Biology Chapter 8 (Due Jan. 18, Test Jan. 22)
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. What are the three parts of an ATP molecule?
a. adenine, thylakoid, and a phosphate group
b. stroma, grana, and chlorophyll
c. adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups
d. NADH, NADPH, and FADH2
2. Which of the following is NOT a part of an ATP molecule?
a. adenine
b. ribose
c. chlorophyll
d. phosphate
3. Energy is released from ATP when
a. a phosphate group is added.
b. adenine bonds to ribose.
c. ATP is exposed to sunlight.
d. a phosphate group is removed.
4. Which of the following is NOT a true statement about ATP?
a. ATP consists of ribose, adenine, and three phosphate groups.
b. ADP is produced when ATP releases energy.
c. ATP provides energy for the mechanical functions of cells.
d. Used ATP is discarded by the cell as waste.
Figure 8–1
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5. Look at Figure 8–1. All of the following are parts of an ADP molecule EXCEPT
a. structure A.
b. structure B.
c. structure C.
d. structure D.
6. Which structures shown in Figure 8–1 make up an ATP molecule?
a. A and B
b. A, B, and C
c. A, B, C, and D
d. C and D
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7. Organisms, such as plants, that make their own food are called
a. autotrophs.
b. heterotrophs.
c. thylakoids.
d. pigments.
8. Organisms that cannot make their own food and must obtain energy from external sources are called
a. autotrophs.
b. heterotrophs.
c. thylakoids.
d. plants.
9. Which of the following organisms makes its own food using light energy from the sun?
a. mushroom
b. amoeba
c. leopard
d. oak
10. What happens during photosynthesis?
a. Heterotrophs consume ATP.
b. Heterotrophs produce ATP.
c. Autotrophs consume carbohydrates.
d. Autotrophs produce carbohydrates.
11. Plants gather the sun’s energy with light-absorbing molecules called
a. pigments.
b. thylakoids.
c. chloroplasts.
d. glucose.
12. Plants get the energy they need for photosynthesis by absorbing
a. high-energy sugars.
b. chlorophyll a.
c. chlorophyll b.
d. sunlight.
13. Most plants appear green because chlorophyll
a. absorbs green light.
b. absorbs violet light.
c. does not absorb green light.
d. does not absorb violet light.
Figure 8–2
____ 14. Which structure in Figure 8–2 represents a single thylakoid?
a. structure A
b. structure B
c. structure C
d. structure D
____ 15. A granum is a
a. stack of chloroplasts.
b. stack of thylakoids.
c. membrane enclosing a thylakoid.
d. photosynthetic pigment molecule.
____ 16. Where in the chloroplast is chlorophyll found?
a. in the ATP
b. in the stroma
c. in the thylakoid membrane
d. in the thylakoid space
____ 17. Which of the following is FALSE?
a. A chloroplast contains stroma.
b. A stroma contains a thylakoid.
c. A granum contains several thylakoids.
d. A thylakoid contains chlorophyll.
____ 18. What is the role of NADP+ in photosynthesis?
a. electron carrier
b. high-energy sugar
c. photosystem
d. pigment
Figure 8–3
____ 19. Which chemical shown in Figure 8–3 is an electron carrier molecule?
a. H2O
b. carbon dioxide
c. NADP+
d. oxygen
____ 20. When NADP+ accepts and holds two high-energy electrons, what else gets bonded to the molecule as part of
the reaction?
a. a hydrogen ion
b. a water molecule
c. a phosphate group
d. a glucose molecule
____ 21. Why are electron carriers needed for transporting electrons from one part of the chloroplast to another?
a. High-energy electrons would be destroyed.
b. High-energy electrons are highly reactive.
c. High-energy electrons are not soluble in cytoplasm.
d. High-energy electrons get their energy from electron carriers.
____ 22. A student is collecting the gas given off from a plant in bright sunlight at a temperature of 27°C. The gas
being collected is probably
a. oxygen.
b. carbon dioxide.
c. ATP.
d. glucose.
____ 23. Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into
a. oxygen and carbon.
b. high-energy sugars and proteins.
c. ATP and oxygen.
d. oxygen and high-energy sugars.
____ 24. Which of the following is NOT found in the overall reaction for photosynthesis?
a. carbon dioxide
b. water
c. light
d. nitrogen
____ 25. In the overall equation for photosynthesis, six molecules of carbon dioxide and six molecules of water result
in a molecule of sugar and six molecules of
a. glucose.
b. water.
c. oxygen.
d. ATP.
A.
B.
Figure 8–4
____ 26. In Figure 8–4, why might the candle in jar A burn longer than the candle in jar B?
a. Carbon dioxide produced by the plant allows the candle to burn longer.
b. Chlorophyll produced by the plant allows the candle to burn longer.
c. Glucose produced by the plant allows the candle to burn longer.
d. Oxygen produced by the plant allows the candle to burn longer.
