Citing Sources
Kootenai Standards
Why do we give credit to the creator of the work used in reports?
Requirements increase with each year a student is in school. As students
go on to the middle school and high school, our students need to be practiced
in citing sources and be aware that giving credit is a form of integrity. The
standards for each grade level are listed below (blue indicates additions since the
previous year):
K & 1st: sign and date own artwork and reports (By Jane Doe, 2/24/09). Write out title
of book or other source.
Lion Family
By McKenna Samsel
4/14/05
2nd Grade: sign and date own artwork and reports (By Jane Doe, 2/24/09). Write out
title and author of book or other source.
Hofer, Angelika. Lion Family.
World Book Encyclopedia
By McKenna Samsel
4/14/05
3rd Grade : write title, author of book or other source, and publication year, including
website if used. Encyclopedias: Title / Volume. Sign and date own artwork and the
reports (By Jane Doe, 02/24/09). Any photos within must have source labeled.
Hofer, Angelika. Lion Family. 1995.
World Book Encyclopedia / Volume L
www.factmonster.org
World Book Photo
4th Grade: Bibliography. Books: author, title, publisher and publication date.
Encyclopedias: Title; Year. Volume: page #. Websites : “title of article.” <URL> plus
individual photos, charts, maps labeled with source. Sign and date reports and artwork
(by Jane Doe, 02/24/09).
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Hofer, Angelika. Lion Family. North-South Books, 1995.
World Book Encyclopedia; 2002,Volume L: page 340.
“Lion.” <http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/sci/A0829908.html>
www.lili.org
5th Grade: Full basic bibliography (author, title, where the book was published, publisher
and publication date) in alphabetical order of first word (not a, an, or the), with the 2nd
line indented. Individual photos, charts, maps labeled with source, including websites.
Encyclopedias: Title; Year. Volume: page #. Websites : “title of article.” Publication or
access date. <URL>
Sign and Date reports and artwork. (by Jane Doe, 02/24/09)
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Hofer, Angelika. Lion Family. London, England: Doubleday
Publisher, 1998.
“Lion.” 2007. <http://wwwfactmonster.com/ce6/sci/A08
29908.html>
Seymour, Simon. Big Cats. New York: Harper Collins
Publishers, 1991.
World Book Encyclopedia; 2002. Volume L.
Page 240
www.longleat.co.uk/
images/longleat-lions.jpg
6th Grade: Full basic bibliography, for books and websites. (Websites include the
author, article, website name, publication and/or access date, URL). Encyclopedias:
Title; Year. Volume: page #. Individual photos, charts, maps labeled with source,
including websites.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Copain, Tom. “Lions' Confidence Builds.” The Daily Collegian Online. February
3, 2009. <http://www.collegian.psu.edu/archive/2009/02/03/lions_confid
ence_builds.aspx>
Hofer, Angelika. Lion Family. London, England: Doubleday
Publisher, 1998.
Kopsa, Leeann. "Library News." Kootenai Elementary
Home Page. 30 Jan. 2009 <http://kt.lposd.org>.
Seymour, Simon. Big Cats. New York: Harper Collins
Publishers, 1991.
World Book Encyclopedia; 2002. Volume L.
www.eecs.umich.edu/
Page 240
~joshual/More_Lions/lion11.jpg
There are many approaches to teaching integrity by citing sources.
Following are some ideas:
Lead by example: in the classroom with the teacher, in Tech lab with Mrs.
Kemink, in Library with Mrs. Kopsa, in Music with Mrs. Cain, and in Upper
Quartile with Mrs. Jones, etc. Teachers have a variety of techniques and styles as
they teach reports. Teachers should set the example in class, whether with written
information, or media such as PowerPoint presentations. Each year during library
skills, classes will practice by selecting books and citing sources in the library.
Require a bibliography. Middle and high school teachers are successfully
teaching integrity by citing sources and requiring a bibliography. Elementary
students should be familiar with a basic bibliography before they enter middle
school. Laurie Tibbs at Farmin-Stidwell recommended a helpful tool for teaching
and creating correct bibliographies, Landmark’s Citation Machine at
http://www.citationmachine.net/
Kim Clad at Kootenai recommends BibMe at http://www.bibme.org/ as a way to
check student’s work.
Use a draft with a timeline: One 6th grade teacher found success with a time
line stating when things need to be done…
Jan. 10: first draft: at least one source with outline
Jan. 17: second draft: includes at least one picture
Jan. 24: third draft : including bibliography and table of contents
Feb. 1: Final Paper due with notes included, and or a copy of the copyright
page of the source book.
We want to encourage original thinking within factual reports. Creating
factual reports may include creating, analyzing, formulating opinions, etc. A
couple of approaches are listed here:
Highlight original ideas: 5th & 6th grade teachers at one school require their
students to place all text in black except the original ideas of the student. Original
ideas created or formulated by the student are highlighted in another color.
Ask Questions: For reports, some teachers require the answers to questions
considering basic human issues, or requiring an evaluation of which character
strengths would be needed. Along with facts, some teachers encourage or require
students to explain or do problem solving, make choices, or make a personal
reflection on their topic or part of their topic.
Our students need to be prepared for high school and college
requirements. As the ability to check for plagiarism is increasing, the
consequences are becoming more severe.
Colleges are dismissing students for plagiarism. For example, CNN.com
reported that a wide-ranging probe of student plagiarism at the University of
Virginia has ended with the dismissal of 45 students and the revocation of three
graduates’ degrees. View the article at
http://archives.cnn.com/2002/EDUCATION/11/26/uva.plagiarism.ap
Hints and resources for learning how to write proper quotations, citations,
and bibliographies are available online. The article, “Catching Digital
Cheaters”, also emphasizes that even when ideas are paraphrased, the source
needs to be cited. This article also discusses sources used for plagiarism, tools
for checking papers for plagiarism, and surprising statistics. View at
http:/www.edu-cyberpg.com/Teachers/plagiarism.html
More ideas, sources, and an outline for a presentation on plagiarism by
Margaret Lincoln are offered at EBSCO on (one of the Idaho State Library’s
databases available on LiLI). The EBSCO username is lili and password is idaho
http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=5865501
Updated 2/2009. Original text by Marguerite VanderSloot and LeeAnn Kopsa 2005.
Ideas submitted by Margaret Lincoln, Library Media Specialist, Lakeview High School,
Battle Creek, Michigan