Qualitative and Quantitative Observations
 What are they?
 How are they different?
 Can you make them?
Microscopes:
 Parts of the microscope and what they do
 Estimate the size of an object under Scanner, Low and High Power
 Identify differences between Compound and Stereoscopes
Scientific Illustrations:
 Identify mistakes in an illustration (centered, appropriate size, accurate)
Cells:
 Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic
 Difference between Plant and Animal cells and identify plant or animal
 Cell Theory
Evolution and Natural Selection:
Vocab – DNA, Mutations, Natural Selection, Divergent Evolution, Geographic Isolation, Reproductive
Isolation, Polyploidy, Adaptive Radiation, Gradualism, Punctuated Equilibrium, Homologous Structures,
Analogous Structures, Protostome, Deuterostome,
 Stages of Embryonic Development
 Interpret a Cladogram
 Levels of Organization (Kingdom, Phylum, Class….Species)
 Use a Dichotomous Key
Porifera:
Vocab – Sessile, asexual reproduction, sexual reproduction, gemmules, budding, fragmentation,
amoebocytes, collar cells, epithelial-like cells, spicules
 Explain how sponges use different cell types to get food
 Describe different methods sponges reproduce asexually
 Know the 3 Classes of Sponges
 Know the direction water moves through a Sponge
Cnidarians:
Vocab – polyp, mudusa, gastrovascular cavity, nematocysts, zooxanthellae,
 Know the 4 Classes of Cnidarians
 Identify polyp and medusa
 Identify symmetry
 How they exchange O2 and CO2
 How they get food
 Life Cycle and method of asexual reproduction
 How nematocysts work
 Difference between Scyphozoa and Cubozoa
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Examples of each Class
Relationship between corals and zooxanthellae
Uses of coral
Platyhelminthes:
Vocab – Parasitic, free-living, acoelomate, regeneration, pharynx, scolex, proglottid
 Know the 3 Classes and examples
 Difference between free-living and parasitic
 Symmetry
 Describe nervous system in planarians
 Describe method of sexual and asexual reproduction
 Describe feeding in planarians
 Life cycle of tapeworm
 Life cycle of fluke
 Body sections of tapeworm
 How to get rid of a tapeworm
Nematoda:
Vocab – Pseudocoeolom,
 Know the most common roundworm infection in US
 Know the most common roundworm infection worldwide
 Be able to identify the intestine and reproductive organs in an Ascaris specimen
Mollusca:
Vocab – coelom, mantle, radula, nephridia, chromatophore
 Know the 3 classes of mollusks and examples of each
 Symmetry
 Describe the nervous system in molluscs
 Difference between open and closed circulatory systems
- know which classes have which circulatory system
 Describe three methods of self defense
 Characteristics that all mollusks share
 Different feeding strategies between the different classes
 Be able to identify the valves, mantle, foot, gills, and visceral mass on a specimen
Annelida:
Vocab – setae, gizzard, crop, hermaphrodite
 Know the 3 classes of annelids and examples
 Symmetry
 Describe the nervous system in annelids
 Describe the of circulatory system
 Identify the function of the setae, crop, and gizzard
 Describe how the aortic arches function as a heart
 Explain how earthworms improve soil
 Explain how leeches are used in modern medicine
 Trace the path of food from the mouth to the anus
Arthropoda:
Vocab – exoskeleton, appendage, cephalothorax, tracheal tube, spiracle, book lung, pheromone, simple
eye, compound eye, mandible, parthenogenesis, thorax, abdomen
 Know 6 classes of arthropods and examples
 Symmetry
 Identify characteristics that all arthropods share
 Identify advantages and disadvantages of the exoskeleton
 Know the difference between complete and incomplete metamorphosis and examples of both
 Describe the dangers of molting
 Differentiate between the repiratory structures found in arthropods
- which are found on land, which are aquatic
 Difference between a simple and complex eye
 Describe ways arthropods use pheromones
 Describe ways arthropods use silk
 Explain advantage of jointed appendages
 Identify the head, thorax, abdomen, jointed appendage, and gill on a crayfish specimen
Echinodermata:
Vocab – endoskeleton, ray, pedicellaria, water vascular system, madreporite, tube foot, ampulla
 Know the 3 classes of echinoderms and examples of each
 Symmetry
 Identify the rays, madreporite, digestive glands, and gametes on a starfish
Chordata:
Vocab – notochord, pharyngeal pouches, dorsal hollow nerve cord
 Know the 3 subphylum of Chordates
 Identify the four characteristics that all chordates share
 Identify what the structures the notochord, hollow dorsal nerve cord, and pharyngeal pouches
become during vertebrate development
Subphylum Vertebrata; Class Amphibia:
Vocab – metamorphosis, ectotherm, vocal cord
 Know the 3 orders of amphibians and examples
 Symmetry
 List the characteristics that all amphibians share
 Describe the nervous system
 Describe the circulatory system
- explain why amphibians require more energy
- evaluate the efficiency of the amphibian circulatory system
 Explain amphibians’ dependence on water
 Identify changes during metamorphosis from tadpole to adult
 Describe challenges facing amphibians as they moved from water to life on land
 Identify the tympanum, vomerine teeth, liver, heart, stomach, and fat bodies on a frog
Subphylum Vertebrata; Class Reptilia
 4 orders of reptiles
 Differences between reptiles and amphibians
Subphylum Vertebrata; Class Aves
Vocab - Endotherm
 Describe adaptations for flight
 Explain why birds need more energy
Subphylum Vertebrata; Class Mammalia:
Vocab – endotherm, mammary gland, diaphragm, placental mammal, monotreme, marsupial, placenta
 Know the 3 orders of mammals and examples
 Symmetry
 List characteristics that all mammals share
 Describe the nervous system
 Describe the circulatory system
- Contrast it to the circulatory system found in amphibins
 Explain how mammals maintain constant body temperatures
 Know the worldwide distribution of the 3 orders of mammals
 Identify the heart, lungs, diaphragm, liver, stomach, intestine, spleen, pancreas, bladder, and
kidneys on a fetal pig