Civil War and Reconstruction
1. The main issue that split the Democratic party in 1860 was (A) popular sovereignty
(B) the admission of Kansas into the Union (C) a proposal for a federal code protecting
slavery in the territories (D) the Republican nomination of Abraham Lincoln for
President (E) the policies of President James Buchanan.
2. The border states of Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas (A) never
seceded from the Union (B) were the first states to secede from the Union (C) seceded
immediately after Lincoln’s election as president (D) secede after Lincoln called for
troops to suppress the rebellion (E) secede immediately after Lincoln’s inauguration.
3. All of the following statements are true about the Crittenden Compromise except:
(A) It was opposed by most southern congressmen. (B) It revived the policy of the
Missouri Compromise line. (C) It was a last attempt by Congress to preserve the Union.
(D) It was opposed by Lincoln. (E) If adopted it would have permitted further
annexations of slave territory.
4. Some historians consider the Civil War to be the first modern war because of which
of the following characteristics?
I.
the use of the repeating rifle
II.
the use of railroads
III.
the use of ironclad vessels
IV.
the extensive use of deadly terroristic tactics against civilians
V.
the destruction of civilian property and food supplies
(A) I, II, and III only
(B) I, II, III, and IV only
(C) I, II, III, and V only
(D) I, II, and IV only
(E) all of the above.
Election of 1860
Candidate
Lincoln
Douglas
Breckinridge
Bell
Popular Vote
% of Popular Vote
Electoral Vote
1,867,198
39.79%
180 (every free state vote except 3 of 7 NJ)
1,379,434
29.4%
12 (only Missouri & 3 of 7 of NJ)
854,248 18.2%
72 (all cotton states)
591,658 12.61%
39 (Virg, Ky, Tenn)
5. According to the table shown above, which of the following statements concerning
the Election of 1860 is correct? (A) Abraham Lincoln won majorities in both the popular
vote and the electoral college vote. (B) Stephen Douglas came in second in both the
popular vote and the electoral college vote. (C) John C. Breckinridge came in second in
both the popular vote and the electoral college vote. (D) Lincoln won because Douglas
and Breckinridge split the votes from the South in the electoral college. (E) Breckinridge
came in third in the popular vote but second in the electoral college vote.
6. All of the following were Confederate handicaps during the Civil War except: (A)
depreciation of currency (B) over reliance on states rights (C) inadequate training of
officers (D) poor use of available manpower (E) romantic view of warfare.
7. In his Inaugural Address Lincoln said: “If the United States be not a government
proper, but an association of States in the nature of contract merely, can it, as a contract,
be peaceably unmade, by less than all the parities who made it ?”
In this statement Lincoln (A) rejected the theory that the southern states had the right to
secede from the Union (B) conceded that the southern states could use force to break out
of the Union (C) revealed his readiness to negotiate a peaceable dissolution of the Union
(D) threatened to use force to keep the southern states in the Union (E) conceded that the
United States did not have proper government.
8. King Cotton diplomacy was strategy used by (A) the South to force European
recognition of the Confederacy by withholding cotton (B) the South to break the Union
blockade of the Confederacy (C) the North to prevent European recognition of the
Confederacy (D) the European powers to negotiate an end to the American Civil War (E)
the European powers to break the Union blockade of the Confederacy.
9. All of the following were important factors that made Great Britain’s leaders
reluctant to recognize the independence of the Confederacy before 1863 except: (A) the
fear of losing Canada in a war with the North (B) thriving trade with the North (C)
sympathy for the cause of the abolition of slavery (D) doubts about the South’s chances
to win (E) an ample supply of cotton available for the British textile industry.
10. The Trent affair during the Civil War is analogous to (A) the blowing up of the
Maine in 1898 (B) the XYZ affair during the late 1790s (C) the German submarine
attacks during World War I (D) the British impressment of American sailors prior to the
War of 1812 (E) the boycott of British imports during the American Revolution.
11. The Battle of Vicksburg was important for the outcome of the Civil War because it
(A) It gave the Union Army control over the Gulf of Mexico. (B) It led directly to Robert
E. Lee’s surrender of his army. (C) It gave the Union Army control of the South’s capital.
(D) It gave the Union Army control over the entire length of the Mississippi River. (E) It
contributed directly to the Union Army’s victory at Gettysburg.
12. Which of the following statements is not consistent with a Marxist interpretation of
the causes of the Civil War? (A) Southern society in part resembled medieval feudalism.
(B) The tariff was a major issue of contention between the North and South during the
antebellum period. (C) The debate over the morality of slavery was not a major course of
the Civil War. (D) The northern and southern economies complemented each other in
many ways. (E) During the Civil War the Republican party enacted many laws that
furthered the advancement of industrial capitalism in the United States.
“If I could save the Union without freeing any slave, I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing all
the slaves, I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone, I would also do
that.”
13. The Emancipation Proclamation was consistent with this statement by Abraham
Lincoln because it abolished slavery (A) only in the North (B) only in Confederate held
counties (C) everywhere in the South (D) only in areas controlled by the Union Army (E)
only in the border states
14. In his 1863 plan for reconstruction, Lincoln announced that the people of a
Confederate state could form a new government that he would recognize if (A) one tenth
of the citizens took an oath of allegiance to the United States and accepted the wartime
laws emancipating slaves (B) one tenth of the citizens took an oath of allegiance to the
United States and yielded all of their property to the state government (C) a majority of
the citizens ratified the Thirteenth Amendment and repudiated the Confederate debt (D) a
majority of the citizens ratified the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments and
repudiated the Confederate debt (E) one tenth of the citizens took an oath of allegiance to
the United States and granted emancipated slaves the right to vote.
15. After he took office Andrew Johnson alienated northern Republicans when he (A)
openly broke with Lincoln’s reconstruction policies (B) attempted to obstruct the
ratification of the thirteenth Amendment (C) permitted former rebels to assume control of
southern state governments (D) supported a new federal law that restricted the rights of
the freedmen (E) ignored the activities of the Ku Klux Klan.
16. All of the following statements about blacks during the first years after
Emancipation are true except: (A) Most sought reunion with family members. (B) Most
attempted to found separate black churches. (C) Large numbers migrated to the north. (D)
Most preferred to work as sharecroppers rather than for cash wages. (E) Large numbers
sought educational opportunities wherever they were available.
17. During Reconstruction Congress passed all of the following measures except: (A)
voting rights for all blacks (B) citizenship for all persons born or naturalized in the
United States (C) a military occupation of the southern states (D) a continuation of the
Freedmen’s Bureau (E) a civil rights act.
18. Which of the following statements most accurately describes the impeachment of
Andrew Johnson? (A) He was tried and convicted by the Senate. (B) He was tried but not
convicted by the House of Representatives. (C) He was tried but not convicted by the
Supreme Court. (D) He was tried but not convicted by the Senate. (E) He resigned his
office rather than face a trial by the Senate.
19. The Fifteenth Amendment (A) guaranteed the right to vote to all adult citizens (B)
guaranteed the right to vote to all black citizens (C) guaranteed equal protection of the
laws to all citizens (D) abolished slavery (E) was designed to strengthen the Republican
party in the South.
20. The basic problem with the sharecropping system in the South after the Civil War
was that (A) it favored large plantations over small farms (B) it favored white tenants
over black tenants (C) it favored northern creditors over southern debtors (D) the
cultivation of cotton yielded a very low revenue for both landowners and sharecroppers
(E) virtually all of the sharecroppers were newly emancipated slaves.
21. All of the following factors contributed to the decline of Radical Reconstruction in
the South except: (A) terroristic attacks against black and white Republicans by southern
whites (B) the death or retirement of northern radical leaders (C) decreasing interest and
growing disillusionment among Northerners about the issues of government in the South
(D) an unwillingness to use force indefinitely to maintain racial equality in the South (E)
a growing opposition to the policies of Andrew Johnson among Northerners.
22. During Reconstruction the Black Codes were (A) southern state laws that gave the
freedmen equal rights with whites (B) southern state laws that gave the freedmen equal
political rights but not equal economic or social rights with whites (C) federal laws
passed by Congress that gave the freedmen equal rights with whites (D) southern state
laws that severely restricted the freedmans political, economic, and social rights (E)
federal laws passed by Congress that severely restricted the freedman’s political, social
and economic rights..
23. Thaddeus Stevens was more radical in his plan for reconstruction than most of his
Republican colleagues in Congress in that he proposed (A) granting the right to vote to
blacks in all the states (B) the confiscation of all land of former slaveholders with forty
acres given to freedmen (C) the confiscation of all land of former slaveholders and the
redistribution of all of it to freedmen (D) the military occupation of the southern states to
force them to accept the Fourteenth Amendment (E) a civil rights act that included social
equality for both blacks and whites.
24. Which of the following were characteristics of southern state governments during
the era of Radical Republican control?
I.
blacks generally controlled at least one branch of the legislature in most
states
II.
their new state constitutions instituted democratic reforms
III.
they were dominated by a small number of northern born Republicans
IV.
they were more corrupt than their northern counterparts
V.
they were supported by many white farmers from mountainous counties
(A) I, II, and III only
(B) I, II, III, and IV only
(C) II, III, and IV only
(D) II, III, and V only
(E) all of the above
25. During the era of reconstruction southern whites used the term “scalawag” to
identify (A) southern whites who supported Radical Republican rule (B) southern blacks
who supported Radical Republican rule (C) Northerners who plundered the treasuries of
southern states (D) federal officers who maintained the military occupation of the South
(E) Congressmen who enacted Radical Republican legislation
26. In issuing the Emancipation Proclamation, one of Lincoln’s goals was to (A) gain
the active aid of Britain and France in restoring the Union (B) stir up enthusiasm for the
war in such border states as Maryland and Kentucky (C) please the Radicals in the North
by abolishing slavery in areas of the South already under the control of Union armies (D)
please Russia, one of the Union’s few overseas friends, where the serfs had been
emancipated the previous year (E) keep Britain and France from intervening on the side
of the Confederacy.
27. Organizations such as the Ku Klux Klan were organized in a number of Southern
states after the Civil War for the purpose of (A) extorting large amounts of money from
former slaves (B) promising the return of former slaves to Africa (C) preventing the
former slaves from voting (D) commemorating those who had died in the war (E)
preparing for another armed uprising against the federal government.
28. Immigrants coming to America from Eastern and Southern Europe during the late
19th century were most likely to (A) settle in large cities in the Northeast or Midwest (B)
settle on farms in the upper Midwest (C) seek to file on homesteads on the Great Plains
(D) migrate to the South and Southwest (E) return to their homelands after only a brief
stay in the U.S.
29. Which of the following statements is true of Lincoln’s Ten Percent Plan? (A) It
stipulated that at least ten percent of former slaves must be accorded the right to vote
within a given southern state before that state could be readmitted to the Union (B) It
allowed the rights of citizenship only to those Southerners who could take an oath that
they had never been disloyal to the Union (C) It allowed high-ranking rebel officials to
regain the right to vote and hold office by simply promising future good behavior (D) It
was silent on the issue of slavery (E) It provided for the restoration of loyal governments
for the erstwhile Confederate states now under Union control.
30. All of the following were parts of Andrew Johnson’s plan for Reconstruction
except: : (A) recommending to the Southern states that the vote be extended to the
recently freed slaves (B) requiring ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment (C)
requiring payment of monetary reparations for the damage caused by the war (D)
requiring renunciation of secession (E) requiring repudiation of the Confederate debt.
31. The term “Seward’s Folly” referred to Secretary of State William Seward’s (A)
advocacy of a lenient policy toward the defeated Southern states (B) break with the
majority radical faction of the Republican party in order to back President Andrew
Johnson (C) belief that the Civil War could be avoided and the Union restored by
provoking a war with Britain and France (D) negotiation of the purchase of Alaska from
Russia (E) ill-fated attempt to gain the presidency in 1860.
32. In response to southern intransigence in the face of President Andrew Johnson’s
mild reconstruction plan, Congress did all of the following except: : (A) exclude southern
representatives and senators from participating in Congress (B) pass the Civil Rights Act
of 1866 (C) order the arrest and imprisonment of former Confederate leaders (D) approve
and send on to the states the Fourteenth Amendment (E) divide the South into five
districts to be ruled by military governors with almost dictatorial powers.
33. When President Andrew Johnson removed Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton
without the approval of the Senate, contrary to the terms of the recently passed Tenure of
Office Act, he (A) was impeached and removed from office (B) came within one vote of
being impeached (C) was impeached and came within one vote of being removed from
office (D) resigned to avoid impeachment and was subsequently pardoned by his
successor (E) was impeached, refused to resign, and his term ended before a vote could
be taken on his removal from office.
34. In speaking of “scalawag,” white Southerners of the Reconstruction era had
reference to (A) former slaves who had risen to high positions within the Reconstruction
governments of the southern states (B) Northerners who had come south to take up high
positions within the Reconstruction governments of the southern states (C) the U.S. Army
generals who served as military governors in the South (D) the Radical Republicans in
Congress who imposed the Reconstruction regimes on the South (E) Southerners who
supported or participated in the Reconstruction regimes.
35. The Morrill Land Grant Act provided (A) one hundred sixty acres of free land
within the public domain to any head of household who would settle on it and improve it
over a period of five years (B) large amounts of federal government land to states that
would establish agricultural and mechanical colleges (C) forty acres of land to former
slaves (D) that the land of former Confederates should not be confiscated (E) large
reservations for the Indians of the Great Plains.
36. By the Compromise of 1877, the Democrats agreed to allow the Republican
candidate to become president in exchange for (A) a promise that they would be allowed
to win the next two presidential elections (B) an end to Reconstruction (C) large personal
bribes to leading Democrats (D) a substantial lowering of protective tariffs (E) retroactive
compensation for freed slaves.
37. Which of the following factors came closest to giving the Confederacy what could
have been a decisive foreign policy success during the Civil War? (A) the U.S. Navy’s
seizure of Confederate emissaries James M. Mason and John Slidell from the British mail
steamer Trent (B) French objections to the Union blockade (C) the acute economic
dislocation in Britain and France caused by the cut-off of cotton imports from the South
(D) the concerns of French financial interests that had loaned large amounts of money to
the Confederacy (E) the skillful negotiating of Confederate diplomats in Europe.
38. The Compromise of 1877 (A) provided guarantees for the maintenance of full civil
rights for Southern blacks (B) dealt with the issue of slavery in the territories (C) brought
an end to Congressional Reconstruction (D) worked out the differences between the freesilver and the gold standard wings of the Republican party (E) stipulated all Federal
troops stationed in the South should be withdrawn by 1890.
39. Under the crop lien system, a farmer (A) borrowed money against his next harvest
in order to buy more land (B) borrowed money against the previous year’s harvest, which
was stored in warehouses until the market was favorable for selling (C) was likely to
diversify the crops he planted (D) mortgaged his next harvest to a merchant in order to
buy seed and supplies and support his family (E) could usually become completely debtfree within seven to ten years.
treasury (E) federal funding for the building of canals.
40. Which of the following statements is true of the Wade-Davis bill? (A) It allowed
restoration of a loyal government when as few as ten percent of a state’s pre-war
registered voters swore future loyalty to the Union and acceptance of emancipation (B) It
explicitly required that the vote be accorded to the recently freed slaves (C) It allowed
high-ranking rebel officials to regain the right to vote and hold office by simply
promising future good behavior (D) It was pocket-vetoed by Lincoln (E) It provided
substantially more lenient terms of Reconstruction than those favored by Lincoln.
41. A major threat to the Monroe Doctrine during the 1860s was posed by (A) British
sale of war materials to the Confederacy (B) French loans to the Confederacy (C) the
presence of British troops in Central and South America (D) Russian ownership of
Alaska (E) the presence of French troops and a puppet emperor in Mexico.
42. In response to President Andrew Johnson’s relatively mild reconstruction program,
the Southern states did all of the following except: (A) refuse to repudiate the
Confederate debt (B) elect many former high-ranking Confederates to Congress and other
top positions (C) refuse to grant blacks the right to vote (D) attempt to reinstitute slavery
(E) pass special Black Codes restricting the legal rights of blacks.
43. Andrew Johnson was impeached and nearly removed from office on the grounds of
his (A) refusal to carry out the provisions of the Military Reconstruction Act (B) alleged
involvement in a corrupt stock-manipulating scheme carried out by one of his associates
(C) refusal to carry out the provisions of the Civil Rights Act of 1866 (D) violation of the
Tenure of Office Act in removing Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton (E) general failure
to cooperate with the Radical Republicans in their efforts to carry out Reconstruction.
44. In speaking of “redemption” in a political sense, white Southerners of the
Reconstruction era had reference to (A) ridding the South of the Reconstruction
governments (B) atoning for their society’s sin of slavery by granting full legal and social
equality to blacks (C) atoning for the Southern states’ secession by displaying extreme
patriotism to the restored United States (D) regaining personal rights of citizenship by
taking an oath of allegiance to the Union (E) buying back from the federal government
plantations confiscated during the war.
45. The primary underlying reason that Reconstruction ended in 1877 was that (A)
Southerners had succeeded in electing anti-Reconstruction governments in all the former
Confederate states (B) all the goals set by the Radical Republicans at the end of the Civil
War had been accomplished (C) leading Radicals in the North had become convinced
that Reconstruction had been unconstitutional (D) Northern voters had grown weary of
the effort to Reconstruct the South and generally lost interest (E) Republican political
managers had come to see further agitation of North-South differences arising from the
Civil War as a political liability.
