Complete this study guide for the opportunity to earn 10 extra points on your final exam grade. Only study guides that are
COMPLETE and HANDWRITTEN will be graded for credit. Any of the material on this review could be tested on the final exam!
1. In an experiment, what is: a. The independent variable: __ what is being tested or changed on purpose_ b. The dependent variable: ___ what is being measured c. The control: _____ what the results of the test is compared to; the normal standard d. A constant: ______ part of the experiments that stays the same _
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Look at the information below:
2. What is the hypothesis for this experiment? a.
If you shuffle the cards more times, then you are probably alert. b.
If you can sort playing cards, then you are probably alert. c.
If it is early in the morning, then you are alert.
3. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the data shown above? a.
Alertness is directly related to the level of distraction. b.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness. c.
Alertness levels vary during the day. d.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.
4. Name a constant for this experiment: _ cards, times
shuffled,

5. The picture shows an experiment designed to investigate activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?
D
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
6.
A prokaryotic cell has all the parts listed below
EXCEPT: a.
Ribosomes b.
Cell membrane c.
Nucleus d.
Genetic material
7.
An animal cell has all the parts listed below EXCEPT: a.
Mitochondria b.
Chloroplast c.
Ribosomes d.
Golgi body
8.
Eukaryotic cells have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT: a.
They are easily viewed with a microscope. b.
They are large in size. c. They do not have a nucleus.
d. They are complex with many organelles.
9.
Living things do all of the following things EXCEPT: a.
Reproduce b.
Move c.
Use energy from foods d.
Respond to changes in the environment
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10. Use the Venn Diagram below to show what prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells have in common. See pages 172-
173
11. Use the Venn Diagram below to show what plant and animal cells have in common. See Figure 7-6, page 175
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12.
If a cell was missing mitochondria, which of the functions below would the cell not be able to do? a.
Metabolism b.
Respond to its environment c.
Make ATP (energy) d.
It would not be able to do any of the things listed above.
13.
If a plant cell was missing chloroplasts, what would it not be able to do? a.
Move from predators. b.
Reproduce. c.
Produce sugars from sunlight. d.
Absorb water from its roots.
Science Skills Review
14. What volume should be reported for the solution in this graduated cylinder?
A. 64.0 mL
B. 56.2 mL
C. 56.0 mL
D. 50.6 mL

Atom
WORD BANK
Element Water
Carbohydrate
Monosaccharide
Protein
Polysaccharide
Lipid
Nucleic acid
15. These organic molecules are used as energy sources and include things like sugars and starches. ______ carbs __
16. This is the smallest unit of matter and contains electrons, protons and neutrons.
_______ atom ______________
17. These organic molecules are made of amino acids and can be used to build muscles, hair, feathers and are also used as enzymes. ____ protein ___________________
18. DNA and RNA, which are responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information are two types of this organic molecule. ____ nucleic acid _
19. These organic molecules are simple sugars and include things like glucose and are the building blocks of larger carbohydrates like starch. _____ monosaccharides __
20. These organic molecules are made up of a glycerol molecule and three fatty acids. They are used to store energy and are a major part of the cell membrane.
___ lipid _________
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20.
The diagram below shows: a.
Nucleotide b.
Amino acid c.
Carbohydrate d.
Lipid
21.
The diagram below shows: a.
Nucleotide b.
Amino acid c.
Carbohydrate d.
Lipid
22.
Which diagram below contains a person’s heredity material?_
A _ Which make up cell membranes? B _
A.
B.

Look at the graph of enzyme activity below and answer the questions that follow. ***Textbook chapter 6 section 2
for answers 24, 25
24. What does this graph tell you about how temperature affects enzyme activity? Enzyme works best an optimal temp, in this example 49 o C. If temp is too low or too high, the enzyme activity decrease.
25. Why do you think the activity of the enzyme declines after 40 degrees? The enzyme’s shape changes
(enzyme is denatured), and the substrate (reactant of the enzyme) can no longer bind at the enzyme’s active site.
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Use the graph below to answer the questions that follow.
26. According to the graph above, do all enzymes work at the same pH level? ___ no ________
27. Which enzyme works best at an acidic pH? pepsin
28. Which enzyme works best at a neutral pH? salivary
amylase
29.
What happens to enzymes when they are not at their ideal pH level? Enzyme activity is reduced or stops

