
network of
membranes that
channel molecules
through a cell.
Golgi Apparatus: packages cellular products.
Lysosomes: breaks down and destroys
molecules
Microfilaments and microtubules:
comprises the cellular framework and helps the
cell to divide when it reproduces.
Cilia (hairs) and flagella (tails): cause
cellular movement.
Nucleus: contains DNA and makes RNA.
Nucleolus: make ribosomes
Cell wall: supports and protects cells.
Vacuoles: stores enzymes and waste
products.
Plastid: Makes and stores food and cell
pigments. (example: Chloroplast)
Multicellular organization
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Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organism
Evolution of multicellular organization
1. Prokaryotic cells are found first in the fossil
records
2. Eukaryotic cells appear later in the fossil
record.
3. Colonial organisms
4. Multicellular organisms