46. “Waving the bloody shirt” was the name given to the practice of (A) scaring black
potential voters into staying away from the polls (B) voting large appropriations of
federal funds for unnecessary projects in a powerful congressman’s district (C) using
animosities stirred up by the Civil War to gain election in the post-war North (D) inciting
the country to go to war with Spain (E) machine politics as practiced in many major cities
during the late 19th century.
47. All of the following are true of the Confederate war effort during the Civil War
except: (A) Confederate industry was never able to adequately supply Confederate
soldiers with the armaments they needed to successfully fight the war (B) Confederate
agriculture was never able to adequately supply the people of the South with the food
they needed (C) inflation became a major problem in the South as the Confederate
government was forced to print more paper currency than it could support with gold or
other tangible assets (D) the inadequate railroad system of the South hindered movement
of soldiers, supplies, and food from the places they were stationed (or produced) to the
places in which they were most needed (E) tremendous resentment at the military draft
developed among poor and middle class Southerners because wealthy Southern males
could pay to have a substitute take their place in the army.
48. The key event that guaranteed Lincoln’s reelection in 1864 was (A) the fall of
Vicksburg to General Grant (B) the capture of New Orleans by Admiral Farragut (C) the
defeat of Lee’s army by General Meade at Gettysburg (D) the fall of Atlanta to General
Sherman (E) the successful defense of Nashville by General Thomas against repeated
Confederate counterattacks.
49. The Compromise of 1877 resulted in (A) the ascension of Republican Rutherford
B. Hayes to the presidency in return for assurances that what was left of Reconstruction
in the South would be ended (B) the division of Dakota Territory into North Dakota and
South Dakota (C) government financing for a southern transcontinental railroad route in
return for financial grants allowing the completion of the Great Northern Railroad from
Minnesota to the Pacific Northwest (D) the ascension of Republican Rutherford B. Hayes
to the presidency in return for the passage of an Amnesty Act which would pardon
former Confederate soldiers, allowing them to regain their voting lights (E) the formal
separation of Virginia and West Virginia and the official acceptance of statehood for
West Virginia.
50. The main reason that President Grant’s administration is considered a failure is (A)
his failure to retreat from the radical Reconstruction policies of his predecessors (B) his
failure to effectively quell the Indian uprisings in the Western territories (C) his failure to
control the corruption permeating his administration (D) his attempts to destroy the
Democratic Party and return the country to a one-party system (E) his failure to be
reelected after serving his first term in office.
51. Lincoln won the 1860 presidential election primarily because (A) there was
overwhelming support throughout the country for the Republicans’ anti-slavery platform
(B) he was seen as a moderate, by both Northerners and Southerners, who could possibly
negotiate a compromise between abolitionists and slaveholders (C) he gathered
overwhelming support in the highly populated Northern states while his three opponents
divided the anti-Lincoln vote in the North, West, and South (D) the Know-Nothing Party
gave Lincoln its endorsement, and combined with Republican support, the two parties
were able to outpoll the politically isolated Democrats (E) he was able to discredit his
chief opponent, Stephen Douglas, as a “closet abolitionist.”
52. The sharecropping system in the South following Reconstruction had the effect of
(A) allowing many former slaves and poor white tenant farmers, who could have never
otherwise owned land, to buy their own farms (B) moving many former slaves and poor
white tenant farmers into the middle class (C) pushing tenant farmers and poor
independent farmers into deep levels of debt to large landowners and merchants (D)
helping to limit the power of former plantation owners and Northern business interest (E)
changing the basic attitudes of whites and blacks who were now forced to work side-byside farming the same land.
53. The “black codes” of many Southern states in the 1830s were intended to (A) force
Northern states to return runaway slaves to their Southern masters (B) prevent slave
rebellions by allowing the execution of any slave found guilty of attempting to gain his or
her freedom (C) limit the rights of freed blacks and force them to migrate to Northern
states where they couldn’t serve as models for slaves to idolize or emulate (D) keep all
blacks in servitude by refusing to recognize any black as free and allowing so-called “free
blacks” to be rounded up and enslaved whenever a shortage of slave labor developed (E)
deal with the increased number of people of mixed race (due to white slaveholders
impregnating black slaves) by setting up strict standards as to who was genetically white
and who was genetically black.
54. After the collapse of the Reconstruction governments, the men who came to power
in the “New South” were called (A) Carpetbaggers (B) Scalawags (C) Copperheads (D)
freedmen (E) redeemers.
55. The battle that is considered to be the “turning point” of the Civil War and the last
chance at a military victory by the Confederacy is (A) Antietam (B) Shiloh (C)
Gettysburg (D) Chattanooga (E) Chickamaugua.
56. The biggest failure of Reconstruction governments was that they (A) failed to
reestablish an effective plantation system to rejuvenate the South’s devastated economy
(B) were dominated by blacks, which aroused such white hostility that, combined with
the inexperience of black legislators, doomed Reconstruction governments to failure (C)
failed to reestablish an effective public education system in the occupied South (D) failed
to effectively industrialize the South (E) failed to change basic white attitudes in the
South and they were unable to effectively reorganize the South’s social structure.
57. In announcing the Emancipation Proclamation, Lincoln’s immediate purpose was to
(A) free black slaves in all of the slave states (B) free black slaves in only the border
slave states which had remained loyal to the Union (C) let the Southern states know that
whether or not they chose to secede from the Union, slavery would not be tolerated by his
administration once he took office (D) rally Northern morale by giving the war a higher
moral purpose than just preserving the Union (E) recruit freed blacks into the Union army
and overcome the shortage of white soldiers in the army at that time.
58. The Trent Affair was important because (A) it discredited the revolutionary
government in France in the eyes of most Americans (B) it prevented the Confederacy
from being able to purchase several warships from Britain and France for use against
Union shipping (C) it was the first clear case of treason by a United States official and it
badly embarrassed the administration of John Adams (D) it resulted in the sinking of the
Confederate raider, the Alabama (E) it nearly led to British recognition of the
Confederacy and war between Britain and the Union.
59. “Jim Crow” laws were laws that (A) effectively prohibited blacks from voting in
state and local elections (B) restricted American Indians to U.S. government reservations
(C) restricted open-range ranching in the Great Plains (B) restricted American Indians to
U.S. government reservations (C) restricted open-range ranching in the Great Plains (D)
established separate segregated facilities for blacks and whites (E) restricted the
consumption and distribution of alcohol within the limits of pro-temperance
communities.
60. Andrew Johnson was impeached primarily because (A) he was an alcoholic and
made several major speeches while totally drunk (B) angry Northern Congressmen
resented the fact that Johnson, a Southerner (from Tennessee) had become president
following Lincoln’s death and was administering Southern Reconstruction (C) members
of Congress felt that Johnson’s Reconstruction policies were too harsh and unfairly
penalized former Confederate leaders trying to rebuild their economy (D) he demanded
suffrage for blacks in addition to the abolition of slavery (E) he obstructed the
enforcement of congressional Reconstruction policies that he felt were too harsh.
61. The 14th Amendment to the Constitution was important because it (A) prohibited
slavery within the United States (B) guaranteed equal protection under the law for every
American citizen (C) prohibited any state from denying an American citizen the right to
vote based on race/ethnic background, color, or having previously been a slave (D)
prohibited any state from denying women the right to vote (E) provided Congress with
the power to establish and collect income taxes.
62. The overall strategic policy of the Union to destroy the Confederacy through a
combination of constant pressure and slowly wearing down the South’s ability to wage
war was called (A) the nutcracker plan (B) the anaconda plan (C) the squeeze plan (D)
the attrition plan (E) the sausolito plan.
63. Abraham Lincoln took the Union into war against the Confederate States of
America with the stated purpose of (A) protecting federal installations in Confederate
territories (B) freeing the slaves and abolishing slavery from American soil (C)
preserving the Union (D) punishing the South for its arrogance, rebelliousness, and the
enslavement of blacks by Southern slaveholders (E) protecting the Union from Southern
attacks on Union territories in the border states remaining loyal to the Union.
64. Secretary of State William Seward’s purchase of Alaska from the Russians in 1867
was based primarily on (A) his realization that fishing rights in Alaskan waters would be
a boon to American fishermen (B) his desire to secure the vast oil reserves rumored to be
hidden deep within Alaska’s forbidding interior (C) fears of Russian attempts to expand
their control into western Canada and possibly the northwestern United States (D) his
desires to help the Russians, who desperately needed the money they would get for
dumping this “wasteland” on the Americans (E) his dream of an American empire that
would subsume all of North America, including Canada, Mexico, and Greenland.
65. John Brown’s raid on the federal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry and his subsequent trial
and execution had the effect of (A) making a martyr of John Brown and convincing many
Southerners that secession from the Union was the only way they could prevent the
increasingly abolitionist North from interfering with slavery in the South (B) discrediting
the abolitionist movement in the eyes of most people and convincing most Southerners
that the North would not support forceful efforts to end slavery, despite verbal attacks on
slavery by Northern abolitionists (C) inciting a series of slave revolts that resulted in the
deaths of thousands of Southern slaves, further enraging both Northern abolitionists and
Southern slaveholders (D) sparking a virtual civil war in the state of Nebraska over the
issue of slavery (E) exposing a pro-slavery plot to assassinate the leaders of several
abolitionist groups and discrediting the prosecution despite Brown being found guilty.
66. The battle between the Monitor and the Merrimack was important because (A) it
was the first successful effort by the Confederate navy to break the Union naval blockade
(B) it signified the last major effort by the Confederate navy to break the Union naval
blockade (C) it broke the Union stranglehold on Hampton Roads, Virginia and opened
the door for General Lee’s offensive into Maryland (D) it signaled the end of the wooden
warship as the ultimate naval vessel and marked the beginning of the age of iron/steel
warships (E) the Merrimack’s failure to break the Union naval blockade cost the
Confederacy its last hope of achieving official recognition by France or Britain.
67. In general, state governments in the South during Reconstruction (A) were
ineffective because they were dominated by freed slaves and others who were
incompetent to hold office (B) were totally ineffective because of the restrictive rule of
the Union military bureaucracy, which kept a tight reign on state governments (C) had
some notable accomplishments, but basically squandered their opportunity to effectively
rebuild the Old South because of the greed and corruption of “scalawag,” and Yankee
“carpetbaggers” (D) were much more successful than the pre-Civil War governments that
preceded them (E) accomplished some notable achievements, and were comparable in
their effectiveness to the pre-Civil War governments that preceded them.
68. William M. Tweed of New York City (A) headed a “ring” of politicians that
cheated New York City of $100,000,000 through fraudulent city contracts and extortion
(B) was an outspoken supporter of fiscal integrity in municipal government (C) pioneered
the regulation of tenement house construction and sanitation (D) urged the New York
state legislature to adopt the governmental reforms advocated by the Progressives (E)
served as Secretary of Interior in President Ulysses Grant’s administrations.
69. President Andrew Johnson was (A) impeached by the Supreme Court but not
removed from office (B) impeached by the House but not convicted by the Senate (C)
impeached by the House but acquitted by the Supreme Court (D) impeached by the
House and convicted by the Senate (E) removed from office by Congress for violating the
Tenure of Office Act.
70. In the presidential election of 1860,
I.
the Democratic Party factionalized and nominated two candidates.
II.
the election evolved into a contest between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen
A.
Douglas in the
North and John C. Breckinridge and John
Bell in the South.
III.
Abraham Lincoln won less than 50% of the popular vote.
IV.
no candidate received a majority of the popular vote.
(A) I and II only
(B) II and Ill only
(C) III and IV only
(D) II, Ill, and IV only
(E) I, II, III, and IV.
71. The presidential election In 1876 between Samuel J. Tilden and Rutherford B.
Hayes (A) resulted in contested electoral votes being submitted from the Southern states
(B) forced Congress to appoint an Electoral Commission to decide the issue of the
contested electoral votes (C) was decided by the House of Representatives when neither
the Democratic nor Republican candidate received a majority of the electoral vote (D)
(A) and (B) only (E) (A) and (C) only.
72. When the Civil War started, Abraham Lincoln’s primary objective was (A) to
abolish slavery (B) to promote the growth of industry in the North (C) to preserve the
Union (D) to expand presidential powers (E) to punish the South.
73. Both President Andrew Johnson’s plan for Reconstruction and that of Congress
required the former Confederate states to (A) enfranchise the freed slaves (B) extend civil
and political equality to the freed slaves (C) ratify the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments
(D) draft new state constitutions (E) compensate the slaveowners for the loss of their
slaves.
74. Southern slaveowners viewed Abraham Lincoln’s victory in the presidential
election of 1860 as a threat to slavery because he (A) favored the passage of a federal
slave code (B) opposed the extension of slavery (C) proposed a national and binding
referendum on slavery (D) advocated the immediate abolition of slavery (E) suggested
extending the franchise in federal elections to free blacks.
75. The Supreme Court decision in 1857 that held that since slaves are the same as any
other property, Congress has no right to bar slavery from any territory was (A) Scott v
Sanford (B) Commonwealth v. Hunt (C) Prigg v. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
(D) Ex parte Milligan (E) Plessy v. Ferguson.
76. After the Battle of Bull Run (Manassas), the basic military strategy of the
Confederacy was to (A) negotiate a military alliance with England (B) impose a naval
blockade on the North and thus cut off its food supplies (C) wage a strong defensive war
to wear down the Union’s will to fight (D) invade the North and conquer its major
industrial centers (E) construct permanent forts along the North-South border in order to
protect the confederacy and then negotiate peace with the North.
77. Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation (A) freed the slaves in the border
states and the District of Columbia (B) freed the slaves only in those areas still in
rebellion in the South (C) freed the slaves only in those areas of the South occupied by
the Union army (D) authorized Union officers to free slaves only if the masters were
compensated (E) provided for the resettlement of freed slaves in Africa.
78. In the presidential election of 1860, the major issue to Southern slaveowners was
the (A) passage of a federal slave code (B) falling price of cotton and rising cost of slaves
(C) immediate abolition of slavery (D) extension of slavery (E) admission of California
as a slave state.
79. The controversy over the presidential election in 1876 between Samuel J. Tilden
and Rutherford B. Hayes arose because (A) the Greenback-Labor Party’s presidential
candidate prevented either Tilden or Hayes from winning a majority of the electoral votes
(B) no candidate received a majority of the popular vote as required by the Constitution
(C) three Southern states, South Carolina, Louisiana, and Florida, submitted contested
electoral votes (D) the Democratic Party withdrew its nomination of Tilden (E) Ulysses
S. Grant, the incumbent president, refused to vacate the presidency to either Tilden or
Hayes.
80. General Winfield Scott’s “Anaconda” strategy for securing a Union victory over the
Confederate States
I.
proposed a naval blockade of the European countries shipping the
Confederacy
military supplies.
II.
proposed a naval blockade of the Confederacy’s Atlantic and Gulf
coastlines.
III.
proposed to divide and subdivide the Confederacy by gaining control of
the
Mississippi, Tennessee, and Cumberland rivers.
IV.
was supported by the press as being prudent and brilliant.
(A) I and II only
(B) II and Ill only
(C) III and IV only
(D) I, II, and III only
(E) II, III, and IV only.
81. In the presidential campaign of 1860, Abraham Lincoln ran on a platform that (A)
reaffirmed the Republican party’s support of John Brown (B) proposed the immediate
abolition of slavery in the states (C) supported the passage of a fugitive slave code (D)
promised to protect the rights of each state “to order and control its own domestic
institutions” (E) avoided the issue of slavery in the states and territories.
82. In the presidential election of 1860, Abraham Lincoln (A) received strong support
from the Southern yeomen farmers opposed to slavery (B) constantly reassured Southern
slaveowners that he was not opposed to the extension of slavery (C) won a majority of
the popular vote (D) failed to win a majority of the popular vote, but he won in the
Electoral College (E) ran against Jefferson Davis and Stephen A. Douglas.
83. In undertaking to reconstruct the defeated Confederate states, it was President
Andrew Johnson’s view that they (A) had committed “state suicide” by seceding from the
Union (B) were to be treated as conquered territory (C) had never actually been out of the
Union (D) should be made to indemnify the government for the cost of the war (E)
should never be readmitted to the Union.
84. Under Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction (A) Congress would judge when one of
the states was ready for readmission (B) 10% of the voters in each state would take an
oath of loyalty to the Union (C) the Republicans would have time to rebuild their party in
the postwar South (D) at least 50% of the voters in each state would approve the 14th
Amendment (E) Congress had complete charge of there requirements for readmission.
85. Which of the following would best characterize the basic principle behind
Lincoln’s reconstruction plan? (A) an example should be made to discourage future
rebellions (B) the Democratic Party should be illegal (C) the South could not legally
secede (D) the South had to be readmitted to the Union like a new territory (E) the
Republicans must have time to consolidate their political gains.
86. The prosperity of the North during the Civil War showed a new trend in which (A)
free enterprise worked without government aid (B) a wartime economy faltered (C)
economic gaps between social classes developed (D) government was involved in the
national economy (E) laissez faire economics were vindicated.
87. Northern war aims changed from preserving the Union to abolishing slavery
because (A) slaves would be less likely to help the South during the war (B) the Radicals
insisted that the slaves be free (C) Lincoln could use manumission as a weapon (D)
political pressure to free the slaves came from Great Britain (E) all of the above.
