Livia Chan
AP US History – Period 3
September 17, 2010
Chapter 3: Society and Culture in Provincial America
Key Terms (p.66-77)
Indentured servitude- (p.66-67)
 origins: already existed in Eng.; young women/men = servants to master for 4-5
yrs and in return = passage to Amer., food, shelter, males after service = get
clothes, tools land but in reality = nothing, women = marry masters
 indentured servants in Amer.: beginning at 1617, Engl. convicts = shipped to
Amer.; 1650s: Scottish and Irish prisoners from battle, unwanted people (i.e.
orphans, homeless, poor, dangerous), kidnapped, escape Engl. troubles, land, est.
own trade
 realities: some = farmers, tradespeople, artisans after service, but others = no land,
job, or family
 1670s: ↓ indent. serv. b/c ↓ Engl. birth rate and ↑ Engl. prosperity; those who did
become indent. serv. = avoid South b/c hard work + little chance to advance 
slaves imported to America
Exceptional Longevity in New England- (p.68) lived to be 60-70 yrs old, longer than
those of Eng. and Southern colonies; caused by cool climate, disease-free environ., clean
water, and absence of large pop. centers that might breed epidemics
Status of women
in S. probably
frowned upon in
places like Puritan
MA
Before I didn’t
understand why
Africans would sell
their own into
slavery but it makes
sense they were
enemies. Even then,
the act seems harsh
b/c slaves were
treated badly… Afr.
probably didn’t
know horrors/didn’t
care
More Balanced Sex Ratio- (p.68) more women arrived in colonies = ↑ birth rates and
more balanced sex ratio; ↑ pop. greatly in Amer. colonies
Women in Southern Colonies- (p.69-70) high mortality rate = more female widows =
undermined male authority; premarital sex, more independence for women b/c fewer
women = choose husband and outlive husband b/c marry early age  more economic
power b/c take over husband’s business; early 1700s balanced sex ration = revival of
patriarchy
Patriarchal Puritan Families- (p.71) nearly absolute male authority and women were
expected to be modest/inferior; women were expected to devote self to husband and
household needs
Middle Passage- (p.71) horrifying journey of slaves from Africa to Americas; Native Afr.
capture enemies and sold to European traders  chained in slaves ships, sometimes
captain made sure slaves were healthy for sale, others packed as much as could and threw
unhealthy ones off board
Royal African Company- (p.73) group in Eng. who monopolized slave trade in mainland
colonies and kept prices high while keeping supplies minimal; mid-1690s = control
broken  ↑ African arrivals in N. Amer.
Slave Codes- (p.75) passed by colonial assemblies in early 1700s; lmtd blacks’ rights and
ensured almost absolute authority to white masters, anyone w/ any African descent =
subject to codes
Huguenots- (p.75) earliest of non-Engl. European immigrants (French); Edict of Nantes
of 1598 allowed them to practically be state in Roman Catholic France but 1685 revoked
by French govt.  immigrated to N. Amer.
Pennsylvania Dutch- (p.75-76) people from Palatine French; exposed to invaders + 17081709 winter = move to Eng. / NY
Scots Irish- (p.76) Scottish Presbyterians; in 1700s Parliament prohibit some exports and
outlawed religion + increase land rent = to Amer.
September 20, 2010
Chapter 3: Society and Culture in Provincial America
Key Terms (p.78-90)
Southern economy- (p.78) only a few small cities but many large plantations
 Tobacco: strong Engl. demand of crop = overproduction = boom and bust in
1640s that cont. beyond colonial period
 Rice: cultivation = hard labor in sun and exposed to heat; whites = refuse 
import African slaves (more immune to malaria/ used to heat)
 Indigo: Eliza Lucas discovered could grow in S. Carolina  popular import in
Eng. and important crop w/ rice
I’ve seen signs of it
before on the road
Saugus Ironworks- (p.79) est. in MA in 1646s after iron ore deposits were found in
region; colonies attempt to used advcd iron tech. that was in Eng., ended in 1668 b/c
financial problems; 1st effort to successfully establish sig. metal industry in colonies
Peter Hasenclever- (p.79) German ironmaster who owned largest industrial enterprise in
N. Amer. (in NJ), founded in 1764 w/ hundreds of German workers; showed how metal
works = important part of colonial economy (especially in North)
Triangular Trade- (p.81) complex system of trade routes across Atlantic Ocean b/w N.
