Vocabulary Review Cells Smallest Unit of Life CELL First to use a simple microscope to draw cork cells from dead plants ROBERT HOOKE First person to see and draw living cells LEEUWENHOEK Idea that all living things are made of cells CELL THEORY What new cells come from EXISTING CELLS A constant internal environment maintained by cells HOMEOSTASIS This grows faster that the surface area of a cell CELL VOLUME This determines the function of a cell SHAPE Surrounds the outside of cells & controls what enters and leaves CELL MEMBRANE The fluid and organelles between the cell membrane and nuclear membrane CYTOPLASM Fluid making up the cytoplasm CYTOSOL Control center of the cell where DNA is located NUCLEUS Genetic material of a cell DNA The phospholipid heads that attract water HYDROPHILIC Cells lacking a nucleus & no membrane-bound organelles PROKARYOTES Region in bacteria where DNA (single chromosome) NUCLEOID Domain containing ancient bacterial forms ARCHAEA Cell structure that perform a specific job for a cell ORGANELLE Cells that have a nucleus and membranebound organelles EUKARYOTE Organisms composed of more than one cell MULTICELLULAR Made of similar cells working together to do a particular job TISSUES Made of organs working together to do a particular job ORGAN SYSTEM A double layer of these molecules make up the cell membrane PHOSPHOLIPIDS The tails of phospholipids are this; means it doesn’t like water HYDROPHOBIC The model of phospholipids and embedded proteins of the cell membrane FLUID MOSAIC Proteins embedded in the cell membrane INTEGRAL PROTEINS Uncoiled chromosomes in the nucleus of nondividing cells CHROMATIN Genetic material in the nucleus made of DNA and protein CHROMOSOMES Double layer with pores surrounding the nucleus NUCLEAR ENVELOPE Organelle inside of the nucleus that makes ribosomes NUCLEOLUS Openings in the nuclear envelope NUCLEAR PORES Made of rRNA and protein and assembly amino acids into a polypeptide chain RIBOSOMES Long, whip-like structures used by some cells for movement FLAGELLA Site of cellular respiration MITOCHONDRIA Unattached ribosomes in the cytoplasm FREE RIBOSOMES Energy molecule used by cells to do work ATP Proteins attached only to one side of the cell membrane PERIPHERAL PROTEINS System of membranes and tubes in the cytoplasm connecting the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM ER with ribosomes attached to its surface ROUGH ER System of flattened sacs that modify and package proteins GOLGI Small sacs containing cell products that can be transported from the cell VESICLES Organelle that digests food and worn out cell parts LYSOSOMES Made of microtubules and microfilaments to give support to cells and move organelles CYTOSKELETON Organelle made of microtubules in animal cells that helps form the spindle for cell division CENTRIOLES Short, hair-like structures that help some cells move CILIA Made of cellulose and surrounds the outside of plant cells CELL WALL Organelle that contains pigments in plant cells PLASTID The largest organelle found in plants containing the cell sap CENTRAL VACUOLE ER that makes cholesterol & helps detoxify poisons SMOOTH ER