88. The importance of the Johnson impeachment trial was that it (A) made an example
of Johnson to discourage inept presidents in the future (B) showed the importance of
constitutional checks and balances (C) saved the presidency from unwarranted partisan
attack (D) showed that the power of the Republican Party was waning (E) demonstrated
that a President cannot be impeached or driven from office.
89. The long struggle put up by the South in the Civil War is remarkable in view of the
fact that (A) its geographic position was unfavorable (B) the North was given unofficial
assistance by France and Great Britain (C) it was outnumbered 2 to 1 (D) slave rebellions
behind the lines were a constant danger (E) the Southern people did not really support the
war.
90. Which of the following is the correct chronological order to illustrate a cause and
effect relationship between the following events leading to the Civil War? (A) South
Carolina secedes, Lincoln is elected, Lincoln-Douglas debates (B) Kansas-Nebraska Act,
Dred Scott decision, election of Lincoln (C) Dred Scott decision, Lincoln-Douglas
debates, Kansas-Nebraska Act (D) Kansas-Nebraska Act, South Carolina secedes,
Lincoln-Douglas debates (E) None of these.
91. What factor was most important in making it difficult for the South to secure
foreign loans? (A) the effectiveness of the Union blockade (B) the refusal of foreign
nations to recognize the Confederacy (C) the surplus supply of cotton in Britain (D) the
decline of the value of Confederate currency (E) the lack of early Southern military
success.
92. Which of the following Northern military objectives was the last to be achieved?
(A) capture of the Confederate capitol (B) establishment of an effective blockade of
Confederate seaports (C) to gain control of the Mississippi River (D) to divide the
Confederacy in two in a drive from Chattanooga to Atlanta to Savanna (E) the defeat of
Stonewall Jackson.
93. What was an important immediate result of the Emancipation Proclamation? (A) it
increased the number of black voters in the North (B) it forestalled British recognition of
the Confederacy (C) it deprived the Democratic Party of its chief political plank (D) it
increased the hostility of the border states toward the South (E) it created more Southern
Republicans.
94. Lincoln was doubtful that he would be reelected in 1864 because (A) there was
such dissatisfaction with the progress of the war (B) the Republicans were badly split
over the Emancipation Proclamation (C) Andrew Johnson, the Vice Presidential
candidate, was unpopular with Congress (D) Southern secession had removed much of
his political support (E) the scandals that characterized his administration became public
in 1864.
95. What was the significance of the Shenandoah Valley in the Civil War? (A) it was
the approach used by Grant to capture Richmond (B) it was used repeatedly in raids by
the South that threatened Washington (C) linked the eastern and western halves of the
Confederacy (D) was the site of most of the important north-south railroad controlled by
the South (E) it was the entrance to the Mississippi Valley.
96. The “Lame Duck” President James Buchanan believed that (A) southern states had
a legal right to secede from the Union (B) the Constitution did not authorize him to force
southern states to stay in the Union (C) the election of 1860 was a fraud (D) southern
states had no other choice but to secede from the United States (E) the Southern states
would come back if not pressed.
97. The two major battles of the Civil War fought on Union soil were (A) Shiloh &
Chancellorsville (B) Bull Run & Vicksburg (C) Gettysburg and Antietam (D) Peninsula
Campaign & Fredericksburg (E) New Orleans & Bangor.
98. Confederate batteries fired on Fort Sumter when it was learned that (A) Lincoln had
ordered the fort reinforced with federal troops (B) Lincoln had ordered supplies sent to
the fort (C) the fort’s commander was planning to secretly evacuate his troops from the
fort (D) Lincoln had called for 75,000 militia to form a voluntary Union army (E) Lincoln
had announced the Emancipation Proclamation.
99. The Southern cause was weakened by (A) the concept of states’ rights upon which
the Confederacy was founded (B) a president, Jefferson Davis, who catered to public
opinion and did not work hard at his job (C) the failure of the southern people to commit
to the ideal of Southern independence (D) a lack of sound military leadership (E)
Northern sympathizers who destroyed Southern morale.
100. The Battle of Antietam was especially crucial because it (A) inflated an already
dangerous overconfidence among the Southerners (B) probably prevented the
intervention of Britain and France on the side of the Confederacy (C) delayed Lincoln’s
plan to announce the Emancipation Proclamation (D) assured the reelection of President
Lincoln (E) increased the popular support for Republicans in the election of 1864.
101. The most important effect of the Emancipation Proclamation was to (A) reduce
desertions from the Union Army (B) strengthen the moral cause and diplomatic position
of the Union (C) increase the popular support for Republicans in the election of 1864 (D)
quiet public opposition to Lincoln’s war policies (E) end the draft riots.
102. Which of the following border states remained loyal to the Union? (A) Tennessee
(B) Missouri (C) Kentucky (D) Massachusetts (E) Michigan.
103. In the Congressional elections (1866) (A) President Johnson conducted a highly
successful “swing around the circle” campaign tour (B) radicals replaced moderates as
the dominant faction in Congress (C) voters endorsed the congressional approach to
reconstruction (D) Republicans lost the majority control of Congress (E) Southerners,
with increased representation, allied with Northern Democrats to control Congress.
104. Both Radical and Moderate Republicans agreed that (A) federal power must be
used to bring about social and economic revolution in the South (B) freed slaves must be
granted the right to vote (C) the federal government must become involved in the
individual lives of American citizens (D) the South should be quickly readmitted to the
Union (E) Republican control of the government was essential to national security.
105. In 1867, Secretary of State Seward accomplished an enduring success for the
Johnson Administration when he (A) commissioned the building of an all new ironclad
navy (B) recognized the independent Republic of Hawaii (C) purchased Alaska from
Russia (D) called for American aid to republican rebels in Cuba (E) ended Southern
Reconstruction.
106. Which of the following most accurately describes carpetbaggers? (A) They were
former slaves who migrated to the North after the Civil War (B) They were black
officeholders in the South during Reconstruction (C) They were Northerners who sought
economic opportunity in the South after the Civil War (D) They were displaced farmers
who moved to California during the Depression (E) They were recent immigrants who
settled in the West in the late nineteenth century.
107. The Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) heightened the sectional crisis because it (A)
repealed the Missouri Compromise (B) repealed the Fugitive Slave Act (C) made Kansas
and Nebraska free states (D) stimulated Southern emigration to the territories taken from
Mexico (E) signaled acceptance of the principle of the Wilmot Proviso.
108. In the presidential campaign of 1860, which of the following positions was asserted
by the Republican party platform with respect to slavery? (A) Slavery should be
abolished immediately by the federal government (B) The extension of slavery to other
countries should be prohibited (C) The Missouri Compromise line (36’30”) should be
extended to the Pacific Ocean, and slavery should be prohibited in territories above that
line. (D) The gradual emancipation of the slaves should begin, and the federal
government should compensate slave owners for the loss of slave property (E) The
extension of slavery to United States territories should be prohibited by the federal
government, but slavery should be protected in the states where it already existed.
109. The Reconstruction Acts of 1867 provided for (A) temporary Union militarysupervision of the ex-Confederacy (B) federal monetary support of the resettlement of
Black Americans in Africa (C) denial of Black property-holding and voting rights (D)
implementation of anti-Black vagrancy laws in the South (E) lenient readmission of the
ex-Confederate states to the Union.
110. Which of the following best illustrates the government support for the construction
of the first transcontinental railroad (A) Open immigration from China (B) The
exchange of the Union Pacific stock for federal bonds (C) Creation of the Credit Moblier
construction company (D) The grant of thousands of acres of public lands to the railroads
(E) Preference in hiring to union army veterans.
111. The Compromise of 1850 provided a concession to the South by (A) allowing
slavery in New Mexico and Utah (B) permitting the slave trade to continue in the District
of Columbia (C) having slavery in Nebraska and Kansas determined by popular
sovereignty (D) creating a new Fugitive Slave Law (E) determining how new states
would be admitted to the Union.
112. Which of the following statements about the Emancipation Proclamation is not
accurate? (A) It immediately freed all slaves living in the United States (B) It freed slaves
only in the Confederacy or in areas of active rebellion (C) It led to the creation of allblack units in the Union army (D) It was issued in part because slave labor was helping
the Confederate cause (E) It gave the North a high moral reason for continuing the war.
113. The term “scalawag” was used to describe (A) homeless unemployed freedmen in
the South (B) former plantation owners who had lost their lands (C) native white
Southerners who cooperated with the Republicans (D) Union soldiers who occupied the
South during Reconstruction (E) Northerners who came to the postwar South to take
lucrative federal appointments.
114. The outcome of the disputed election of 1876 was significant because it (A) was the
last victory for the Radical Republicans (B) meant the end of Reconstruction (C) Marked
the beginning of a long line of Democratic presidents (D) demonstrated that black voters
held the balance of power in Southern politics (E) showed that the North and South were
able to reconcile.
115. After the Civil war, the practice of sharecropping (A) turned African Americans
into a labor force with housing and supplies provided by white planters (B) taught
African Americans and Whites to work together as farmers (C) Made it possible for
African Americans to save enough money to buy their own farm (D) required African
Americans to form groups to work as gang labor (E) forced African Americans to migrate
to the North.
116. The South hoped to gain diplomatic recognition and active support from Great
Britain because (A) slavery was still legal in the British empire (B) British public opinion
generally supported the south (C) British factories needed Southern Cotton (D) Britain
wanted the help of the South to regain the Oregon territory (E) the North had placed high
tariffs on British goods.
117. The theory of nullification, according to which a state can reject a federal law is
associated
with (A) John C. Calhoun (B) Daniel Webster (C) Andrew Jackson (D)
James Madison (E) John Marshall.
118. Hinton R. Helper’s book The Impending Crisis of the South was intended as (A) a
refutation of Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin (B) an argument against
slavery as an economic institution (C) a rallying cry against abolition (D) a condemnation
of the violent acts of Preston Brooks (E) a rational defense of the practice of slavery.
119. In the post Civil war period, the idea that African Americans should concentrate on
economic betterment rather than political or social equality was advanced by (A)
W.E.B. DuBois (B) Frederick Douglass (C) Booker T. Washington (D) Marcus Garvey
(E) William Lloyd Garrison.
120. The Dred Scott decision held that a slave (A) could sue for his freedom in the courts
(B) became free when transported to free territory (C) was private property when even in
a free territory (D) was a citizen when in free territory (E) could not be transported when
in a slave state.
121. The Civil Rights Act of 1866 was significant because
I.
it meant that congress rather than the President would determine Reconstruction
policies
II. it showed President Andrew Johnson’s unwillingness to accept the Radical
Republican
approach to Reconstruction
III. it was the first major piece of legislation that became law over a presidential veto
IV. it guaranteed that former slaves would control the state legislatures in the South
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
I only
III only
I and III only
II and IV only
I, II, and III only
122. “Forty acres and a mule” refers to (A) the proposal to make freed slaves small scale
farmers (B) the terms of the Homestead act of 1862 (C) the allotment given to Native
Americans under the Dawes Severalty Act (D) The inducement given recent immigrants
if they would settle outside of urban centers (E) A typical homestead on the Great Plains
in the 1870’s.
123. By the end of his presidency, U S Grant’s popularity had declined substantially
because of (A) the corruption evident in his administration (B) the harsh and brutal
policies toward the South (C) his support for “greenbacker” monetary policies (D) his
refusal to support the radicals in Congress (E) revelations about his poor military
leadership during the Civil War.
124. Senator Stephen A. Douglass managed to engineer the Compromise of 1850 by (A)
Winning the endorsement of President Zachary Taylor for the Compromise (B) letting the
Southern Democrats dictate the terms of the Compromise (C) Securing the passage of the
different parts of the compromise as separate laws (D) Threatening to remove political
opponents from important congressional committees (E) A policy of conciliation for all
factions.
125. The official reason for the impeachment of President Andrew Johnson was his (A)
refusal to support ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment (B) violation of the Tenure
of Office Act (C) veto of the first Reconstruction act (D) campaigning against Radical
Republicans in the election of 1866 (E) belief that African- Americans were not equal to
whites.
126. All of the following were advantages the North had over the South at the start of the
Civil War except: (A) a larger population (B) better military leaders (C) greater industrial
production (D) more railroad and canal networks (E) a larger navy.
127. Which of the following sources would not be useful in understanding the military
campaigns of the Civil War? (A) Newspaper accounts (B) Diaries kept by soldiers (C)
Photographs (D) Presidential speeches (E) Official unit histories.
128. The doctrine of popular sovereignty called for the question of permitting slaves in a
new territory to be decided by the (A) House of Representatives (B) Supreme Court (C)
people living in the territory (D) Compromise of 1850 (E) Wimot proviso.
129. Reconstruction legislation passed by Congress included all of the following except:
(A) Tenure of Office Act (B) Civil Rights Act of 1866 (C) Black Codes (D) First
Reconstruction Act (E) Reconstruction Act of 1868.
130. The “Crime of 1873” was (A) the blatant frauds exposed in the 1872 presidential
election (B) the buying and selling of votes in attempts to defeat the Bland-Allison Silver
Purchase Act (C) revelations of the Credit Mobilier rail road construction scandal (D) the
decision by Congress to stop the coinage of silver (E) the refusal of Congress to remain
on the gold standard.
131. In the eighteenth century, the view of American whites generally about slavery was
that it (A) was wrong for religious and moral reasons (B) should not be hereditary (C)
would soon fade as an economic practice (D) affected white people in its political and
social impact (E) was a dangerous practice that could bring violence and race war.
132. In the early years of Reconstruction, an important function of the Freedman’s
Bureau was (A) the protection of the economic rights of former slaves (B) registering
former slaves to vote (C) establishing schools for free blacks in the North (D) setting up
“Black Codes” to regulate the behavior of former slaves (E) the Prosecution of plantation
owners who had abused their slaves.
133. Which of the following statements regarding the draft and the Union Army is true?
(A) More than half of the men serving the Union Army were draftees. (B) Congress
passed the draft law at the beginning of the Civil War. (C) A potential draftee could hire a
substitute or buy his way out of service. (D) There was widespread public support for the
draft because of the patriotism generated by the war. (E) The minimum draft age was set
at sixteen.
134. The slave states that remained in the Union included
(A) Missouri, Kentucky, and Virginia
(B) Delaware, Kentucky, and Tennessee
(C) North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas
(D) Missouri, Kentucky, and Delaware
(E) South Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama
135. During the Civil War, African-Americans in the North (A) were not allowed to join
the Union Army (B) fought in segregated regiments (C) were allowed to join the Union
Army but saw no combat (D) were integrated into white regiments (E) were permitted to
select their own officers.
136. The leading radical Republicans in Congress included
I.
Charles Sumner
II.
William H. Seward
III.
Edwin Stanton
IV.
Thaddeus Stevens
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
I only
III only
I and IV only
II and III only
I, III and IV only
137. Which of the following states seceded from the Union first? (A) South Carolina (B)
North Carolina (C) Kentucky (D) Georgia (E) Virginia.
138. Which of the following best describes the message of this cartoon? (A) a plea for
keeping the Union together on the eve of the Civil War (B) An appeal to the colonies to
unify against the threat from France (C) An appeal to slaveholding states against the
Missouri Compromise (D) A call for Native American tribes to unite against white
settlers (E) A plea to end sectional differences over tariff policy.
139. Which is the correct chronological order to illustrate a cause-and -effect relationship
among the following events leading to the Civil War? (A) South Carolina secedes,
Election of Lincoln, Lincoln-Douglas Debates, Dred Scott Decision, Kansas Nebraska
Act (B) Kansas -Nebraska Act, Dred Scott Decision, South Carolina secedes, LincolnDouglas Debates, Election of Lincoln (C) Dred Scott Decision, Kansas-Nebraska Act,
Lincoln-Douglas Debates, Election of Lincoln, South Carolina secedes (D) KansasNebraska Act, Dred Scott Decision, Lincoln-Douglas Debates, Election of Lincoln, South
Carolina secedes (E) Dred Scott Decision, Lincoln-Douglas Debates, Election of Lincoln,
South Carolina secedes, Kansas- Nebraska Act.
140. After the South seceded, the Congress was able to pass special legislation to benefit
the north and the West, such as the (A) Kansas-Nebraska Act (B) Pacific Railroad Bill
(C) Underwood Tariff (D) Sherman Anti-Trust Act (E) Chinese Exclusion Act.
raid from Canada (E) which bordered Mexico.
“For an enemy so relentless in the war for our subjugation, we could not be expected to mourn; yet, in
view of its political consequences, it could not be regarded otherwise than as a great misfortune to the
South. He had power over the Northern people, and was without personal malignity toward the people of the
South. His successor was without power in the North, and the embodiment of malignity toward the Southern
people, perhaps the more so because he had betrayed and deserted them in the hour of their need.”
141. Which of the following was the author of the passage above? (A) William Seward
(B) Abraham Lincoln (C) Jefferson Davis (D) John Wilkes Booth (E) William T.
Sherman.
“War is at best barbarism . . . . .Its glory is all moonshine. It is only those who have neither fired a shot
nor heard the shrieks and groans of the wounded who cry aloud for blood, more vengeance, more
desolation. War is hell."