Amer. colonies, Europe, Eng., west coast Afr., and Caribbean; Middle Passage = part of
system; helped colonial commerce thrive
Higher class looking
cities = felt as if
they were of better
quality and
environment
Growing Consumerism- (p.82) material possessions = associate w/ social class; result of
separation b/w social classes becoming more distinct and Ind. Rev. (made people believe
buying goods = good for social life so would ↑ sales)
 Results: once luxuries = very common to have, material goods associated w/
social status  people thrived to be elegant lady/gentleman, created elegant public places
for social display
Only rich could
afford large labor
force
Social mobility- (p.83) moving ↑ or ↓ in social hierarchy; Eng. = less land more people ->
people w/ land = upper class but in Amer., there was more land than people so class
depend on having large labor force; higher chance of social mobility in colonies
Plantation economy- (p.84) successful planters could earn great profits and expand but if
crop grow out of demand, profits ↓ (everyone at risk); plantations were small and away
from cities
Stratified southern society- even though more farmers than large landowning
planters, planters in control b/c farmers rely on them
Stono Rebellion- (p.86) one of most important slave revolts in colonies; 1739 S. Carolina
100 Afr. slaves revolt and took weapons, killed whites, tried to escape to FL but revolt
quickly crushed and most rebels killed; one of few large slave revolts
Puritan Democracy- (p.86) Puritan town once est. could run own affairs w/out colonial
govt. interference; town meetings only for adult males who could prove they undergone
conversion experience
Explains why men
weren’t accused
Salem Witch Trials- (p.87-88) first only West Ind. accused but then more important
people; 19 Salem residents died before trials ended in 1692; women who were accused
were often w/out male-dominated family and ones who were independent; reflects
intolerance to change in gender role norms and highly religious societies
September 21, 2010
Chapter 3: Society and Culture in Provincial America
Key Terms (p.90-97)
Anti-Catholicism- (p.91) Protestants despised pope  anti-Catholic; viewed New France
(Canada) Catholics as commercial/military rivals and agents from Rome; 1691 overthrow
of original MD proprietors = Catholics lose political rights and no religious services
except in private houses
Jeremiads- (p.91) sermons by Puritan ministers about decreasing devotion to church;
even though Puritan faith = strong compared to others, New Englanders thought it was
more serious
There would also be a
Second Great
Awakening later on.
The Great Awakening- (p.91-92) began in 1730s: 1st American revival of religion;
encouraged people to leave past and renew relationship w/ God; reflect desire of how
many people wanted to leave communities/families to start new life
George Whitefield- (p.92) powerful preacher who made evangelizing tours in colonies;
knew John and Charles Wesley (founders of Methodism and helped spread religious
revival)
Some preachers
appealed to fear, like
Edwards, others
focused on people’s
emotions.
Jonathan Edwards- (p.92) New England Congregationalist who was orthodox Puritan;
preached about traditional Puritan ideas, vivid descriptions terrified people
Old Lights and New Lights- (p.92) division of existing congregations (new = revivalists,
old = traditionalists); different groups had different ideas (ex: some New Lights = edu.
bad b/c hindrance; others = support edu.)
Enlightenment- (p. 92) 1600s thinkers used reason and scientific inquiry rather than faith
to gain knowledge, encouraged people to ask themselves b/w right and wrong, not God;
some undermined/challenged the church, others didn’t
Colleges & Universities in colonies during Enlightenment:
 Harvard (est. 1636): 1st American college by General Court of MA; training
center for ministers, named after John Harvard
 William and Mary College (est. 1693): Williamsburg, VA by Anglicans to train
clergymen
Some of these
colleges/universities still  Yale (est. 1701): New Haven, CT by Congregationalists b/c disliked growing
exist today.
religious liberalism, named after Elihu Yale
 College of New Jersey [aka Princeton] (est. 1746): Princeton, NJ; est. b/c Great
Awakening
 King’s College [later Columbia] (est. 1754): NY not over-devoted to religion b/c
no theological faculty (Same w/ U of Pennsylvania)
When I first heard
about this method w/
the H1N1, I was
incredulous but it did
make sense.
Smallpox Inoculation- (p.95) injection of mild cases of smallpox to make them become
immune; Puritan theologian Cotton Mather heard of practice from slave, also practiced in
Eng.; 1720s smallpox epidemic in Boston = technique tested = effective = common med.
procedure by mid 1700s