CPUSH (Unit 5, #2)
Name ___________________________
Date _________________ Pd ______
Westward Expansion in the 1840s: Texas, Oregon, Mexican-American War, & California
I. Manifest Destiny & Territorial Expansion in the 1840s
A. In the 1840s, America realized its “_________________________________________” by acquiring all lands to the Pacific Ocean:
1. In 1845, the USA annexed the independent nation of __________________________
2. In 1846, the U.S. settled a dispute with England to gain __________________________
3. In 1848, the USA gained new lands in the Southwest by winning the __________________________ American War
B. The Republic of Texas
1. Mexican Independence and Americans in Texas
a. In 1821, Mexico won ________________________________ from Spain & the new Mexican gov’t welcomed Americans into
Texas by offering cheap _________________
b. ______________________________________________ became one of the wealthiest “Anglos” in Texas
c. Americans refused to accept Mexican _______________: They would not convert to Catholicism, would not accept a ban
on ___________________________, wanted a voice in Mexican ________________________________
2. Texas Revolution & Independence from Mexico (1835-1836)
a. By 1834, Mexican president _________________________________ began to view Anglos as a threat & had Austin arrested
b. In 1835, Texans were in open ________________________________ against the Mexican government
c. Texans lost at the _______________________, but the battle created inspiration: “Remember the Alamo!”
d. Texans, led by ___________________________________, captured Santa Anna & ___________ their independence in 1836
3. The Republic of Texas (1836-1845)
a. From 1836 to 1845, Texas was an independent nation; Sam Houston was the first ______________ of the Republic of Texas
b. In 1838, Houston invited the USA to _____________________ Texas, but the debate over _______________________ kept
America from adding Texas as a state
C. Oregon & Texas
1. Democrat ____________________________ won the election of 1844 & became the “Manifest Destiny” ___________________
a. He urged Congress to make Texas the 28th U.S. ___________________ in 1845
b. He wanted to end __________________________ claims to Oregon
2. Oregon
a. When ___________________________ was admitted into the Union in 1845, it came in as a _____________________ state
b. To make _________________________________ happy, President Polk wanted to add _____________________________
as a free state, but…Oregon was jointly occupied by the USA & Britain
c. Oregon residents & President Polk demanded the entire Oregon territory: “______________________________________!”
d. But, the U.S. & Britain compromised, divided Oregon along __________º parallel, & Oregon became a free territory in 1846
D. The Mexican-American War (1846—1848)
1. Reasons for the Mexican-American War
a. When Texas won its independence from Mexico in 1836, the 2 sides disagreed over the territorial _____________________
of the Republic of Texas
b. When the U.S. annexed Texas 9 years later, this _________________________________ was not settled
c. This dispute led to the Mexican-American War from 1846 to 1848
d. In 1846, President Polk sent General Zachary Taylor across the Rio Grande River which _______________ Mexico into war
e. The U.S. quickly __________________ the Mexican War
2. The Mexican-American War ended with the Treaty of ______________________________________________________ in 1848
a. The USA gained “all” of ______________________ to the Rio Grande River
b. Mexico gave up (ceded) territory in the Southwest, called the ___________________________________________________
c. 5 years later, the U.S. bought the ______________________________ Purchase for $ 10 million to build a southern railroad
E. California
1. The Acquisition of California
a. In the 1830s, Mexico offered _________________________________ to American ranchers & farmers to move to California
b. When the Mexican War broke out in 1846, Californians _____________________________ from Mexican rule & created an
independent _____________________
c. The ____________________________________________ was annexed by the USA as part of the Mexican Cession in 1848
2. The California Gold Rush
a. The discovery of gold in _________________________________________ led to a flood of Americans to California in 1849
b. “_____________________________” hoping to strike it rich came from the East, Latin America, Europe, & _____________
c. The California _____________________________ led to a population boom in the West
II. Conclusions—By the end of the 1840s, the USA had achieved its Manifest Destiny
A. America had a “continental” empire from the Atlantic to ___________________________
B. Westward expansion stimulated the ________________________________, spread democracy, & increased U.S. nationalism
1850
1840
1830
1820
1810
1800
C. But as America spread west, _________________________________ issues over slavery grew