AHLCON PUBLIC SCHOOL, MAYUR VIHAR PHASE – 1
ASSIGNMENT NO: 1
CLASS XI
CHEMISTRY
CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS AND PERIODICITY IN PROPERTIES
CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS
PERIODIC TRENDS IN PROPERTIES
obereiner’s Trade groups of
three elements having similar
properties
Newlands octaves arranged
with increasing atomic mass
Limitations led to
Mendeleev’s periodic table
arranged with increasing
atomic mass
Further modified to
Modern periodic table
arranged with increasing
atomic mass
Research led to
Long form of periodic table
Left portion
Group: IA and IIA (extremely
electropositive metals)
Middle portion
Groups: II B, IV B, VB, VIB,
VIIB, VIIIB, IB, IIB
Transition
Elements
First transition
series consists
of 10 elements
Sc (21) to Zn
(30) and they
belong to 4th
period
Second
transition series
consists of 10
elements Y (39)
to Cd (48) and
they belong to
5th period
Third transition
series consists
of 10 elements
La (57) and Hf
(72) to Hg(80)
and they belong
to 6th period
Right portion
Groups: IIIA, IA, VA, VIA, VIIA,
zero (consists of metals, non – metals,
metalloids and noble gases including
extremely electronegative halogens.
Inner Transition
Elements
Fourth transition
series consists of
10 elements Ac
(89) and Rf(104)
to Uub (112) and
they belong to 7th
period.
Lanthanoids consist
of 14 elements
Actinoids consist of
14 elements
AHLCON PUBLIC SCHOOL, MAYUR VIHAR PHASE – 1
ASSIGNMENT NO: 3
CLASS XI
CHEMISTRY
TOPIC: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Rules for IUPAC names of carbon atoms in a molecule.
1. Select the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms in a molecule. This is called parents
chain while all other c – atoms are regarded as substituents.
2. If two different chains of equal length are possible select the one with larger no. that indicates
the position of substituents .
3. Name the carbon atoms of parent chain as 1, 2, 3….. starting from that end which gives the
lowest possible no. to the C – atoms carrying the substituents. The no. that indicates the
position of substituents on the parent chain is called positional no. or the locants.
4. Lowest sun rule when two or more substituents are present the numbering of the C – atoms of
the parent chain is done is such a way that the sum of locants is the lowest. This is called
Lowest Sun Rule.
Lowest set of locants rule – When two or more substituents are present, C – atoms of parent
chain are numbered in such a way that the let of locants is the lowest.
2
1
CH 2  CH3
6
7
CH2 CH3
|
CH 3  CH  CH  CH 2  CH 3
e.g.
3
4
1
CH 3 5 CH 
4
 CH 2  CH 3
CH
1
3CH 2
2  CH2 1CH3
Correct
Wrong
Sum = 3 + 4 = 7
Set = 3, 4
Sum = 4 + 5 = 9
set of locausts = 4, 5
Out of the two sets of locausts (3, 4) & (4, 5), first set (3, 4) is preferred as first term is first
set 3 is lower than 4 in second set.
CH3
1
3
1
2
CH3
1
5
CH 3  CH  CH  4 CH  CH 3 (correct)
1
e.g.
CH3
1
CH3
1
1
CH 3  4 C  CH 2  2 CH  CH 3 (Wrong)
5
5
1
CH3
CH3
Sum = 2 + 2 + 4 = 8
Set of locants = (2, 2, 4)
Sum = 2 + 4 + 4 = 10
Set of locausts = 2 , 4, 4
First set is preferred as Lowest sum rule and lowest locant set rule give the same result when
the length of c-chain is small, But when length of C – chains is long two rules often give different
results.
C  C  C  C  C  C  C  C  C  C Correct
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
CH3
7
8
1
CH3
1
CH3
9
10
2
1
Sum = 2 + 7 + 8 = 17
Set of locants 2, 7, 8
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
C  C  C  C  C  C  C  C  C  C Wrong
1
1
1
CH3
CH3
CH3
Sum = 3 + 4 + 9 = 16
Set of locant = 3, 4, 9
Lowest set of locant rule is preferred over lowest sum rules.
5.
Name of the subsituent should be added before the name of the parent chain and its position
should be indicated by writing before it the number of the carbon atom carrying the
substituent. The name of the substituent is separated from its locants by a hyphen(-) The
final name of alkane is written as single name.
6.
When two or more substituents are present on the parent chain, each alkyl group is prefixed
by its positional number and is arranged each alphabetical order before the name of the parent
alkane. Also while deciding the alphabetical order of various alkayl groups prefixes iso +
neo and are considered to be part of fundamental name of alkane group while the prefixes
‘sec’ & ‘tert’ are not.
7. When the same substituent occurs more than once on the parent chain at different positions,
the positional no. of each substituent di, tri, tetra are attached to the name of the substituent.