30.
Which of the elements below is not an element found in living things? a.
Carbon b.
Hydrogen c.
Plutonium d.
Sulfur
31.
Which one of these is not the job of a protein? e.
Makes up hair, feathers and scales f.
Is used as an energy source g.
Can be used to fight off illnesses in the immune system h.
Makes up enzymes
32. Name two examples of a polysaccharide: a. starch b. cellulose (found in plant cell walls)
33.
What is an enzyme? _ a chemical that speeds up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy
34.
What is a substrate? The molecule that binds to the enzyme at the active site
35.
What is the activation energy of a chemical reaction? the amount of energy needed to start the reaction
36.
Do you think that the activation energy is the same for all chemical reactions? Why or why not? no because some chemical reactions may take more or less energy
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37.
What is the active site of an enzyme? the place where the substrate binds to the enzyme
38.
What would happen if the active site of an enzyme was blocked by something? enzyme action would be affected or the enzyme would not work at all
***Textbook chapter 2 for answers 35-41***
Look at the graph below and answer the questions that follow
39.
What temperature gives the greatest speed of reaction for enzyme J? 50 o C
40.
Predict what temperature would give the greatest speed of reaction for enzyme I. 60-70 o C

Label the picture of the cell membrane below using the following labels:
Phospholipids Channel Anchor Carbohydrates
Cholesterol proteins proteins
41.
Protein and dietary fiber are beneficial to health.
According to the information in the table, which flour is the most nutritious? a.
Whole wheat b.
White wheat c.
Oat d.
Rice
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Match the name of the cell membrane part in column A to its function in column B.
Column A
42. cholesterol
Column B
A. allows large molecules to pass through
43. integral proteins the cell membrane 43
B. made of a special fat which has a water loving part and a water hating part 46
44 . peripheral proteins C. allows the cell to identify other cells 45
45. carbohydrate D. is stuck in between phospholipids and keeps the cell membrane from freezing 42
46. phospholipids E. allows the cytoskeleton to attach to the inside of the cell membrane 44

47. What is the job of the cell membrane? regulates materials entering and leaving the cell
Matching. Match the terms in column A to their definitions in column B.
Column A
48. solute
49. solvent
Column B
A. A mixture of a solute and a solvent 50
B. Usually a solid or a gas that is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution 48
50. solution C. Usually a liquid that dissolves a substance to make a solution 49
Matching. Match the terms in column A to their definitions in column B.
Column A Column B
51. hypotonic A. passive movement of substances from high
52. isotonic concentration to low concentration 54
B. a solution that has more water than dissolved substances 51
53. hypertonic C. passive movement of water from high concentration to low concentration across a semi-permeable membrane 55
54. diffusion D. a solution that has equal amounts of water and dissolved substances 52
55. osmosis E. a solution that has more dissolved substances than water 53
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Multiple Choice. Choose the best answer from the choices given.
56. The cell membrane of a red blood cell will allow water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and glucose to pass through. Because other substances are blocked from entering this membrane is called a.
perforated b.
semi-permeable c.
non-conductive d.
permeable
57. Look at the diagrams below and draw an arrow to show which way water will move in each system.
CELL
90% water
10% salt
ENVIRONMENT
85% water
15% salt
CELL
70% water
30% sugar
ENVIRONMENT
100% water
0% sugar
CELL
97% water
3% dissolved substances
ENVIRONMENT
70% water
30% dissolved substances

Starch turns blue-black in the presence of iodine solution. A selectively permeable dialysis sac containing a starch solution is placed into a beaker of iodine solution.
59.
Describe what kind of solutions the cells below have been placed in: hypertonic, isotonic or hypotonic.
58. If the dialysis sac is permeable only to water and iodine, what will the solutions in the beaker and the sac look like after two hours? a.
The iodine solution in the beaker will turn blue-black; the starch solution will not change. b.
The starch solution in the dialysis sac will turn blueblack; the iodine solution will not change. c.
Neither solution will turn blue-black. d.
Both solutions will turn blue-black.
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Hypertonic Isotonic Hypotonic
60.
What happens during each of the phases of the cell cycle: a.
G1 phase: growth and protein making b.
S phase: _DNA synthesis- copying DNA c.
G2 phase: growth and protein making; preparation for cell division__