142. Which of the following was the author of the passage above? (A) Robert E. Lee (B)
Abraham Lincoln (C) Jefferson Davis (D) John Wilkes Booth (E) William T. Sherman.
143. Which of the following were important Civil War battles
I.
Saratoga
III.
Bull Run
II.
Gettysburg
IV.
Atlanta
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
I and II
I, II and III
I, II and IV
I, III and IV
II, III and IV
“. . . [The Habeas Corpus Act] authorizes the President whom the people made, whom the people
had chosen by the ballot box under the Constitution and laws, to suspend the writ of habeas corpus all over
the United States; to say that because there is a rebellion in South Carolina, a man shall not have freedom
of speech, freedom of the press, or any of his rights untrammeled in the state of New York, or a thousand
miles distant. . . . The Constitution gives the power to Congress, and to Congress alone, to suspend the writ
of habeas corpus, but it can only be done in case of invasion or rebellion, and then only when the public
safety requires it.”
144. Which of the following was the “Copperhead” who gave the speech above? (A)
William Seward (B) Stephen Douglas (C) Ulysses Simpson Grant (D) Clement
Vallandigham (E) Charles Sumner.
145. The leader of the Radical Reconstructionists of the U.S. House of Representatives
was (A) Andrew Johnson (B) Charles Sumner (C) Thaddeus Stevens (D) Edwin M.
Stanton (E) U. S. Grant.
146. Among the scandals connected with the Grant administration are (A) Credit
Mobilier and Watergate (B) Teapot Dome and The Whiskey Ring (C) the Whiskey Ring
and Credit Mobilier (D) Watergate and Teapot Dome (E) Whiskey Ring and Watergate.
147. All of the following comments would apply to Uncle Tom’s Cabin except: (A) It
was written by a talented woman (B) It originated a common phrase used in Black and
White Relationships, Uncle Tom (C) It is a story of living conditions under slavery (D) It
was an important element in creating antislavery feeling in the North (E) It was not
widely read until ten years after publication.
148. The purpose of the Freedmen’s Bureau was to (A) gain the vote for the freed state
(B) Provide a mule and 40 acres for each slave (C) get radical Republicans in positions of
power in the South (D) Feed, adjust and educate the former slaves thus aiding their
adjustment to freedom (E) Work against Black codes.
“With malice toward none and charity for all with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right,
let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nations wounds, to care for him who shall have
borne the battle and for his widow and his orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting
peace among ourselves and all nations.”
149. The above quotation is a key clause in the view of the Post civil war period held and
initiated by (A) Thaddeus Stevens (B) Abraham Lincoln (C) Jefferson Davis (D)
Stonewall Jackson (E) Horace Greeley.
“All persons born or naturalized in the United states, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are
citizens of the United States and of the states wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law
which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive
any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its
jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.”
150. The above quotation is a key clause in the (A) Black code of South Carolina (B)
Gettysburg Address (C) 13th Amendment (D) 14th Amendment (E) 15th Amendment.
“The millionaires are a product of natural selection acting on the whole body of men to pick out those
qualified few who can meet requirements of certain work to be done...”
151. The author of the above quotation is most likely (A) Woodrow Wilson (B) William
Graham Sumner (C) William Jennings Bryan (D) Eugene V. Debs (E) Theodore
Roosevelt.
152. Which of the following ideas was not incorporated in Frederick Jackson Turner’s
thesis on the influence of the frontier on America? (A) “The complex European life” had
continual impact on America since the “Atlantic Coast... was the frontier of Europe.” (B)
there is a “new product that is American” (C) The frontier is the “outer edge... the
meeting point between savagery and civilization.” (D) A “frontier settlement” had existed
until 1890 (E) “Democracy born of free land, strong in selfishness and individualism,”
has its “dangers as well as its benefits.”
153. The major battle in the western theater during the Civil War which had the effect of
splitting the confederacy in half was (A) the Battle of the Wilderness (B) Vicksburg (C)
Antietam (D) Gettysburg (E) Petersburg.
154. The political Reconstruction of the South was ended after (A) the impeachment of
President Johnson (B) the Democratic presidential victory in 1884 (C) an agreement was
arranged which allowed Republican Rutherford B. Hayes to become president (D) the
southern states indicated they welcomed military occupation (E) the Grandfather clause
as a voting requirement was outlawed by the Supreme Court.
“But do those people want good government? Tammany says they don’t. Are the people honest? Are
the people better than Tammany? are they better than the merchant and the politician? Isn’t our corrupt
government, after all, newspaper and magazine articles, if they have proved nothing else, have
demonstrated beyond doubt that we can stand the truth.”
155. The quotation would most likely have been said by a (A) muckraker (B) Dixiecrat
(C) Populist (D) fundamentalist (E) Federalist.
156. The Pendleton act was passed by Congress as a response to (A) the assassination of
President Garfield (B) the Cross of Gold speech by William Jennings Bryan (C) the
declaration by the Supreme Court that the Granger Laws were unconstitutional (D) the
election of Theodore Roosevelt as vice-president (E) the application to the United States
for annexation by the provisional government of Hawaii.
157 In the forty years following the end of Reconstruction, fundamental changes in the
American system were brought about as a result of federal legislation in all of the
following except: (A) immigration (B) civil service (C) civil rights (D) interstate
commerce (E) monetary policy.
158. Which of the following events precipitated the military activity of the Civil War?
(A) The establishment of the state of West Virginia (B) Secession of South Carolina (C)
Action at Fort Sumter (D) First election of Lincoln to presidency (E) The Emancipation
Proclamation.
159. Which of the following is least descriptive of the educational changes in America
during the period 1865-1900 (A) Blacks had limited educational opportunities in spite of
the work of Booker T. Washington (B) The illiteracy rate for people over 10 years old
steadily declined (C) There was a tremendous increase in the number of colleges,
including colleges for women (D) Summer school courses and college extension courses
were introduced to expand educational opportunities (E) American research scientists and
philosophers became the best and most widely known in the world, taking intellectual
leadership away from Europe.
160. At the beginning of the Civil War, the North had all of the following advantages
over the South except: (A) more manpower (B) more industry (C) stronger consensus
concerning war aims (D) an established government recognized by all countries (E)
making government more directly responsible to the electorate.
“General: In accordance with the substance of my letter to you of the 8th inst., I propose to receive
the surrender of the Army of N. Va. on the following terms, to wit: Rolls of all the officers and men to be
made in duplicate. One copy to be given to an officer designated by me, the other to be retained by such
officer or officers as you may designate. The officers to give their individual paroles not to take up arms
against the Government of the United States until properly exchanged, and each company or regimental
commander sign a like parole for the men of their commands. The arms, artillery and public property to be
parked and stacked, and turned over to the officer appointed by me to receive them. This will not embrace
the side-arms of the officers, nor their private horses or baggage. This done, each officer and man will be
allowed to return to their homes, not to be disturbed by United States authority so long as they observe their
paroles and the laws in force where they may reside. ”
161. Which of the following was the author of the passage above? (A) William Seward
(B) Abraham Lincoln (C) Ulysses Simpson Grant (D) Clement Vallandigham (E)
William T. Sherman.
162. All of the following express Lincoln’s attitudes toward slavery and race questions at
various times except: (A) He advocated emancipation of slaves with compensation to
their owners before the Douglas debates (B) He maintained that his chief war aim was to
preserve the Union rather than to free the slaves (C) He believed in colonization for the
freedmen. (D) He strongly supported the Thirteenth Amendment (E) He advocated
immediate abolition during his debates with Douglas.
163. Richmond, the capital of the Confederacy, and Washington, the capital of the
Union, were only 100 miles apart. Yet for nearly four years neither the Confederate nor
the Union army could capture the other’s capital mainly because (A) each army was
primarily concerned with the Western theater and only secondarily interested in capturing
the other’s capital (B) each army was afraid of the other (C) the Appalachian mountains
formed a natural barrier between the cities (D) the natural path of armies between the
capitals was hampered by wide rivers and estuaries (E) neither Jefferson Davis nor
Abraham Lincoln sanctioned a policy of invasion of the enemy’s population centers.
164. The Morrill Act of 1862, which provided for land grants in support of agricultural
and mechanical colleges, had the greatest impact on higher education in (A) New
England (B) the South Atlantic States (C) the Middle Atlantic Sates (D) the Middle West
and Far West (E) the deep South.
“I hold that, in contemplation of universal law and of the Constitution, the Union of these States is
perpetual. It follows from these views that no State upon its own mere notion can lawfully get out of the
Union; that resolves and ordinances to that effect are legally void.”
165. Which of the following is most likely to have made the statement above? (A)
Thomas Jefferson (B) Abraham Lincoln (C) Frederick A. Douglass (D) John C. Calhoun
(E) John Quincy Adams.
166. Which of the following consideration moved President Abraham Lincoln to issue
the Emancipation Proclamation? (A) His belief that emancipation could be justified as a
war
measure that would weaken the South and rally the North (B) His fear that the
Democratic party would campaign for emancipation in the 1864 election (C) His desire to
win over potential supporters of General George B. McClellan’s presidential candidacy
(D) His anticipation that the Proclamation would release numbers of slaves in the border
states for army service (E) His pledge during the election campaign of 1860 to
emancipate the slaves.
167. Federal Reconstruction policies between 1867 and 1876 followed, for the most part,
the wishes of (A) President Abraham Lincoln (B) President Andrew Johnson (C)
Southern plantation owners (D) Northern Democrats in Congress (E) Northern
Republicans in Congress.
168. Before 1861 the Republican party’s view on the slavery issue was best
characterized by which of the following? (A) Slavery should be permitted to continue
only in those areas where it was economically profitable (B) Slavery should be extended
westward only in the area south of
36’ 30” (C) slavery should be permitted only in those areas where it already existed (D)
Slavery should be abolished by constitutional amendment (E) Slavery should be extended
only on he basis of popular sovereignty.
169. The “conquered provinces” theory, which stated that the South had forfeited its
rights by seceding from the Union and that Congress should treat it as a conquered
territory, was announced by (A) Thaddeus Stevens (B) Andrew Johnson (C) Jefferson
Davis (D) George B. McClellan (E) John Sherman.
“All persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State the people whereof shall
then be in rebellion against the United States shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free.”
170. The statement above is taken from (A) Lincoln’s Ten Percent Plan (B) the
Fourteenth Amendment (C) the Freedmen’s Bureau Act (D) the Thirteenth Amendment
(E) the Emancipation Proclamation.
“I told that, in contemplation of universal law and of the Constitution, the Union of these States is
perpetual. It follows from these views that no State upon its own mere motion can lawfully get out of the
Union; that resolves and ordinances to that effect are legally void.”
171. Which of the following is most likely to have made the statement above? (A)
Thomas Jefferson (B) Abraham Lincoln (C) Frederick A. Douglass (D) John C. Calhoun
(E) John Q. Adams.
“The power...given to the commanding officer over all the people of each district is that of an
absolute monarch. His mere will is to take the place of all law. The law of the States is now the only rule
applicable to the subjects placed under his control, and that is completely displaced by the clause which
declares all interference of State authority to be null and void.”
172. The quotation above is part of which of the following documents? (A) James K.
Polk’s war message to Congress, 1846 (B) Abraham Lincoln’s 10% plan of
reconstruction, 1863 (C) Andrew Johnson’s veto of the first Reconstruction Act, 1867
(D) Rutherford B. Hayes’ inaugural address, 1877 (E) William McKinley’s war message
to Congress, 1898.
173. The disputed election of 1876 produced which of the following? (A) The final
withdrawal of federal troops from the South (B) The immediate passage of new state
segregation laws in the South (C) The subsequent reelection of Ulysses S. Grant (D) The
subsequent election of James G. Blaine as a compromise Republican (E) The immediate
disenfranchisement of Blacks in nearly all the southern states.
174. Before 1861, the Republicans party’s view on the slavery issue was best
characterized by which of the following? (A) Slavery should be permitted to continue
only in those areas where it was economically profitable (B) Slavery should be extended
westward only in the area south of 36’30” (C) Slavery should be permitted only in those
areas where it already existed (D) Slavery should be abolished by constitutional
amendment (E) Slavery should be extended only on the basis of popular sovereignty.
175. During the Civil War the United States seized goods consigned to British colonial
ports but destined for ports in the South. What justification was given for this seizure?
(A) Ostend Manifesto (B) Doctrine of continuous voyage (C) Rights under a “paper”
blockade (D) Rights established by the Jay Treaty (E) Privilege under letters of marque
and reprisal.
176. On the basis of significant legislation passed during his administration, President
Lincoln seemed most influenced by the principles of (A) Alexander Hamilton (B)
Thomas Jefferson (C) William Lloyd Garrison (D) Andrew Jackson (E) Daniel Webster.
177. In foreign affairs, President Lincoln’s most significant achievement was his success
in (A) gaining the support of the Czar of Russia for the Union cause (B) negotiating the
demilitarization of the Canadian-American boundary (C) meeting the challenge to the
Monroe Doctrine in Mexico (D) establishing claims to islands in the Pacific (E)
restraining foreign powers from recognizing the Confederacy.
178. Which author’s work is better known for romance than for literary realism? (A)
William Dean Howells (B) Nathaniel Hawthorne (C) Stephen Crane (D) Theodore
Dreiser (E) Frank Norris.
179. The president whose election depended upon the decision of an electoral
commission was (A) Grover Cleveland (B) Benjamin Harrison (C) Rutherford B. Hayes
(D) Andrew Jackson (E) Richard Nixon.
180. The 19th-century American cartoonist who created the Tammany tiger, the G.O.P.
elephant, and the Democratic donkey was (A) Rollin Kirby (B) Herbert Low (C) Bill
Mauldin (D) Thomas Nast (E) Charles Schulz.
181. During the 1880’s and 1890’s farmers were more successful than industrial workers
in achieving (A) restriction of output (B) increased tariff protection (C) restriction of
immigration (D) formation of a national organization (E) effectively controlled blocs in
the state legislatures.
182. Suppose the price of wheat during the period 1909-1914 was 90 cents per bushel
and the cost of living in 1949 (1909-1914 = 100) was 240. What price per bushel should
the farmer have received for wheat in 1949 if the government was guaranteeing 80
percent of parity?
(A) $1.73
(B) $1.92
(C) $2.16
(D) $3.12
(E) $3.30.
183. Which did the midwestern farmer of the 1870’s favor? (A) Tariff policy followed in
the McKinley administration (B) Reconstruction Finance Corporation (C) The court
decision in Munn v. Illinois (D) Parity-price supports (E) The denial of the 14th
Amendment to corporations.
184. Which contributed most to federal regulation of railroads? (A) Demands from
manufacturers for the elimination of certain railroad abuses (B) Demands from people
who had purchased railroad securities (C) Issuance of watered stock by the railroad
corporations (D) Political pressure from labor unions (E) Breakdown of state control and
regulation.
185. All of the following statements about the Bland-Allison Act are true except? (A) It
was generally favored by farmers of the West. (B) The Greenback party opposed it. (C)
Some termed its passage the “Crime of ‘73.” (D) The bill was vetoed by the president.
(E) The bill provided for unlimited (or free) coinage of silver at 16 to 1.
186. All but one of the following statements are true about the Homestead Act of 1862.
Identify the exception. (A) The purpose of the Act was to encourage more rapid
settlement of the West. (B) An adult could acquire 160 acres by living on it and working
it for five years with no money payment required other than a modest registration fee. (C)
Land could be purchased at $1.25 per acre with six months’ residence provision. (D) The
residence provisions of the law were carefully administered to assure that own, true
homesteaders acquired land under this act. (E) Homesteading raised one way to avoid the
Civil War draft back home and also to escape the embarrassment of not enlisting.
187. Members of Congress who wanted to punish the former leaders of the Confederacy
approved of (A) Lincoln’s “10 percent plan” (B) President Johnson’s policy toward the
South (C) the 14th Amendment (D) the “grandfather clauses” (E) the Amnesty Act of
1872.
188. A major purpose of the Reconstruction Act (1867) in the United States was to (A)
hasten the industrialization of the South (B) break down the one-crop economy of the
South (C) “bind up the nation’s wounds” (D) prevent the readmission of the Southern
states to the Union (E) enable the Republican party to retain control of Congress.
189. The “grandfather clause” is most similar in purpose to (A) “Jim Crow” laws (B)
liberty laws (C) 14th Amendment (D) poll tax (E) gag rule.
190. Which trend did not characterize both agriculture and business after the Civil War?
(A) Formation of organizations to control prices (B) Introduction of labor-saving devices
(C) Increase in importance of world markets (D) Increase in capital investments (E)
Attempts to have their interests protected by the federal government.
191. The leading radical Republicans in Congress included
I.
Charles Sumner
II.
William H. Seward
III.
Edwin Stanton
IV.
Thaddeus Stevens
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
I only
III only
I and IV only
II and III only
I, III and IV only
192. The provisions of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo included all of these except:
(A) Pay 15 million to Mexico (B) Set the Texas Boundary at the Rio Grande (C) Yield
California to the United States (D) Yield New Mexico to the United States (E) Yield the
Mesilla Valley of Arizona to the United States.
193. The Gilded Age received its nickname from the (A) improvement in the average
American’s standard of living (B) corruption, greed, and superficial appearance of wealth
(C) success of mineral strikes in California and the western territories (D) growth of cities
and their attractions (E) monetary gold standards.