____ 27. Where do the light-dependent reactions take place?
a. in the stroma of the chloroplast
b. within the mitochondria membranes
c. within the thylakoid membranes
d. in the outer membrane of the chloroplasts
____ 28. What are the products of the light-dependent reactions?
a. oxygen gas and glucose
b. ATP, NADPH, and oxygen gas
c. ATP, carbon dioxide gas, and NADPH
d. carbon dioxide gas, oxygen gas, and NADPH
____ 29. Which of the following is NOT a step in the light-dependent reactions?
a. High-energy electrons move through the electron transport chain.
b. Pigments in photosystem II absorb light.
c. ATP synthase allows H+ ions to pass through the thylakoid membrane.
d. ATP and NADPH are used to produce high-energy sugars.
____ 30. What action contributes to the inside of the thylakoid membrane becoming positively charged during the
light-dependent reactions?
a. H+ ions are released as water splits.
b. ATP synthase allows H+ ions to pass through the membrane.
c. ATP synthase produces ATP from ADP.
d. Carbon dioxide builds up in the stroma.
____ 31. Where are photosystems I and II found?
a. in the stroma
b. in the thylakoid membrane
c. in the Calvin cycle
d. in the cell membrane
____ 32. Which of the following activities happens within the stroma?
a. Photosystem I absorbs light.
b. ATP synthase produces ATP.
c. The Calvin cycle produces sugars.
d. Electrons move through the electron transport chain.
____ 33. Which pathway represents the flow of electrons during photosynthesis?
a. H2O  Photosystem I  Photosystem II
b. O2  ADP  Calvin cycle
c. Photosystem I  Calvin cycle  NADP+
d. H2O  NADP+  Calvin cycle
____ 34. The Calvin cycle is another name for the
a. light-independent reactions.
b. light-dependent reactions.
c. photosynthesis reaction.
d. electron transport chain.
____ 35. The Calvin cycle takes place in the
a. stroma.
b. photosystems.
c. thylakoid membranes.
d. chlorophyll molecules.
____ 36. What is a product of the Calvin cycle?
a. oxygen gas
b. ATP
c. high-energy sugars
d. carbon dioxide gas
____ 37. If carbon dioxide is completely removed from a plant’s environment, what would you expect to happen to the
plant’s production of high-energy sugars?
a. More sugars will be produced.
b. No sugars will be produced.
c. The same number of sugars will be produced but without carbon dioxide.
d. Fewer sugars will be produced at first, but then the plant will recover.
____ 38. If you continue to increase the intensity of light that a plant receives, what happens?
a. The rate of photosynthesis increases indefinitely with light intensity.
b. The rate of photosynthesis decreases indefinitely with light intensity.
c. The rate of photosynthesis increases and then levels off.
d. The rate of photosynthesis does not change.
Figure 8–5
____ 39. In which experimental setup shown above would you expect the Elodea plant to produce the LEAST amount
of oxygen?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
Figure 8–6
____ 40. Imagine that y-axis of each graph in Figure 8–6 describes the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the graphs
represents the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.
____ 41. Carbon dioxide is one of the principal chemical compounds that living things use to store energy.
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____ 42. Ultimately, the energy that a carnivore, such as a wolf, uses comes from sunlight.
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____ 43. Plants gather the sun’s energy with light-absorbing molecules called pigments.
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____ 44. If you grind up the chloroplasts found in spinach leaves into a liquid solution, the solution will have a green
color. _________________________
Figure 8–7
____ 45. If you were to isolate the organelle shown in Figure 8–7, it would appear green.
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____ 46. The light-dependent reactions involve adding a hydrogen ion and two high-energy electrons to NADPH.
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____ 47. The light-dependent reactions supply the Calvin cycle with CO2 and ATP. _________________________
____ 48. During the light-dependent reactions, plants use the energy in ATP and NADPH to build high-energy sugars.
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____ 49. The Calvin cycle provides cells with compounds that can store energy for more than a few minutes.
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____ 50. If a plant is placed in a greenhouse held at 40°C, the plant will probably increase its normal rate of
photosynthesis. _________________________
Completion
Complete each statement.
51. Cells keep only a small amount of ____________________ on hand and regenerate it as needed using energy
stored in carbohydrates and other molecules.
52. Organisms, such as hawks and leopards, that obtain energy from the foods they consume are called
____________________.
53. Photosynthesis requires light, water, carbon dioxide, and light absorbing ____________________.
54. If you separate the pigments found in a typical plant cell’s chloroplasts, you will find
____________________, orange, and red pigments.
55. ____________________ are saclike photosynthetic membranes inside chloroplasts.
Figure 8–7
56. Photosystems I and II are found in the structure labeled ____________________ in Figure 8–7.
57. Photosynthesis uses the energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and
_________________________.
58. A membrane protein called _____________________ allows H+ ions to pass through the thylakoid membrane
and into the stroma.
59. The electrons that chlorophyll loses to the electron transport chain are replenished by
____________________ molecules.
60. During the Calvin cycle, molecules of ____________________ supply the carbon component of
carbohydrates.
Short Answer
61. What happens when a phosphate group is removed from an ATP molecule?
62. A student exposed two plants to only red light and two plants to only green light. Which plants should grow
better? Why?
63. Explain the role of electron carriers in photosynthesis and give one example.
64. Why are six carbon dioxide molecules required to make one glucose molecule?
65. Describe the relationship between the light-dependent and the light-independent reactions.