BIOLOGY SEMESTER EXAM STUDY GUIDE
NATURE OF SCIENCE, ECOLOGY, CELLS, PHOTOSYNTHESIS & RESPIRATION, DNA/RNA
TESTS #1-7
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____________ is information gathered from an experiment.
A controlled experiment allows the researcher to isolate and test ______________________.
In science, a hypothesis is useful only if it can _________________.
Define hypothesis. Is it forever and always true? Give an example of a hypothesis.
Biology is the study of ______________.
The process by which living things keep their internal conditions relatively stable is called ____________.
_____________ - a term for a group of organisms of one type living in the same place.
In the metric system, the basic unit of length is _____________________.
Place the following in order from largest to smallest: organism, community, ecosystem, population.
Know lab safety rules.
______________ the combined portions of Earth in which all living things exist.
Define consumer and list an example.
Define producer and give an example.
Define decomposer and give an example.
What is the original source of almost all energy in most ecosystems.
Know all there is to know about food chains, food webs, & energy pyramids!
________________- an organism that uses energy to produce its own food supply from inorganic compounds.
_______________- an organism that cannot make its own food.
Know the following terms: herbivore, carnivore, & omnivore.
What is the term for each step in the transfer of energy and matter within a food web?
What is the process by which bacteria convert nitrogen gas in the air to ammonia.
Nitrogen fixation is carried our primarily by what organism?
Define biotic & abiotic factors…list examples of each.
Define symbiosis and also describe each specific type of symbiosis.
Which biome is characterized by very low temperatures, little precipitation, permafrost?
The various growth phases through which most populations go are represented on a(n)_________curve.
In a logistic growth curve, exponential growth is the phase in which the population __________________.
A biotic or abiotic resource in the environment that causes population size to decrease is a ___________
factor.
Define density dependent and density independent factor…give examples of each.
What is an endangered species?
What happens to the concentration of DDT as it moves up the trophic levels of the food chain?
Who was the first person to ID & see cells?
The work of Schleiden & Schwann can be summarized by saying that _______________________________.
You will have a diagram of a cell and will have to ID labeled structures!!!
Define prokaryote and eukaryote.
Which cell organelle contains the cell's genetic material and controls the cell's activities?
Which organelle makes proteins using coded instructions that comes from the nucleus?
Which organelle helps to provide energy to the cell.
Which organelles will you find in a plant cell that you will NOT find in an animal cell?
What is the main function of the cell membrane?
Define diffusion….does this require cellular energy?
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What type of particle transport REQURIES cellular energy?
Define osmosis.
List and describe the levels of organization.
Energy is released from ATP when a phosphate group is _____________…(bonds are broken!)
You will have to answer some "structural" questions about ATP,ADP, & AMP from a diagram.
Know the equation for photosynthesis…know what the reactants and products are and be sure you know that
sunlight is also a requirement for this process to occur!
The Calvin cycle is another name for __________.
What is a product of the Calvin Cycle?
Cellular respiration (aerobic) uses one molecule of glucose to produce ________ total ATP molecules.
Cellular respiration releases energy by breaking down _____________.
Glycolysis provides a cell with a net gain of __________ ATP molecules.
What are the 2 main types of fermentation?
What type of fermentation causes muscle soreness?
Which type of fermentation is used to produce beer & wine?
How are the products of photosynthesis related to cellular respiration?
KNOW THE PARTS OF A DNA MOLECULE!!
What three things are included in a nucleotide of DNA…Be specific!
DNA is copied during a process called _________.
Be able to determine the complementary strand of DNA from an original strand.
RNA contains the sugar __________, and unlike DNA contains ____________.