61.
Identify the stages of mitosis shown in the picture below: A. anaphase B. prophase C. interphase D. telophase E. metaphase
62.
What is the result when cells divide uncontrollably?
___cancer__________________
63.
5' G T A _ _ _ A A 3'
3' C A T G C A T T 5'
This segment of DNA has undergone a mutation in which three nucleotides have been deleted. A repair enzyme would fix the section by inserting which of the following? a.
CGT. b.
GCA. c.
CTG. d.
GTA.
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64.
Genetic engineering has produced goats whose milk contains proteins that can be used as medicines. This effect was produced by: a.
mixing foreign genes into the milk. b.
injecting foreign genes into the goats’ udders. c.
inserting foreign genes into fertilized goat eggs. d.
genetically modifying the nutritional needs of the goats’ offspring.
65. A nucleotide consists of a.
between one and three phospholipids and protein b.
glucose, fructose, and sucrose c.
a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base d.
two molecules of ATP and one molecule of ADP
66. The sides of the DNA helix are made of- a.
DNA bases and phosphates b.
RNA bases and sugars c.
Sugars and bases d.
Sugars and phosphates

Viruses 70. After a virus enters a host cell, one of two patterns of infection may occur. Choose the pattern of viral replication that does NOT kill the host immediately a.
Krebs cycle b.
Calvin cycle c.
Lytic cycle d.
Lysogenic cycle
67. The primary function of the structure labeled 1 in the diagram is—
A.
Assembling the parts of the virus
B.
Injecting viral DNA into a cell
C. Anchoring the virus to a cell
D. Storing and protecting viral DNA
68.Which labeled viral structure in the diagram stores viral DNA, similar to the way the nucleus stores cellular DNA?
A.
4
B.
3
C.
2
D.
1
69.The West Nile virus is responsible for causing encephalitis, swelling of the brain. Which of the following body systems is MOST affected by this virus?-
A.
Nervous system
B. Circulatory system
C. Muscular system
D. Digestive system
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71. The diagram validates which cycle a.
Krebs cycle b.
Calvin cycle c.
Lytic cycle d.
Lysogenic cycle
72.Scientists are designing new medicines to fight infectious diseases caused by viruses. One of the most effective ways these medicines could limit the spread of the virus within the body would be to 4C
A. prevent viruses from dividing
B. burst cells infected with viruses
C. stop viruses from attaching to cells
D. make it easier for viruses to leave cell

73.Which group correctly identifies the type of cells and organelles that carry out cellular respiration? 9B
A. Animal cell and mitochondria
B. Plant cell and chloroplast
C. Plant cell and vacuole
D. Bacterial cell and Ribosome
74.The products of photosynthesis are the reactants used in cellular respiration. They are- 9B
A. glucose and oxygen B. carbon dioxide and water
C. NADP and hydrogen D. ATP and water
Use the following diagram to answer question 75.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
X
GLUCOSE
&
OXYGEN
CELLULAR
RESPIRATION
75. The diagram above gives an overview of the processes behind energy production. What goes in box X? 9B
A.
Water & Sugar c. Carbon Dioxide and Water
B.
Water and Oxygen d. Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen
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76. The endosymbiotic theory is an attempt to explain the presence of the __________ in the eukaryotic cell.
a. Ribosomes and chloroplasts b. Mitochondria and flagella c. d.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts
Ribosomes and flagella
77.
The cells of skeletal muscle are long and cylindrical. Red blood cells are small and round. Which statement best explains why the two types of cells have different structures?
A. The blood cells erode as they move through the body.
B. The muscles are stretched each time they contract.
C. The blood cells and muscle cells are both shaped to suit their function.
D. The blood cells and muscle cells are made in different parts of the body.
78. Select the tissue that covers all surfaces that come into contact with the external environment.
A. Nervous tissue
B. Epithelial tissue (skin)
C. Muscular tissue
D. Connective tissue

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