194. Reconstruction legislation passed by Congress included all of the following except:
(A) Tenure of Office Act (B) Civil Rights Act of 1866 (C) Black Codes (D) First
Reconstruction Act (E) Reconstruction Act of 1868.
195. In the early years of Reconstruction, an important function of the Freedman’s
Bureau was (A) the protection of the economic rights of former slaves (B) registering
former slaves to vote (C) establishing schools for free blacks in the North (E) the
Prosecution of plantation owners who had abused their slaves
196. Which of the following statements regarding the draft and the Union Army is true?
(A) More than half of the men serving the Union Army were draftees. (B) Congress
passed the draft law at the beginning of the Civil War. (C) A potential draftee could hire a
substitute of buy his way out of service. (D) There was widespread public support for the
draft because of the patriotism generated by the war. (E) The minimum draft age was set
at sixteen.
197. The “Crime of 1873” was (A) the blatant frauds exposed in the 1872 presidential
election (B) the buying and selling of votes in attempts to defeat the Bland-Allison Silver
Purchase
Act (C) revelations of the Credit Mobilier rail road construction
scandal (D) the decision by Congress to stop the coinage of silver (E) the refusal of
Congress to remain on the gold standard.
198. During the Civil War, African-Americans in the North (A) were not allowed to join
the Union Army (B) fought in segregated regiments (C) were allowed to join the Union
Army but saw no combat (D) were integrated into white regiments (E) were permitted to
select their own officers.
199. The slave states that remained in the Union included
(A)
Missouri, Kentucky, and Virginia
(B)
Delaware, Kentucky, and Tennessee
(C)
North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas
(D)
Missouri, Kentucky, and Delaware
(E)
South Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama
200. The major battle in the western theater during the Civil War which had the effect of
splitting the confederacy in half was (A) the Battle of the Wilderness (B) Vicksburg (C)
Antietam (D) Gettysburg (E) Petersburg.
201. The political Reconstruction of the South was ended after (A) the impeachment of
President Johnson (B) the Democratic presidential victory in 1884 (C) an agreement was
arranged which allowed Republican Rutherford B. Hayes to become president (D) the
southern states indicated they welcomed military occupation (E) the Grandfather clause
as a voting requirement was outlawed by the Supreme Court.
202. Which of the following is true about Ulysses Simpson Grant?
I
After Sherman's success in Georgia and the conquest of the Shenandoah
Valley by
General Philip H. Sheridan, Grant forced Lee to
abandon Petersburg and
Richmond (April 2, 1865)
and to surrender at Appomattox on April 9.
II
His second presidential administration was besmirched by many scandals,
including the Crédit Mobilier affair; the Whiskey Ring ; and the
impeachment of
Secretary of War William W. Belknap.
III
As the country's best-known military leader, Grant refused the Republican
nomination for president in 1868. Horatio Seymour was elected.
IV
Grant's military experience ill prepared him for his the Presidency. Faced
with
major problems of Reconstruction, civil service reform, and
economic adjustment,
he did not choose good advisers and
was unable to avoid the pitfalls of an age of
corruption.
V
Moreover, his inexperience in economic matters and his inordinate respect
for
wealth rendered him easy prey to scheming adventurers. Thus, in
1869 he was
taken in by Jay Gould and James Fisk in their
attempt to corner the gold market.
(A)
I, II and IV only
(D)
I, II, IV and V
(B)
I, III, and V only
(E)
All of these
(C)
III and IV only
203. Which of the following did not contribute to the bad relations between native
Americans and the U.S. government in the forty years following the Civil War? (A) The
slaughter of the buffalo (B) The corruption of many Indian Agents (C) The discovery and
exploration of gold in the Black Hills of South Dakota (D) The publication of works such
as Helen Hunt Jackson’s A Century of Dishonor and Ramona (E) The disregard of treaty
arrangements.
204. The Pendleton act was passed by Congress as a response to (A) the assassination of
President Garfield (B) the Cross of Gold speech by William Jennings Bryan (C) the
declaration by the Supreme Court that the Granger Laws were unconstitutional (D) the
election of Theodore Roosevelt as vice-president (E) the application to the United States
for annexation by the provisional government of Hawaii.
205. In the forty years following the end of Reconstruction, fundamental changes in the
American system were brought about as a result of federal legislation in all of the
following except: (A) immigration (B) civil service (C) civil rights (D) interstate
commerce (E) monetary policy.
206. Which of the following events should not be considered part of the expansion of the
United States? (A) Purchase of Alaska (B) Annexation of the Midway Islands (C)
Opening of the Panama canal (D) Battle of Manila Bay (E) The London Economic
Conference.
207. Which of the following events occurred most recently (A) The establishment of the
congress of the industrial organizations (B) Passage by Massachusetts of the first
minimum wage act for women (C) Organization of the Knights of labor (D) Passage of
the La Follette Seamen’s act regulating employment wages for maritime workers (E)
passage of the Adamson act regulating railroad working conditions.
208. Which of the following events precipitated the military activity of the Civil War?
(A) The establishment of the state of West Virginia (B) Secession of South Carolina (C)
Action at Fort Sumter (D) First election of Lincoln to presidency (E) The Emancipation
Proclamation.
209. At the beginning of the Civil War, the North had all of the following advantages
over the South except: (A) more manpower (B) more industry (C) stronger consensus
concerning war aims (D) an established government recognized by all countries (E)
making government more directly responsible to the electorate.
210. An important factor in the expansion of American industry between the Civil War
and the First World War was the (A) demand from Asia for American manufactured (B)
rivalry with Canada for the wheat markets of the world (C) return from American
investments in Europe (D) growth of the domestic American market (E) boom in canal
building.
211. Which of the following was true about relations between Native Americans
(Indians) and whites in the period 1861-1890? (A) The federal government attempted to
break down tribal autonomy on the Great Plains (B) Congress upheld pre-Civil War
promises to preserve Indian tribal hunting lands in the West (C) Federal voting rights
were extended to Indians on reservations (D) The Indians of the great Plains offered little
resistance to white expansion (E) The present area of Arizona and New Mexico was set
aside as Indian Territory.
212. The United States reversed its earlier refusal and proceeded to annex Texas for all
of the following reasons except: (A) England was showing a strong interest in preserving
an independent Texas (B) A Mexican Army was on its way toward Texas to reconquer it
(C) The activities of British abolitionists in regard to Texas were considered a threat to
the security of the South (D) The President-elect had been elected on an expansionist
platform (E) Texas was becoming a rival source of cotton.
213. All of the following express Lincoln’s attitudes toward slavery and race questions at
various times except: (A) He advocated emancipation of slaves with compensation to
their owners before the Douglas debates (B) He maintained that his chief war aim was to
preserve the Union rather than to free the slaves (C) He believed in colonization for the
freedmen. (D) He strongly supported the Thirteenth Amendment (E) He advocated
immediate abolition during his debates with Douglas.
214. Richmond, the capital of the Confederacy, and Washington, the capital of the
Union, were only 100 miles apart. Yet for nearly four years neither the Confederate nor
the Union army could capture the other’s capital mainly because (A) each army was
primarily concerned with the Western theater and only secondarily interested in capturing
the other’s capital (B) each army was afraid of the other (C) the Appalachian mountains
formed a natural barrier between the cities (D) the natural path of armies between the
capitals was hampered by wide rivers and estuaries (E) neither Jefferson Davis nor
Abraham Lincoln sanctioned a policy of invasion of the enemy’s population centers.
215. The Morrill Act of 1862, which provided for land grants in support of agricultural
and mechanical colleges, had the greatest impact on higher education in (A) New
England (B) the South Atlantic States (C) the Middle Atlantic Sates (D) the Middle West
and Far West (E) the deep South.
216. The decade of the 1950’s was characterized by all of the following except: (A) a
decline in the divorce rate (B) increased expenditures for the national defense (C)
increased expenditures for education (D) a rising level of family income (E) a migration
from cities to the suburbs.
217. Free blacks in the North in the 1840’s and 1850’s usually could expect to (A) enter
easily into labor unions (B) compete for employment with Irish immigrants (C) achieve
separate but equal status within the Protestant denominations (D) gain citizenship status
under federal law (E) have legal access to public education.
219. It was the position of the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions that the (A) Supreme
Court should judge the constitutionality of congressional measures. (B) states should
secede from the Union when they believe congressional measures to be unconstitutional
(C) states should judge the constitutionality of congressional measures (D) Tariff of
Abominations was null and void (E) appointment of “midnight judges” was
unconstitutional.
220. Which of the following is true about Ulysses Simpson Grant?
I
During the Mexican War, Grant served under both General Zachary
Taylor and
General Winfield Scott but was never in combat.
II
In 1854, Grant resigned his commission because of loneliness and
drinking
problems, and in the following years he engaged in
generally unsuccessful farming
and business ventures in
Missouri.
III
At the outbreak of the American Civil War, Grant was unable to get in the
army,
and worked in a general store for most of the first two
years.
IV
In 1863 Grant established his reputation as a strategist in the brilliant
campaign
against Vicksburg, Mississippi
V
In February 1861 was given command of all Union armies.Grant's
subsequent
campaigns revealed his reluctance to risk the lives
of his men.
(A)
(B)
(C)
II and IV only
I, III, and V only
III and IV only
(D)
(E)
I, II, III and IV
All of these
221. Which of the following consideration moved President Abraham Lincoln to issue
the Emancipation Proclamation? (A) His belief that emancipation could be justified as a
war
measure that would weaken the South and rally the North (B) His fear that the
Democratic party would campaign for emancipation in the 1864 election (C) His desire to
win over potential supporters of General George B. McClellan’s presidential candidacy
(D) His anticipation that the Proclamation would release numbers of slaves in the border
states for army service (E) His pledge during the election campaign of 1860 to
emancipate the slaves.
222. The 1848 women’s right convention in Seneca Falls, New York, was a protest
against (A) the use of women workers in textile factories (B) the abuse of slave women
on Southern plantations (C) the failure of the Democratic party to endorse the Women’s
Suffrage Amendment (D) customs and laws that gave women a status inferior to men (E)
state restrictions that prevented women from joining labor unions.
223. Federal Reconstruction policies between 1867 and 1876 followed, for the most part,
the wishes of (A) President Abraham Lincoln (B) President Andrew Johnson (C)
Southern plantation owners (D) Northern Democrats in Congress (E) Northern
Republicans in Congress.
224. Before 1861 the Republican party’s view on the slavery issue was best
characterized by which of the following? (A) Slavery should be permitted to continue
only in those areas where it was economically profitable (B) Slavery should be extended
westward only in the area south of
36’ 30” (C) slavery should be permitted only in those areas where it already existed (D)
Slavery should be abolished by constitutional amendment (E) Slavery should be extended
only on he basis of popular sovereignty.
225. The “conquered provinces” theory, which stated that the South had forfeited its
rights by seceding from the Union and that Congress should treat it as a conquered
territory, was announced by (A) Thaddeus Stevens (B) Andrew Johnson (C) Jefferson
Davis (D) George B. McClellan (E) John Sherman.
226. All of the following are examples of the continued sectional animosity that occurred
in the decade following the Compromise of 1850 except: (A) fighting between
proslavery and antislavery factions in Kansas (B) John Brown’s raid on Harpers Ferry
(C) John Quincy Adams’ battle against the gag rule (D) the beating of Charles Sumner on
the floor of the Senate (E) the attempted forceful rescue of former slave Anthony Burns
in Boston.
228. Which of the following is true about Robert Edward Lee?
I
Brilliant Confederate general, whose military genius was probably the
greatest
single factor in keeping the Confederacy alive
through the four years of the
American Civil War.
II
He was educated at Harvard. He graduated second in his class in 1829,
and hoped
to become an attorney before he enlisted for the war
with Mexico
III
He distinguished himself in the battles of the Mexican War and was
wounded in the
storming of Chapultepec in 1847; for his
meritorious service he received his third
brevet promotion in
rank.
IV
He became superintendent of the U.S. Naval Academy.
V
President Abraham Lincoln offered him the field command of the Union
forces, but
Lee declined.
(A)
(B)
(C)
II and IV only
I, III, and V only
III and IV only
(D)
(E)
I, II, III and IV
All of these
“Already I am growing used to the experience, at first so novel, of living among five hundred men, and
scarce a white face to be seen,--of seeing them go through all their daily processes, eating, frolicking,
talking, just as if they were white. Each day at dress-parade I stand with the customary folding of the arms
before a regimental line of countenances so black that I can hardly tell whether the men stand steadily or
not; black is every hand which moves in ready cadence as I vociferate, "Battalion! Shoulder arms!" nor is it
till the line of white officers moves forward, as parade is dismissed, that I am reminded that my own face is
not the color of coal. . . .”
229. Which of the following was the author of the passage above? (A) William Seward
(B) Abraham Lincoln (C) Ulysses Simpson Grant (D) Clement Vallandigham (E)
William T. Sherman.
230. The disputed election of 1876 produced which of the following? (A) The final
withdrawal of federal troops from the South (B) The immediate passage of new state
segregation laws in the South (C) The subsequent reelection of Ulysses S. Grant (D) The
subsequent election of James G. Blaine as a compromise Republican (E) The immediate
disenfranchisement of Blacks in nearly all the southern states.
231. In all but one of the pairs below, the words or phrase in parenthesis helps to bring
into effect, to support, or to make more effective the item with which it is paired. Identify
the exception to that relationship.
(A)
The desirability of the acquisition by the United States of the Louisiana
Territory
(France took Louisiana Territory from Spain)
(B)
Manufacturing in America (Tariff of 1816)
(C)
War between Mexico and Texas (Battle of San Jacinto)
(D)
The Democratic party split between Douglas and Breckenridge
(Lecompton
Constitution)
(E)
Acceptance of the decision of the Electoral Commission in 1876
(Democratic states
of the South)
232. Which statement relative to land in the West following the passage of the
Homestead Act is correct? (A) Since land was available without cost from the
government, land speculators were forced out of business (B) The best lands were held
back by the government for national parks (C) Most pioneers still had to purchase their
farms (D) Preemption rights to land could no longer be claimed by early settlers (E) The
railroads held their land grants until after the free land was gone in order to secure higher
prices.
233. William Seward’s chief motivation in his desire to purchase Alaska was (A) fear
that Alaska would develop into a Russian military base (B) documented reports of
Alaska’s mineral wealth (C) rumors of Britain’s negotiation for the purchase of this
territory (D) repayment of Russia for its support of the North during the Civil War (E) a
vision of our “manifest destiny” ultimately including all the territory in the north.
234. The act passed by Congress as a “frame-up” to lead to the impeachment of
President Andrew Johnson was the (A) Civil Rights Act (B) Civil Service Act (C)
Fugitive Slave Act (D) Pendleton Act (E) Tenure of Office Act.
235. In order to become a law, a bill in Congress must (A) receive a 2/3 majority of the
votes in Congress (B) receive a 3/4 majority of the votes in each house of Congress (C)
receive a 2/3 majority of votes in each house of Congress (D) pass both houses of
Congress in identical form (E) pass as amended in the last house of Congress to consider
it.
236. Which of the following statements is not true about the 14th Amendment to the
United States Constitution? (A) Its purpose was to force the ex-Confederate states to
grant the ex-slaves equal treatment under the law with whites. (B) “nor shall any, State
deprive any, person of life, liberty or property, without due process of law, nor deny to
any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws” is a quotation from the
14th Amendment. (C) nor shall any State deprive any citizen of the right to vote on
account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude” is a quotation from the 14th
Amendment. (D) As long as the Reconstruction Period lasted in each of the exConfederate states, the civil rights provisions of the 14th Amendment were substantially,
enforced. (E) After the Reconstruction Period and until 1954 the “separate but equal”
criterion prevailed.
237. In Ex parte Milligan the United States Supreme Court set an important precedent in
the field of (A) civil rights (B) immigration (C) segregation (D) states rights (E)
government regulation of railroads.
238. The most distinctive function of a political party, as compared with other groups
interested in government, is that it (A) helps to create public opinion (B) reflects public
opinion (C) tries to persuade voters to support its candidates and policies (D) supplies
personnel for nonelective public offices (E) selects candidates for public office.
239. “Waving the bloody shirt” means which of the following? (A) Yellow journalism
tending to provoke war (B) Activities of congressmen known as “War Hawks” in 18111812 (C) Campaign oratory of Radical Republicans in the 1860’s and 1870’s (D) Upton
Sinclair’s lurid, and largely accurate, account of the slaughterhouses of the Chicago
stockyards (E) Opposing war on the moral basis that all intentional killing of people by
people is murder.
240. In which of the following periods were the Black Codes effective? (A) From the
Dred Scott case to the firing on Fort Sumter (B) From the Reconstruction Acts of 186768 to the Hayes-Tilden election (C) From the Kansas-Nebraska Bill to the Dred Scott
case (D) From Appomattox to the Reconstruction Acts of 1867-68 (E) From the first
issue of Garrison’s Liberator to John Brown at Harper’s Ferry.
241. At the end of the Civil War, the vast majority of freed slaves found work as (A)
factory workers (B) railroad employees (C) independent artisans (D) tenant farmers (E)
domestic servants.
242. During the closing decades of the nineteenth century, farmers complained about all
of the following except: (A) rising commodity prices (B) high interest charges (C) high
freight rates (D) high storage costs (E) large middleman profits.
