AP Government and Politics
Unit 5—Civil Liberties and Civil Rights (5-15%)
Civil Liberties



Changing Interpretations of Bill of Rights
original intent of Bill of Rights
o
o
incorporation
o
o
Selective incorporation
o
o Amendments incorporated –
o Amendments NOT incorporated –
I. First Amendment (RAPPS)
A. Freedom of Religion
Establishment Clause
o
o
o
Application of the Establishment Clause
o
o
o
Everson v. Board of Education, 1947
•
Lemon v. Kurtzman, 1971

1.
2.
3.
1
Lynch v. Donnelly, 1984
•
Glassroth v. Moore, 2001
•
Application of the Establishment Clause in Schools
o
o
McCollum v. Board, 1948
•
Engele v. Vitale, 1962
•
Newdow v. United States Congress, 2002
•
Free Exercise Clause
o
o
o
Application of the Free Exercise Clause
Reynolds v. US, 1879
•
WV Board of Education v. Barnette, 1943
•
Wisconsin v. Yoder, 1972
•
Oregon v. Smith, 1990
•
•
B. Freedom of Speech
o
o
o
o
2
Application of Freedom of Speech
Patterson v. Colorado, 1907
• Bad Tendency Doctrine –
Schenck v. United States, 1919
• Clear and Present Danger Doctrine –
Murdock v. Pennsylvania, 1943
• Preferred Position Doctrine –
Miller v. California, 1973
•
1.
2.
3.
• Texas v. Johnson, 1989
•
C. Freedom of the Press
o
o
Censorship
o
o
o
Application of Freedom of Speech
Near v. Minnesota, 1931
• Prior Restraint –
New York Times v. United States, 1971
•
Branzburg v. Hayes, 1972
•
• shield laws –
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D. Freedom of Assembly
o
o
o
II. Second Amendment
A. Right to Bear Arms
o
o
o
Applications of Second Amendment
o
o
o
Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act, 1993
•
Federal Assault Weapons Ban, 1994
•
•
District of Columbia v. Heller, 2008
•
•
III. Fourth Amendment
A. Probable Cause
o
Probable Cause/Warrant
•
•
1.
2.
•
Application of the Fourth Amendment
Mapp v. Ohio, 1961
• Exclusionary Rule –
Escobedo v. Illinois, 1964
•
4
Massachusetts v. Sheppard, 1984
• Good Faith Exception –
B. Exceptions to the Warrant Rule
•
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
emergency –
plain sight –
abandoned property –
open field –
automobile –
IV. Fifth Amendment
Formal Charge –
Eminent Domain –
Due Process –
Double Jeopardy –
Self-Incrimination –
Application of the Fourth Amendment
Korematsu v. U.S., 1944
•
Rochin v. California, 1952
•
Kelo v. City of New London, 2005
•
V. Sixth Amendment
Speedy Trial –
Public Trial –
Jury Trial –
Attorney –
5
Application of the Fourth Amendment
Gideon v. Wainwright, 1963
•
Shepard v. Maxwell, 1966
•
Miranda v. Arizona, 1966
•
1.
2.
3.
4.
VI. Eighth Amendment
Excessive bail
•
Excessive fines
•
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
•
•
Application of the Eighth Amendment
Furman v. Georgia, 1972
•
Gregg v. Georgia, 1976
•
Atkins v. Virginia, 2002
•
Roper v. Simmons, 2005
•
6
VII. Ninth Amendment
o
o
Application of the Ninth Amendment
Griswold v. Connecticut, 1965
• Right to Privacy –
Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Dept. of Health, 1990
• Right to die –
Roe v. Wade, 1973
•
• 1st trimester –
• 2nd trimester –
• 3rd trimester –
Planned Parenthood v. Casey, 1992
•
•
Webster v. Board of Reproductive Services, 1989
•
VIII. Student Rights
Application of Amendments to Students’ Rights
In re Gault, 1967
•
Tinker v. Des Moines Public Schools, 1969
•
New Jersey v. T.L.O., 1985
•
Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier, 1988
•
Morse v. Frederick, 2007
•
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IX. USA PATRIOT Act, 2001
A. Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required
to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism
o
o
o
B. Restrictions of Civil Liberties
o First Amendment
 churches
 cell phones


o Fourth Amendment



o Fifth Amendment



o Sixth Amendment



o Eighth Amendment


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Civil Liberties

de jure segregation
o Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896
o Brown v. Board of Education, 1954

de facto segregation
o
o

Civil Rights Act, 1964
o Title I—voter registration

o Title II—public businesses
 exemptions
o Title III—public schools

o Title VI—equal protection

o Title VII—employment
 Equal Employment Opportunities Commission (EEOC)
o

Voting Rights Act, 1965
o Federal oversight

o Federal registration


Education Amendments, 1972
o Title IX


o United States v. VMI, 1996


Affirmative Action (University of California v. Bakke, 1970)
o
o

Americans with Disabilities Act
o
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