But di,. Tri, tetra prefixes are not considered for alphabetical comparison.
8. In case of subsituent on the parent chain is complex (branched chain), it is named as
subsituted alkyl group by separately numbering the carbon atoms of this group attached to the
parent chain as 1. The name of such a substituent is always enclosed in bracket to avoid
confusion with the no. of the parent chain.
CH2 CH3
CH 3
1
2. CH3  CH 2  CH  CH 2  CH 2  CH3
Eg. 1. CH 3  CH  CH 2  CH 3
CH2 CH3
1
4. CH 3  CH  CH  CH 2  CH 3
3. CH 3  CH  CH  CH 2  CH 2  CH 3
1
1
1
CH2 CH2 CH3
CH2 CH3
CH3
CH ( CH3 )2
1
5. CH 3  CH 2  CH 2  CH 
 CH 2  CH 2  CH 2  CH 2  CH 3
CH
1
CH3 CH CH2 CH3
C ( CH3 )3
1
3
CH3
6
1
6. CH 3  CH 2  CH  4 CH  CH  CH  CH 2  C  CH 2  CH 3
1
1
2 CH CH3
CH2C ( CH3 )3
CH3
CH3
1
1
8. CH 3  CH  CH 2  C  CH 3
7. CH 3  C  CH 3
1
1
CH3
CH3
9. CH 3  CH  CH 2  CH  CH  CH  C2 H 5
1
CH3
CH2 CH3
1
10. CH 3  CH 2  C  CH 2  CH 3
1
CH2 CH3
CH3
1
11. CH 3  C 
1
CH3
1
2
CH3
1
 CH 2  CH 3 (Rule No. 7)
C
1
CH2 CH2 CH3
3
4
5
12. CH3  CH  CH  CH 2  CH 2 
1
1
CH3
CH3
CH3
6
1
 CH 2  CH  CH3 - (complex substituent)
CH
1
7 CH2 8CH2 9CH2 10CH3
CH2
1
13. CH3  CH 2  CH 2  CH 2  CH  CH 2  CH 2  CH 2  CH3
CH 2  CH 3
10
9
8
7
6
5
14. CH 3  CH 2  CH 2  CH 2  CH 2 
H 3C 
CH3 CH3
1
1
CH3  CH 2  CH  CH
|
15. C  C  C  C  C  C 
C
1
 CH 2  CH  CH 2  CH 3
CH
|
3C
CH 3
1
2 CH 2  CH 3
CH 2  CH3
|
C  C C C C C
Rule 9. The parent chain must contain the multiple bond regardless of the fact whether it also donates
the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms or not.
16.
CH 3  CH 2  CH 2  C  CH 2
|
CH 2  CH3
Rule 10.
If both double and triple bond are present, the numbering of the parent chain should
always be done from that end which is nearer to multiple bond.
17.
CH3  CH  CH  CH 2  C  C  CH 2  CH3
If choice in numbering is there double bond is given preferences to triple bond.
18. HC  C  CH2  CH  CH2
But sum rule should not be violated. If so sum rule is followed and compounds are always
named as derivatives of alkynes rather than alkene.
e.g (19) CH3  CH  CH  C  CH
CH3
CH3
1
1
20.
CH 2  C  CH  CH 2
21. HC  C  CH  C  CH
22.
HC  C  CH  CH  CH2
23.
CH3  CH  CH  CH3
1
1
H2
C
O
24.
11
25. CH 3  CH  CH 2  C  CH 2  CH 3
CH 3  CH 2  CH  CH 2  CH 3  CH 3
1
1
CH2 O4
CH3
CH3
1
26.
CH 3  C  CH 2  CH  CH 3
1
28.
30.
27.
1
CH3  CH 2  CH  CH 2  CH3
1
CH2 OH
CH3
CHOOH
CH3
CH 2  CH3
O
1
1
11
CH 3  C  CH 2  C  CH 2
1
1
CH3
CHO
29.
CH3  CH 2  CH  C  O  C2 H 5
1
Br
CH3  CH  CH  CH2  OH
31.
CH 2  CH  CH 2
1
1
OH
32.
OH
1
OH
O
O
11
11
CH3  CH 2  C  Cl
33.
H 3C  HC  C  NH 2
1
CH5
34.
RNH 2 , R2 NH , R3 N
35.
C2 H 5  O  C2 H 5
O
11
36.
C2 H 5  C
C2 H 5  C
37.
38 . CH3CH2CH2C  N
RNO3
11
O
OCH3
1
39.
CH3  CH  CHO
C H3
1
42.
O
43.
40. NC  CH  CH  CN
OH
CHO
COCl
1
1
1
O
44.
O
45.
O
41. HOOC  CH  CH  COOH
CONH2
1
46.
CH2Cl
1
47.
O
NH2
N O2
O
O
1
48.
1
49.
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COCH3
COCl
1
O
1
50.
O
O