243. Apologists for slavery in the South in the 1850’s claimed all of the following
except: (A) Slaves lived and worked under better conditions than most northern wage
earners (B) Slaves were usually regarded as family members (C) Slavery brought
Christianity to the slaves (D) Slavery was supported by the authority of the Bible (E)
Slavery would die out naturally.
244. At the beginning of the Civil War, Southerners expressed all of the following
expectations except: (A) The materialism of the North would prevent Northerners from
fighting an idealistic war (B) Great Britain would intervene on the side of the South in
order to preserve its source of cotton (C) Northern unity in the struggle against the
Southern states would eventually break (D) The economic and military resources of the
South would outlast those of the North (E) The justice of the South’s cause would
prevail.
245. The 1848 women’s rights convention in Seneca Falls, New York, was a protest
against (A) the use of women workers in textile factories (B) the abuse of slave women
on Southern plantations (C) the failure of the Democratic party to endorse the Women’s
Suffrage Amendment (D) customs and laws that gave women a status inferior to that of
men (E) state restrictions that prevented women from joining labor unions.
.....The Constitution is a compact. It contains all our obligations and duties of the Federal
Government...... All the obligations, all the chains that fetter the limbs of my people, are nominated in the
bond, and they wisely excluded any conclusion against them, by declaring that the powers not granted by
the Constitution to the United States, or forbidden by it to the States, belonged to the States respectively or
the people. Now I will try it by that standard; I will subject it to that test. The law of nature, the law of justice,
would say, and it is so expounded by the publicists, that equal rights in the common property shall be
enjoyed...... This right of equality being, then, according to justice and natural equity, a right belonging to all
States, when did we give it up? You say Congress has a right to pass rules and regulations concerning the
Territory and other property of the United States. Very well. Does that exclude those whose blood and
money paid for it? Does "dispose of" mean to rob the rightful owners? You must show a better title than that,
or a better sword than we have.
246. Which of the following made the speech above? (A) Abraham Lincoln (B) Stephen
A. Douglas (C) William Seward (D) Robert Toombs (E) Daniel Webster.
“......The levee of New Orleans was one scene of desolation. Ships, steamers, cotton, coal, etc., were
all in one common blaze, and our ingenuity was much taxed to avoid the floating conflagration......I
neglected to mention my having good information respecting the iron-clad rams which they were building. I
sent Captain Lee up to seize the principal one, the Mississippi, which was to be the terror of these seas, and
no doubt would have been to a great extent; but she soon came floating by us all in flames, and passed
down the river. Another was sunk immediately in front of the Custom-House; others were building in Algiers,
just begun.”
247. Which of the following wrote the report quoted above? (A) Robert E. Lee (B)
Stephen A. Douglas (C) William T. Sherman (D) Jubal Early (E) David G. Farragut.
248. Which of the following are true?
I
The Civil War took a grisly toll in gore, about as much as all of America's
subsequent wars combined.
II
Over six hundred thousand men died in action or of disease, and in all
over a
million were killed or seriously wounded.
III
The nation lost the cream of its young manhood and potential leadership.
In
addition, tens of thousands of babies went unborn because
potential fathers were at
the front.
IV
Direct monetary costs of the conflict totaled about $95 billion.
(A)
(B)
(C)
I, II, and IV only
I, III, and IV only
II and III only
(D)
(E)
I, II, and III only
I, II, III, and IV
249. Which of the following is true about William Henry Seward?
I
American statesman, He served as governor of New York State from 1839
to 1843,
supporting educational reform and public works.
II
He served in the U.S. Senate from 1849 to 1861 (first as a Whig, then as a
Republican), during which time he established an uncompromising
antislavery
policy. He is famous for the quote, “There is a
higher law than the Constitution”
III
He was active in organizing the Republican party, formed as a result of the
Whig
party split over the slavery issue. From 1861 to 1869,
IV
While secretary of state, Seward also advocated a policy of American
expansion. he
did secure consent for the purchase of Alaska from Russia
in 1867 for $7,200,000.
V
He served as secretary of state in the Republican administrations of
President
Abraham Lincoln and President Andrew Johnson.
His perceptiveness and
diplomacy in this office were
to a large degree responsible for preventing European
intervention during the American Civil War.
(A)
(B)
(C)
II and IV only
I, III, and IV only
III and IV only
(D)
(E)
I, II, III and IV
I, II, III, IV and V
250. Which of the following is true about Andrew Johnson?
I
Johnson was the son of poor servants at an inn. After the death of his
father,
Johnson's mother remarried, and in 1822 she apprenticed
him to a tailor. Two
years later he ran away from his employer,
who advertised for his recapture.
II
Johnson moved to Tennessee,
established a tailor shop and married Eliza
McCardle, the
daughter of a local shoemaker, who helped him in his efforts to
overcome the lack of a formal education. Prospering in his trade, he eventually
made enough money to buy a few slaves.
III
Johnson held conventional Southern views on slavery and in 1860
supported John
C. Breckinridge, the presidential candidate
of the Southern Democrats. Despite this,
he opposed Tennessee's
secession from the Union. Even after the beginning of the
American Civil War, he alone among Southern senators remained loyal to the U.S.
IV
As a Wartime Southern Unionist , Johnson was a symbol of wartime
Unionism.
V
He became a member of the radical Joint
Committee on the Conduct of the War,
and after the capture
of Nashville, Tennessee, President Abraham Lincoln
appointed him military governor of Tennessee (March 1862), and he took up his p
(A)
(B)
(C)
II and IV only
I, III, and IV only
III and IV only
(D)
(E)
I, II, III and IV
I, II, III, IV and V
251. In his interpretation of the historical development of the United States, Frederick
Jackson Turner focused on the importance of (A) the traditions of Western European
culture (B) the absence of a feudal aristocracy (C) Black people and Black slavery (D)
the conflict between capitalists and workers (E) the existence of cheap unsettled land.
252. Which of the following was not an advantage for the South? (A) The Confederacy
could fight defensively behind interior lines. (B) The North had to invade the vast
territory of the Confederacy, conquer it, and drag it bodily back into the Union. (C) the
South had to win the war in order to win its independence. It could not merely fight the
invaders to a draw.(D) Fighting on their own soil for self-determination and preservation
of their way of life, Southerners at first enjoyed an advantage in morale as well. (E)
Militarily, the South had the most talented officers right from the beginning of the war.
Most conspicuous among a dozen or so first-rate commanders was gray-haired General
Robert E. Lee.
253. Which of the following is not true? (A) The Civil War spawned a millionaire class
for the first time in American history, though a few individuals of extreme wealth could
have been found earlier. (B) Many of these newly rich were noisy, gaudy, brassy, and
given to extravagant living. (C) The story of speculators and peculators was roughly the
same in both camps. But graft was more flagrant in the South than in the North, partly
because there was more to steal. (D) Unscrupulous Northern manufacturers supplied
shoes with cardboard soles and fast-disintegrating uniforms of reprocessed or "shoddy"
wool rather than virgin wool. (E) Newly invented laborsaving machinery enabled the
North to expand economically, even though the cream of its manpower was being drained
off to the fighting front.
254. Which of the following was the South’s greatest weakness? (A) The North
controlled the sea with its vastly superior navy and established a blockade (B) The North
was a huge farm which made supply of its troops easy given the railroad network (C) The
Yankees boasted about three-fourths of the nation's wealth and banking establishment.
(D) the South’s military leadership was second rate (E) the North was much more skilled
at the arts of war because her men were all trained from childhood in the skills of
warfare.
255. Which of the following is the best reason that Britain recognized the Yankee
blockade? (A) the Union Navy, operating in its’ own waters, was formidable (B) the
Geneva convention, which Britain had signed, defined the blockade (C) Blockade
happened to be the chief offensive weapon of Britain, which was still Mistress of the
Seas. (D) Britain was plainly Pro-Union, and did not want to tie its hands in a future war.
(E) Blockade running soon became impossible, so the British figured they might as well
comply.
256. Which of the following is true of Antietam?
I
Fortune shone upon Lee when two Confederate soldiers found a copy of
McClellan's battle plans wrapped around a packet of three cigars dropped by a careless
Union officer.
II
McClellan succeeded in halting Lee at Antietam on September 17, 1862,
in one of the bitterest and bloodiest days of the war.
III
Antietam was more or less a draw militarily. But Lee, finding his thrust
parried, retired across the Potomac. McClellan, from whom much more had been hoped,
was removed from his field command for the second and final time.
IV
The landmark Battle of Antietam was one of the decisive engagements of
the Civil War. The Confederates were crushed beyond all hope.
V
Bloody Antietam was also the long-awaited "victory" that Lincoln needed
for launching his Emancipation Proclamation. Antietam served as the needed
emancipation springboard.
(A)
I, III and V
(D)
II, IV and V only
(B)
II, III, and V
(E)
I, II, III, IV and V
(C)
I, II, and III only
257. Which of the following did the Copperheads do?
I Copperheads openly obstructed the war through attacks against the draft, against
Lincoln, and especially, after 1863, against emancipation.
II They denounced the president as the "Illinois Ape" and condemned the "Nigger
War." They commanded considerable political strength in the southern parts of Ohio,
Indiana, and Illinois.
III
Notorious among the Copperheads was a sometime congressman from
Ohio, Clement L. Vallandigham. A Southern partisan, he publicly demanded an end to
the "wicked and cruel" war. Lincoln decided that if Vallandigham liked the Confederates
so much, he ought to be banished to their lines. This was done.
IV
Lincoln's reelection was at first gravely in doubt. The Copperheads,
started a movement to "dump" Lincoln.
V
One of the most crushing defeats suffered by the South was the defeat of
the Northern Democrats in 1864. The removal of Lincoln was the last ghost of a hope for
a Confederate victory.
(A)
(B)
(C)
I, II and III only
II, IV and V only
IV and V only
(D)
(E)
I, II, III and V
I, II, III, IV and V
255. Which of the following is true? (A) Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation of 1863
declared "forever free" the slaves in those Confederate states still in rebellion. (B) The
blacks in the loyal Border States were not affected, nor were those in specific conquered
areas in the South(C) The tone of the document was dull and legalistic: there was no
clarion call for a holy war to achieve freedom. (D) The presidential pen did not formally
strike the shackles from a single slave. (E) Public reactions to the long-awaited
proclamation of 1863 was unanimous in favor of liberation.
Honest old Abe, when the war first began,
Denied abolition was part of his plan;
Honest old Abe has since made a decree,
The war must go on till the slaves are all free.
As both can't be honest, will some one tell how,
If honest Abe then, he is honest Abe now?
256. Which of the following is true?
I
Lincoln expired in the arms of victory, at the very pinnacle of his fame.
From the standpoint of his reputation, his death could not have been better timed.
II
A large number of his countrymen had realized his greatness, and many
others had praised his ability.
III
Hundreds of bedraggled ex-Confederate soldiers cheered, as did some
Southern civilians and Northern Copperheads, when they learned of the assassination. As
time wore on, increasing numbers of Southerners perceived that Lincoln's death was a
calamity for them.
IV
The assassination increased compassion in the North for the South.
V
If the "rail-splitter" had lived, he would have certainly escaped Johnson's
fate of being impeached by the embittered members of his own party who demanded
harsh treatment of the South.
(A)
I and II only
(D)
I, III, and IV
(B)
III and IV only
(E)
I, III, and V
(C)
I and V only
“. . . . the United States has the right, and also the physical power, to penetrate every part of our
national domain, . . .that we will do it in our own time and in our own way; . . . that we will remove and
destroy every obstacle, if need be take every life, every acre of land, every particle of property, every thing
that seems to us proper; that we will not cease till the end is attained; that all who do not aid us are enemies,
and that we will not account to them for our acts. If the people of the South oppose, they do so at their own
peril; and if they stand by, mere onlookers on this domestic tragedy, they have no right to immunity,
protection or share in the final result. . . .”
257. Which of the following wrote the words above? (A) Abraham Lincoln (B) Stephen
A. Douglas (C) William T. Sherman (D) George McClellan (E) Clement Vallandigham.
258. What were black codes during and after Reconstruction? (A) Laws depriving black
Americans of their newly won rights (B) Laws extending segregation of the races (C)
Laws encouraging black Americans to leave the South (D) Laws protecting black
Americans from violence.
259. What is a quota system? (A) A mandate that all jobs and schools should be divided
equally between black and white Americans (B) A way of ensuring that the best people
always get the job (C) A testing system in which applicants are asked to quote from
famous documents (D) A system in which people are selected for some opportunity
partly based on their race, ethnic group, or gender.
260. Poor people were a natural phenomenon, according to the theories of social
Darwinism. Which of the following was not given as a reason for the inability of poor
people to escape poverty? (A) Laziness (B) Lack of virtue (C) Ignorance (D) Lack of
opportunity.
261. The increase in immigration in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries
brought about what reaction from the labor unions? (A) They fought against it. (B) The
unions actively recruited immigrant workers. (C) They predicted increasing membership
in the unions. (D) They discouraged all but their own countrymen.
262. What was congressional reaction to Lincoln's plans for Reconstruction? (A)
Congress demanded trials for the war criminals of the South. (B) Congress thought
Lincoln was letting the South off too easily. (C) Congress refused to release soldiers from
the Union army. (D) Congress wanted the army to move north and take over Canada.
263. What was the plight of the former slaves following the end of Reconstruction? (A)
They were welcomed in the North. (B) They were forced back to slave like conditions.
(C) They were integrated into the general population of the South. (D) They were given
preferential treatment in housing and health care.
264. How did the death of Lincoln affect the implementation of Reconstruction? (A) It
became much harsher. (B) The Union army kept troops in uniform much longer than they
might have done otherwise. (C) Northern leaders feared assassination and eased the terms
of Reconstruction. (D) Southern states were able to resist Reconstruction.
265. How did the Radical Republicans in Congress attempt to take control of the
government? (A) Impeachment of the President (B) Firing the president (C) Limiting
presidential powers (D) Murder charges against the president.
266. What happened to most of the freed slaves at the end of the Civil War? (A) They
moved to the open spaces of the West. (B) They wandered hopelessly throughout the
South. (C) They moved North. (D) They remained on the plantations and worked for their
former masters.
267. How high was the level of corruption in government during the administration of
President Grant? (A) Corruption was limited to city and local governments. (B) The vice
president of the United States accepted bribes. (C) Corruption was found only in state
legislatures. (D) Congressmen accepted gifts and cash to pass certain laws.
268. What group profited most from the Civil War? (A) U.S. senators (B) Northern
industrialists (C) Southern planters (D) Railroad builders.
269. What federal agency was established to aid former slaves? (A) The Homestead
Bureau (B) The Voting Rights Commission (C) The Freedmen's Bureau (D) The Equal
Rights Commission.
270. Which of the following did not occur in the South with the end of slavery? (A)
Federal agencies to help former slaves (B) School integration (C) Industrialization (D)
Higher education for black Americans.
271. How did the U.S. Senate react to the growth of industry following the Civil War?
(A) Senators became the paid henchmen of the industrialists. (B) Senators encouraged
competition. (C) Senators maintained a hands-off policy. (D) The Senate forced controls
on businesses.
272. What was unusual about the presidential election of 1876 between Democrat
Samuel Tilden and Republican Rutherford B. Hayes? (A) Former slaves were barred
from voting in the South. (B) A new election was held. (C) Tilden received the most
popular votes but lost. (D) Southern states withheld their electoral votes.
273. The end of Reconstruction brought about what reaction in the South? (A) Increase
in violence (B) Admission of loss of the war (C) Acceptance of Northerners (D)
Integration.
274. What happened to the Radical Republicans as Reconstruction drew to a close? (A)
They refused to end military rule in the South (B) They continued to be reelected to
Congress. (C) They softened their views towards the South and recaptured southern
votes. (D) They lost control of Congress.
275. How was Reconstruction affected by the fighting between President Johnson and
the Radical Republicans in Congress? (A) It enabled the Radical Republicans to put their
ideas to work. (B) Former slaves sold their votes to the highest bidders. (C) Nothing was
accomplished because neither side would acquiesce. (D) It was delayed.
276. Which of the following was not included by Radical Republicans in their
Congressional Reconstruction plan? (A) Votes for black Americans (B) New
constitutions for southern states (C) Colonization of former slaves (D) Military
occupation of southern states.
277. What did the Radical Republicans in Congress offer the freed slaves? (A)
Government guarantees of political and civil rights and economic benefits (B) Forty acres
and a mule (C) Repatriation to Africa (D) Takeover of state governments.
278. How did President Johnson respond to Congressional Reconstruction bills passed
by the Radical Republicans? (A) He compromised with the Radical Republicans. (B) He
declared them unconstitutional. (C) He vetoed them. (D) He accepted them meekly.
279. What event ended Reconstruction? (A) End of military occupation of the South (B)
Election of President Rutherford B. Hayes (C) Ousting of carpetbagger legislatures in
southern states (D) Impeachment of President Andrew Johnson.
280. What reception did former slaves receive in the North after the Civil War? (A) They
were not allowed to ride trains. (B) They were welcomed as fellow citizens. (C) They
were refused admittance to the North. (D) They were unwelcome.
281. How did the Republican Party's compromise to elect President Hayes affect former
slaves? (A) Former slaves were encouraged to vote in all elections. (B) The Fourteenth
Amendment was not enforced. (C) They were integrated into the general population. (D)
They received special protection from the army.
282. Who were the Radical Republicans? (A) Profiteers who moved south to make
money during the rebuilding of the southern states (B) Confederate sympathizers in the
North (C) Congressmen who wanted to deny former slaves the right to vote (D)
Congressmen who opposed President Johnson's forgiving policies towards the South.
283. What was Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction? (A) Gradual emancipation of slaves
(B) Continuation of the Kansas-Nebraska Act (C) Heavy reparations for war damages (D)
Speedy readmittance of southern states to their former places in the Union.
284. What were President Andrew Johnson's plans for Reconstruction? (A) Johnson
denied U.S. citizenship to Confederate leaders (B) Johnson planned to place the South
under military rule (C) Johnson's plans were the same as Lincoln's (D) Johnson
demanded harsh terms for former Confederate states seeking readmittance to the Union.
285. What was the verdict in President Johnson's impeachment trial? (a) Forced
resignation from office (B) Acquittal (C) Mistrial because of a hung jury (D) Removal
from office.
286. Following his impeachment trial, what was President Johnson's role in government?
(A) He was merely a figurehead (B) He and Congress agreed on new plans for
Reconstruction (C) He built a new political power base (D) He continued to bicker with
Congress.
287. What marked the official end of slavery in the United States? (A) The Fugitive
Slave Law (B) The Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution (C) The Fifteenth
Amendment to the Constitution (D) The Emancipation Proclamation.
288. The capitol of the Southern Confederacy was located at (A) Richmond, Virginia (B)
Atlanta, Georgia (C) Shiloh, Tennessee (D) Charleston, South Carolina (E) Jackson,
Mississippi.
289. The first President of the Confederacy was (a) Robert E. Lee (B) Andrew Johnson
(C) John C. Calhoun (D) William T. Sherman (E) Jefferson Davis.
290. The first state to secede from the Union was (a) Mississippi (B) Maryland (C)
Texas (D) Alabama (E) South Carolina.
291. The Trent Affair pertained to (A) a major battle which was fought on the boundary
line between the states of Maryland and Virginia (B) a traitorous act committed by a
Northerner at Trent, New Jersey, (C) the turning point of the war in the South (D) a
British ship that was stopped on the high seas by the United States Navy which took into
custody two Southern envoy (E) an argument between President Lincoln and his general,
George McClellan.
292. The Monitor and the Merrimac were (A) famous newspapers of the Civil War
period (B) famous battle sites (E) the first ironclads in combat (D) towns in Virginia (E)
two famous English cruisers sold to the South.
293. Which of the following was not an important effect of the Civil War? (A) the
elimination of the States' Rights problems (B) an impoverished South (C) an industrial
thriving Northern economy (D) reestablished the supremacy of the national government
over the states (E) right to secede discredited.
294. The Republican Congress did not go along with Lincoln's reconstruction policy
because (A) they believed Lincoln's plan aided France (B) they wanted to punish the
South (C) they thought Lincoln's plan would give too much control to the Republican
party (D) they thought that Lincoln's plan was too strict (E) they felt Lincoln's plan freed
too many slaves all at once.
295. Manifest Destiny was (A) belief that God would protect the U.S.from losing a war
(B) the belief that God had created the Negro race for slavery (C) the belief that the
Southern States were destined to be independent (D) the belief that God had destined the
U.S.to be the greatest and most powerful nation on earth (E)the belief that the U.S. flag
was destined by God to fly from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
296. Four slave states (border states) did not secede from the Union. Which of the
following was not one of the four? (A) Missouri (B) Kentucky (C) Maryland (D)
Arkansas (E) Delaware.
297. The most serious draft riot during the Civil War occurred in _______________ (A)
Washington, D.C. (B) Cleveland (C) Richmond (D) Chicago (E) New York.
298. The Secretary of State who was instrumental in the purchase of Alaska was (A)
William H. Seward (B) Horatio Seymour (C) Henry Clay (D) Edwin M. Stanton (E)
Lewis Cass.
299. Which of the following was not part of the Union's strategy for winning the Civil
War? (A)to station vessels of war in front of all Southern ports (B) to gain the armed help
of Britain and France (C) to attack and take Richmond (D) to open the lower Mississippi
(E) to break through the Confederate line in the West, march an army to the Atlantic, and
thence northward to Virginia.
300. Which of the following was not nominated for President in the election of 1860?
(A) Abraham Lincoln (B) Stephen A. Douglas (C) John C. Breckenridge (D) John Bell
(E) George B. McClellan.
301. All of the following were advantages that the North had over the South at the
beginning of the Civil War except (A) a larger population (B) larger and more developed
industries (C) better military leaders (D) superior transportation facilities (E) control of
the navy and a large part of the merchant marine.
302. Which of the following was not a Southern military leader of the Civil War? (A)
Pierre Beauregard (B) George B. McClellan (C) Robert E.Lee (D) General Stonewall
Jackson (E) J.E. Johnston.
303. William Seward's chief motivation in his desire to purchase Alaska was (A) fear
that Alaska would develop into a Russian military base (B) documented reports of
Alaska's mineral wealth (C) rumors of Britain's negotiation for the purchase of this
territory (D) repayment of Russia for its support of the North during the Civil War (E) a
vision of our "manifest destiny" ultimately including all the territory in the north.
Braithwaite
14. Which of the following does not apply to the Confederacy? (A) produced only a
few staple crops (B) had 22,000 miles of railroads (C) was forced to retreat at the Battle
of Gettysburg (D) site of the Andersonville prison camp.
15. Which of the following does not apply to the Union? (A) appealed to Britain and
France for aid and recognition (B) apologized to Britain over the Trent Affair (C)
experienced rioting over its draft (D) developed the ironclad Moniter (E) was heavily
industrialized.
16. The development of the modern rifle changed military tactics by giving the
advantage to troops (A) attacking in solid frontal ranks (B) defending in protected, wellsupplied positions (C) on horseback (D) who had no training in military affairs (E) by
abandoning the concept of guerrilla warfare.
17. At the battle of Bull of Run (Manassas Junction) (A) was won by the North (B)
caused a decline in southern morale (C) increased cockiness of the Southern males (D)
involved two well-organized and well-trained armies (E) scared Northerners that the war
would be fought on their territory.
18. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the Civil War? (A) It was the
most destructive war on the face of the earth (B) It was assumed that the war would be
short and quick (C) The chances of wounded soldiers surviving were remarkably good
(D) Soldiers in the war did not romanticize and glorify the fighting (E) Rifles introduced
a higher casualty rate than ever before.
19. Because of the demands of the war, the rural South (A) became even more rural
than before the war (B) became increasingly urbanized during and after the war (C)
became a more intensely producer of agricultural products (D) over-produced
consumable goods thereby going bankrupt (E) traded heavily with Latin American
countries.
20. Southern women during the war.. (contrary to the romanticized image in Gone With
The Wind) (A) failed to break free of pre-war social and economic attitudes (B) ran farms
and plantations while the men were away (C) lost confidence in their own abilities as
human beings (D) were refused jobs in the Southern Confederate bureaucracy (E) were
sexually assaulted by northern army troops.
21. The most dramatic economic difference in the two warring sides during the war was
(A) Southern industry grew while Northern commerce decline rapidly (B) Northern
civilians suffered more than southern ones (C) northern agriculture declined and southern
agriculture leaped forward (D) Blacks became poor in the North and showed signs of
prosperity in the South (E) the South became poorer while Northern industry increased in
all areas.
22. In the North, the Civil War caused... (A) mechanization of agriculture to slow down
(B) farmers mechanized faster than before (C) considerable hunger in the cities as
agricultural production dropped off and food became scarce (D) women to suffer greater
hardships than southern women (E) urban race riots to flare up.
23. One fundamental political fact of truth that was discovered by both Lincoln and
Davis was: (A) war requires active leadership (B) congress works best without
presidential leadership (C) decentralization of power is most efficient (D) that the
President of any country in war is bound by the constitutional restrictions that apply in
peacetime (E) they both had political security and confidence of their constituents.
24. In the North during the Civil War conflict (A) cotton mills grew in great numbers
(B) railroad construction expanded (C) government spending declined (D) there was not
migration west as before the war (E) heavy industry grew dramatically.
25. Lincoln's original plan for emancipation was (A) to free all the slaves the minute the
war started (B) to keep slavery in all areas except the West (C) to abolish slave on the
national level but not at the state level (D) ignore the issue of slavery altogether (E) to
emancipate slaves gradually, with compensation.
26. Before Lincoln could issue the Emancipation Proclamation he needed to (A)
overwhelmingly vote through Congress (B) a southern victory to show how desperate the
situation was (C) a northern victory to show that he was not acting desperately (D) the
support of Frederick Douglass (E) needed support from northern generals.
27. Jefferson Davis (A) was a masterful war leader (B) communicated better with
common people than with of the planter class (C) was warm, amiable, and courageous
(D) he did not have the personality of great war leader (E) he was a master military
tactician the like of a Douglas MacArthur.
28. Abraham Lincoln (A) lacked political flexibility (B) never objected to criticism (C)
could talk easily to common people of the North (D) suffered, but never made his
suffering public (E) was a cold-blooded Machiavellian.
29. Slavery in the United States was ended by (A) Lincoln-Douglas Debates (B) the
Emancipation Proclamation (C) an act of Congress in 1870 (D) Presidential executive
order in 1861 (E) ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution.
30. In order to win their independence, Southerners would have had to (A) capture
Washington D.C. (B) prevent subjugation by the North (C) invade and occupy large parts
of the North (D) free their slaves (E) seek military help from the British.
31. The pioneer photographer who risked his life to take battlefield pictures was (A)
Matthew Brady (B) John C. Fremont (C) Irvin McDowell (D) Thomas Jackson (E)
Thomas Edison.
32. The incident in which a Union warship stopped a British steamer and removed two
Confederate diplomats became known as the: (A) Slidell Affair (B) Merrimac Affair (C)
Seward Affair (D) Trent Affair (E) Dryfeuss Affair.
33. The military victory by General Grant to control the Mississippi River was (A) Port
Hudson (B) Port Huron (C) New Orleans (D) Vicksburg (E) Fort Henry.
34. What is most likely the reason that the states of the upper South waited until April
1861 to secede? (A) They waited until they were convinced that the Confederacy enjoyed
military superiority (B) They waited until Lincoln showed that he would use force against
the seceded states (C) They waited until they were sure the other slave-holding states had
seceded (D) They waited until Lincoln had broken the law (E) They waited untied
England declined to send troops to America to help the North.
35. Why did most people in the North think that the rebellion of the South would be
quickly crushed? (A) The North's greater economic resources and population (B)
Northerners knew President Abraham Lincoln was great and Ulysses S. Grant was a
genius. (C) They knew the North could blockade the Southern ports (D) They thought
and feared a slave rebellion might breakout (E) They were aware that France was secretly
providing arms to the North.
36. Lincoln's suspension of the "Writ of Habeus Corpus" demonstrated he (A) would
use almost any reason to save the Union (B) viewed the Civil War as an opportunity to
vastly increase his powers as President (C) cared little about the rights of secessionists
(D) knew nothing about constitutional law (E) he would act as dictator with decree power
to maintain his control.
37. Hinton R. Helper is most accurately known and described as (A) an abolitionist
who hated the South and slavery (B) a free soiler who rejected slavery and black people
(C) a northern Democrat who supported slavery (D) a southerner who attack slavery on
economic, but not racial grounds (E) a mugwump southern reformer advocating women's
rights.
38. Black soldiers in the Union army (A) served in the military for the first time (B)
usually were in unimportant supportive roles (C) rarely had any direct contact with war
(D) were frequently used in non-combatant roles (E) were never a significant number for
either side.
39. "With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as God
gives us to see the right, let us strive to finish the work we are in: to bind up the nations
wounds...." These words reflect the viewpoint of (A) Charles Sumner (B) Thaddeus
Stevens (C) Andrew Johnson (D) Robert (E) Lee (E) Abraham Lincoln.
40. Reconstruction has been considered by many historians to be more devastating to
the South than the war was... Which of the following aspects became a major asset to
southern reconstruction? (A) Sharecropping (B) Crop Lein System (C) Development of
steel mills in the South (D) Negro exodus to both the North and West (E) Jim Crow laws.
41. The term Black Reconstruction refers and applies to the reconstruction process (A)
leading to the impeachment of Andrew Johnson (B) at the state level where AfricanAmericans played a prominent role in politics (C) as seen by white southerners who
resented radical interference (D) goals of the radicals in Congress (E) education of Blacks
in schools and colleges.
42. Black political participation (A) was almost always with the Democratic Party (B)
was deeply attached to the Mugwumps (C) was almost always associated with the
Republicans (D) was often a third party issue (E) was rare and ineffectual.
43. Historian William A. Dunning, the novelist Thomas Dixon, and the film, Birth of A
Nation were all influential in (A) popularizing the image of the Old South (B) creating
the myth of the New South (C) perpetuating the view the Reconstruction was a mistake
(D) condemning the Ku Klux Klan (E) voices of vengeance for the North.
44. In Reconstruction jargon, a Scalawag was (A) a white southerner who aligned
themselves with the Republican Party (B) former slave who voted Democratic (C)
northern Democrat who voted Republican (D) northern Republican who joined the
Democratic Party during Reconstruction (E) Mexicans who supported Blacks.
45. The term Copperhead (A) was applied to a Northern opponent of the War by
Republicans (B) was a nickname for southern soldiers because of their sun tans (C) was a
new coin issued by the federal government to finance the war (D) referred to government
income tax collectors (E) northerners who supported Blacks.
46. The black codes enacted in the South (A) Instituted sharecropping (B) gave black
citizens civil and political rights (C) were designed to protect Whites from Blacks (D)
were passed at the instigation of Andrew Johnson (E) were designed to keep Blacks an
economically dependent class.
XX. Union general Ulysses S. Grant was intent on capturing Vicksburg, Mississippi,
because (A) Vicksburg was the munitions capitol of the Confederacy (B) whoever
controlled the city could control transportation along the Mississippi River (C) Grant
hoped to use the city as a supply depot for Union troops stationed throughout the South
(D) the city was poorly defended, and the Union desperately needed a victory for morale
purposes (E) Vicksburg was controlled by Indians hostile to the Union.
35. The Reconstruction plan approved by Congress included all of the following
provisions except (A) the imposition of martial law in the South (B) the implementation
of black codes to govern the behavior of freedmen in the South (C) a requirement that
each Southern state ratify the Fourteenth Amendment before being readmitted to the
Union (D) the establishment of a government bureau to help relocate, feed, and employ
newly liberated blacks (E) a mandate that ail Southern states rewrite their constitutions
and submit them to Congress for approval.
5. Following the Civil War, most freed slaves (A) stayed in the South and worked as
sharecroppers (B) joined the pioneering movement as it headed West (C) moved to the
North and learned professions (D) took work building the nation's growing railroad
system (E) moved to Liberia with the aid of the American Colonial Society.
24. Congress brought impeachment proceedings against Andrew Johnson primarily
because (A) Johnson sought to block the punitive aspects of Congressional
Reconstruction (B) Johnson's Republican policies had fallen out of favor with the
Democratic majority (C) the Johnson administration was riddled with corruption (D)
Johnson's pro-North bias was delaying the readmission of southern states to the Union
(E) many Congressmen personally disliked Johnson, although they agreed with his
policies.
35. Which of the following is not a requirement set by the Reconstruction Act of 1867
for Southern states's readmission to the Union? (A) Blacks had to be allowed to
participate in state conventions and state elections. (B) The state had to ratify the
Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution. (C) The state had to pay reparations and
provide land grants to all former slaves. (D) The state had to rewrite its constitution and
ratify it. (E) Congress had to approve the new state constitution.
T ain't so very mean a trade,
when the land is all surveyed.
There's a right smart chance for fur-chase
All along this recent purchase,
And, unless the stories fail,
Every fish from cod to whale;
Rocks, too; mebbe quartz; let's see,T would be strange if there should be,Seems I've heered such stories told:
Eh!-why, bless us,-yes, it's gold!
The poem above, by American local color writer Bret Harte in 1869, concerns (A)
Colorado (B) California (C) Alaska (D) Guam (E) Hawaii.
1. The earliest successful blockade of the South by the Union navy during the Civil
War was off the coast of (A) Virginia (B) Georgia (C) the Carolinas (D) Florida (E)
Louisiana
2. During the Civil War, one aspect of the Southern economy was that (A).
industrialization decreased markedly (B) the Confederate government implemented a
laissez faire policy toward business (C) poverty affected only black families (D) inflation
was not significant (E) many women became heads of households.
3. During the Civil War, the United States Congress adopted a policy toward banks
designed to (A) maintain a laissez faire policy (B) support the use of local currencies (C)
establish a national banking system (D) invest federal tax receipts in state banks (E)
establish gold as the single national currency.
4. When President Lincoln first advocated an end to slavery, he recommend all of the
following except (A) Congressional aid to states which emancipated slaves (B) gradual
emancipation (C) compensation for slave owners (D) United States citizenship for the
freed slaves (E) colonization of freed slaves outside the United States.
5. In the Emancipation Proclamation, President Lincoln announced that as of January
1, 1863, he would free slaves in (A) states in rebellion against the United States (B)
border states between the North and South (C) the District of Columbia (D) Confederate
counties under Union military control (E) slave-holding states within the Union.
6. At the Hampton Roads Conference of February 1865, President Lincoln (A) offered
generous terms to the South for a post-war settlement (B) threatened to punish the South
if it continued to resist (C) met secretly with Confederate President Davis (D) freed
slaves within the states of the Confederacy (E) negotiated with the British over the Laird
rams.
I7. The two critical battles of July 1863 which signaled defeat for the Confederacy
were (A) Vicksburg and Atlanta (B) Shiloh and Antietam (C) Vicksburg and Gettysburg
(D) Petersburg and Gettysburg (E) Chancellorsville and Gettysburg.
8. The central part of President Lincoln's plan for post-war Reconstruction was that
(A) 10% of those who voted in 1860 must take a loyalty oath (B) Confederate leaders
should be punished (C) Confederate states be given the right to decide the status of
slavery (D) all Southerners must swear an oath of loyalty (E) all Confederate states must
accept the 14th Amendment.
9. Radical Republicans opposed President Johnson's approach to Reconstruction for
all of the following reasons except (A) he pardoned many rebel leaders (B) many
Confederate leaders were returned to the U.S. Congress (C) Southern states were slow to
repudiate secession (D) black codes were enacted in place of slave codes (E) the
president moved too quickly to guarantee black rights.
10. The Radical branch of the Republican Party was able to influence decisions of
Congress during much of Reconstruction because (A) it constituted a majority in both
houses of Congress (B) President Johnson was a Republican (C) the actions of President
Johnson and the Democrats encouraged Radical Republicans and moderate Republicans
to work together (D) they represented the views of a majority of Americans (E) their
leaders were effective compromisers.
11. President Johnson was impeached by Congress following his attempt to (A) limit
the power of the military governors in the South (B) discipline officials who enforced
Civil Rights laws (C) remove Secretary of War Stanton (D) undermine the 15th
Amendment (E) eliminate the Freedman's Bureau.
12. During Reconstruction in the South, the political impact of what conservatives
called "Negro rule" was that African-Americans (A) participated in politics but they did
not dominate events (B) constituted a majority of most state legislatures in the South (C)
were elected governors in several southern states (D) dominated the Congressional
delegation of the South (E) were elected to public office in numbers proportionate to their
population.
13. Beginning in the late 1860's, the influence of African-American voters and black
officials decreased largely due to (A) disinterest on the part of black voters (B) white
violence against black political activists (C) intervention by the federal government
against black activists (D) official corruption (E) a belief that blacks had achieved their
political goals.
14. The symbolic end to Reconstruction occurred in 1877 when (A) President Grant
formally declared the end of Reconstruction (B) federal troops were withdrawn from the
South (C) a pro-South Democrat became president (D) Congress enacted a sweeping
Civil Rights Act (E) the Centennial Exposition heralded a new century.
15. The four slave states which remained in the Union during the Civil War were (A)
Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee and Arkansas (B) Kentucky, Missouri, Maryland
and Delaware (C) Kansas, Missouri, Arkansas and Maryland (D) Tennessee, Kentucky,
Arkansas and Maryland (E) Maryland, Delaware, New Jersey and Missouri.
16. In the election of 1860, all of the following were candidates for president except
(A) Stephen A. Douglas (B) John C. Breckinridge (C) Abraham Lincoln (D) John Bell
(E) George B. McClellan.
17. In its Declaration of Causes of Secession of December 1860, South Carolina
charged that fourteen states "have deliberately refused for years past to fulfill their
constitutional obligations." The part of the Constitution to which the South Carolina
Declaration referred was the (A) three-fifths clause (B) fugitive slave clause (C) process
for amending the Constitution (D) process for organizing new territories (E) process for
apportioning new representatives to Congress.
19. All of the following occurred in 1876 except the (A) Battle of Little Big Horn (B)
invention of the telephone (C) Centennial Exposition (D) disputed election of Rutherford
B. Hayes (E) completion of the first transcontinental railroad line.
20. The "Crime of 73" refers to the (A) Battle of Little Big Horn (B) establishment of
the Mafia in New Orleans (C) decision by Congress to stop coining silver dollars (D)
Chinese Exclusion Act (E) end of Reconstruction.
22. The Sioux leaders at the Battle of Little Big Horn included Sitting Bull and (A)
Chief Joseph (B) Crazy Horse (C) Tecumseh (D) Geronimo (E) The Prophet.
23. The first mass political movement of American women was the (A) Liberty Party
(B) National American Woman's Suffrage Association (C) Woman's Christian
Temperance Union (D) League of Women Voters (E) National Woman's Party.
24. Which of the following accurately describes the Chinese population in the United
States in 1860? (A) there were almost twenty times as many Chinese men compared to
the number of Chinese women (B) the Chinese migrated to the United States in families
(C) most Chinese migrants came from Asian cities (D) Chinese labor was not utilized in
the gold fields (E) most Chinese owned their own businesses.
25. As Secretary of State for President Lincoln, William H. Seward pursued a foreign
policy that promoted (A) the purchase of Alaska only (B) a worldwide American empire
(C) an empire in the Western Hemisphere only (D) war as a means of diplomacy (E) a
new steel-hulled navy.
31. Which of the following statements is true about the Union Army and the draft? (A)
More than half the men serving were drafted (B) Men could buy their way out of serving
or hire a substitute (C) The minimum draft age was seventeen (D) There was widespread
public support for the draft (E) There was no draft.
17. Which Southern politican is most associated with the theory of nullification? (A)
Daniel Webster (B) Thomas Jefferson (C) John C. Calhoun (D) Andrew Jackson (E)
Henry Clay.
11. During the Civil War, the South was hopeful in receiving acknowledgement and
support from Great Britain for what reason? (A) The British supported the institution of
slavery (B) The British hoped to regain territory lost in the War of 1812 (C) Like the
South, Britain had a economy based on agriculture (D) The British were sympathetic
towards the Southern cause (E) There was a need for Southern cotton in British factories.
40. The leading Radical Republicans in Congress included.
I.
Charles Sumner
II.
William H. Seward
III.
Edwin Stanton
IV.
Thaddeus Stevens
(A)
(B)
(C)
I only (D)
II and III only
II only (E)
I, III and IV only
I and IV only
23. An early function of the Freedman's Bureau was (A) the prosecution of abusive
plantation owners (B) establising education for free blacks in the North (C) registering
former slaves to vote (D) encouraging fair treatment of blacks (E) the protection of
economic rights of former slaves.
27. Reconstruction legislation enacted by Congress included all of the following except
the (A) Tenure of Office Act (B) Civil Rights Act of 1866 (C) First Reconstruction Act
(D) Reconstruction Act of 1868 (E) Black Codes.
1. Northern advantages in the Civil War included all of the following except (A) a
superior navy (B) a political party system that could marshal support for the war (C) a
superior railroad network (D) general agreement over war aims (E) greater capacity to
produce military equipment.
2. All of the following were part of the initial Union strategy to win the Civil War
except (A) a naval blockade of southern ports (B) control of the Mississippi River (C) the
capture of Richmond (D) keeping the border states in the Union (E) emancipation of
slaves in the seceded states.
3. The Confederate government was able to achieve which of the following goals? (A)
recognition by a foreign power (B) frequent victories over Union armies (C) a stable
monetary system (D) a strong central government (E) control of the southern river
system.
4. President Lincoln was reluctant to emancipate the slaves in the first year of the
Civil War because (A) he feared that freeing the slaves would bring England and France
into the war (B) Congress was opposed to emancipation (C) he knew that a proclamation
about slavery would only further alienate the South (D) he feared that emancipation
would drive the border states out of the Union (E) he had always been opposed to the
abolitionists in his party.
5. Which of the following best describes an immediate effect of the Emancipation
Proclamation? (A) Slaves in the border states became free. (B) Slaves in the Deep South
became free. (C) The abolition of slavery in Confederate territory became one of the
North's war goals. (D) Lincoln's reelection was assured. (E) Draft riots erupted in New
York City.
6. Lee's major reason for invading northern territory in 1863 was to (A) win foreign
recognition for the Confederacy (B) obtain military supplies (C) seek revenge for
northern attacks in Virginia (D) break the Union blockade (E) destroy the North's
industrial capacity.
7. The economic impact of the Civil War included all of the following except (A) an
increasing number of women in the labor force (B) widespread destruction of property in
the South (C) creation of a national banking system in the North (D) reduced rate of
industrial production in the North (E) runaway inflation in the South.
8. Which of the following accurately describes northern politics during the Civil War?
(A) Democrats challenged Republicans for control of national and state offices. (B)
Republicans were united behind Lincoln's leadership. (C) The suspension of habeas
corpus discouraged many Democrats from voting. (D) Lincoln had no trouble winning
reelection in 1864. (E) Copperhead candidates campaigned for equal rights for women.
9. All of the following were factors in the defeat of the South in 1865 except (A)
shortages caused by the Union's naval blockade (B) slave uprisings against southern
plantations (C) Grant's war of attrition in Virginia (D) Sherman's march through Georgia
(E) the Confederacy's failure to obtain foreign intervention.
10. One of the long-term political consequences of northern victory was (A) final defeat
of the southern concept of the Constitution as a compact of states (B) dominance of the
Republican party in the South (C) continuing sectional conflict over file issue of slavery
(D) a balance of power in Congress between the North and the South (E) suspension of
the writ of habeas corpus.
1. The purpose of Lincoln's and Johnson' 5 plan for Reconstruction was to (A) punish
the South for causing the Civil War (B) give Congress the final authority in the process of
Reconstruction (C) give equal voting rights for both white and black males in the South
(D) provide financial aid to rebuild the South (E) encourage rapid readmission of exConfederate states into the Union.
2. In 1865, a number of southern States passed Black Codes in order to (A) control
movement and provide a stable workforce for the plantations (B) keep the two races
segregated in public places (C) limit the educational opportunities of recently freed slaves
(D) embarrass President Johnson's administration (E) convince the North that the South
could handle its own problems.
3. The Freedmen's Bureau provided all of the following except (A) food, shelter, and
medical aid for the victims of the war (B) resettlement of some freed slaves on
confiscated lands (C) protection from sharecropping agreements (D) schools to promote
literacy among blacks (E) colleges for blacks.
4. Which of the following was NOT provided for African Americans by congressional
Reconstruction? (A) guarantee of U.S. citizenship (B) equal protection of the laws (C)
distribution of confiscated Confederate farmlands (D) protection for voting rights (E)
equal access to public accommodations.
5. President Andrew Johnson was impeached for (A) vetoing the Civil Rights Act of
1866 (B) refusing to support the Thirteenth Amendment (C) taking a controversial
position on states' rights (D) removing a Radical Republican from his cabinet (E)
attempting to break up the Republican party.
6. An analysis of the election of 1868 best supports the conclusion that (A) the
Republicans had given up on gaining the black vote (B) the weakened Democratic party
had little chance to elect a president (C) northerners overwhelmingly approved the
policies of the Radical Republicans (D) voters approved the impeachment of Andrew
Johnson (E) Republican victory depended on the votes of African Americans.
7. The Republican Reconstruction governments in the South accomplished all of the
following except (A) developing state-supported public school systems for whites and
blacks (B) reducing waste and corruption in local and state governments (C) founding
state institutions to care for the sick and handicapped (D) building of roads, bridges,
harbors, and railroads (E) adopting liberalized State constitutions.
8. By the end of Reconstruction, most blacks in the South (A) had migrated to lands in
the West (B) owned small family farms (C) earned wages as factory workers in the new
industries (D) worked on farms as renters and sharecroppers (E) operated independent
businesses in the black community.
9. The "redeemers" in the South supported (A) integrated schools and public places
(B) states' rights and white supremacy (C) increased state spending for internal
improvements (D) continued cooperation with the military to protect the freedmen (E)
redemption of Greenback dollars with gold.
10. Congressional Reconstruction ended in 1877 because (A) it was part of a
compromise to resolve the disputed election of 1876 (B) African Americans in the South
no longer needed federal protection of their civil rights (C) the Supreme Court ignored
the requirements of the Fourteenth Amendment (D) the newly elected president was a
moderate Republican (E) the Union army had succeeded in suppressing the Ku Klux
Klan.
1. Confederate warships, such as the CSS Alabama, built in British shipyards:
(A) dealt a devastating blow to Union merchant shipping
(B) effectively broke the Union blockade of southern ports
(C) overwhelmed a Union fleet in the Battle of the Chesapeake
(D) brought the Union to the edge of war with both Britain and France
(E) severely crippled the Union war effort
5. The direct impact of the Civil War upon the U.S. economy included all of the
following EXCEPT?
(A) emergence of the trust as a business organization
(B) disruption of cotton exports to Britain
(C) runaway inflation in the South
(D) creation of a more uniform national banking system
(E) initiation of construction of a transcontinental railroad
79. Which of the following accurately describes the Trent Affair?
(A) using a captured Union naval vessel, the Merrimack, Confederate engineers
constructed an ironclad warship capable to attacking and destroying the most powerful
Union vessels without hazard to itself
(B) the Trent, a illegal Spanish slave ship operating off the coast of Cuba, was seized by
its cargo of slaves in 1809 and sailed to Charleston where pro-slave courts declared
international anti-slave codes illegal and return the slaves into Spanish hands
(C) in 1839 southern pro-slave hotheads used the Trent to mount an ill-fated attempt to
invade and conquer Cuba as new slave territory ending in the death of a number sons of
prominent southern families
(D) a Union warship removed Confederate ambassadors from a neutral British merchant
ship sparking a serious incident between the Union and Great Britain
(E) none of the above
12. Black Codes were intended to:
(A) promote the return of former slaves to Africa
(B) close public schools and other facilities to Blacks
(C) punish radical southern groups like the Ku Klux Klan
(D) enable Blacks to vote in federal elections
(E) place limits upon the liberties of newly freed slaves
20. Why did Congressional Reconstruction end in 1877?
(A) United States Supreme Court ordered withdrawal of occupation army
(B) freedmen had been successfully integrated into southern society
(C) federal troops occupying the South were needed to confront the Indians in the West
(D) Democratic/Republican compromise following the contested election of 1876
(E) that was the date specified in the peace treaty ending the Civil War
29. Radical Republicans sought to directly promote the basic civil and political rights of
former slaves in the South by means of all of the following congressional measures
EXCEPT?
(A) Military Reconstruction Act
(B) Tenure of Office Act
(C) Civil Rights Act of 1875
(D) Freedmen's Bureau Act
(E) Fourteenth Amendment
30. Opposed to the Atlanta Compromise, this African American leader proposed that
blacks educate their "talented tenth" and seek full political rights and social equality:
(A) Frederick Douglass
(B) Charles Drew
(C) W.(E)(B) DuBois
(D) Marcus Garvey
(E) Booker T. Washington
31. Clara Barton's activities directing an independent nursing service for the Union
Army during the Civil War led directly to her involvement as a founder of which of the
following charitable or reform organizations?
(A) Good Will Corporation
(B) Salvation Army
(C) American Red Cross
(D) B'nai B'rith
(E) Woman's Charitable Auxiliary of the Masonic Lodge
32. When examining the lives of women reformers of the nineteenth century such as
Susan B. Anthony, Angelina or Sarah Grimke, and Louisa May Alcott, it was not unusual
to find that:
(A) marital divorce was a common factor in the lives all such women as most husbands
refused to accept their wives' activism or the validity of their causes; while the women
refused to abandon their calling
(B) many women in the suffrage movement had also served in other reform causes such
as the temperance movement and especially abolition groups
(C) women reformers tended to come from the more liberal western states which had
permitted female suffrage, especially California, Utah, and Montana
(D) the progressive reform movement of the late nineteenth century refused to embrace
women reformers because progressive leaders like Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow
Wilson feared that taint of radicalism that women like Jane Addams might carry to their
political causes
(E) most suffragists believed that the right for women to vote had to be achieved on a
state by state level if women were to win in this cause because opposition at the state
level was more fragmented and easier to overcome
33. This woman became the superintendent of nurses for the Union Army during the
American Civil War and trained hundreds of young women to tend the wounded. (A)
Harriet Beecher Stowe (B) Francis Willard (C) Mary Lyon (D) Louisa May Alcott (E)
Dorothea Dix.
37. The political tactic known as "waving the bloody shirt" would have most likely
been employed by which of the following political groups?
(A) Progressives
(B) Radical Republicans
(C) Democrats
(D) Populists
(E) Greenback Labor party
70. The U.S. Supreme Court case of ex parte Milligan (1866) establish or reaffirmed
which of the following principles?
(A) the Contract Labor Law passed by Congress during the Civil War did not violate any
constitutional rights of domestic workers or labor union groups
(B) federally imposed Radical Republican control of the captured southern states was a
legitimate use of constitutional authority to suppress the recent rebellion
(C) the Emancipation Proclamation issued by Lincoln in 1863 was a legitimate wartime
policy to hamper the rebellion states of the Confederacy
(D) military conscription, used by the Union during the Civil War, was not a
constitutional violation of citizens' civil rights
(E) the federal government may not use military tribunals to supersede civilian authority
when civilian courts are open and functioning
76. After the Civil War most freedmen found work as:
(A) homestead farmers on western prairies
(B) construction crews on transcontinental railroads
(C) sharecroppers and tenant farmers in the South
(D) domestic servants, cooks, maids, livery men, waiters
(E) independent craftsmen: blacksmiths, wagonwrights, carpenters