AP Bio Test Review 2011
Name_________________________________
It is worth your time to review for this test! You can and will get a 4 or a 5 if you review properly!!!
A few important, helpful, you-definitely-should-check-them-out links:
i) Section-by-Section Comprehensive Review (this is a fantastic resource in addition to your notebook and textbook):
http://library.thinkquest.org/28751/review/index.html
ii) AP Bio Review quizzes for any Biology topic (do as many of these as you can before the exam!):
http://www.huhs.org/departments/science/martin/AP_ReviewGames.htm
iii) The “Dirty Dozen” – a review of all 12 AP Bio labs:
http://www.ekcsk12.org/faculty/jbuckley/aplabreview/index.htm
iv) The Art of Guessing: http://kvhs.nbed.nb.ca/gallant/biology/guessing_strategies.html
v) SparkNotes Practice AP test (free to sign up): http://testprep.sparknotes.com/testcenter/ap/biology/
ON TO THE REVIEW…(You’ll need additional paper to answer)
First, you need access to a computer with internet capabilities. Then, go to this website:
http://library.thinkquest.org/28751/review/index.html
Click the green heading, then click the “next” buttons as you finish reviewing each page within the heading.
Heading #1: BIOCHEMISTRY
I. Chemical Bonds
a.
What are the three subatomic particles and their significance?
b.
Complete the chart of chemical bonds:
Bond type
How they form
Relative strength
II. Water
a.
How is hydrogen bonding important to the properties of water?
b.
List and describe the four unique properties of water that are important for life on Earth.
III. Functional Groups
a.
Complete the chart below
Functional group name and
structure
Organic molecules with the functional group and important things about
this group
Example:
Hydroxyl, R—OH
Alcohols, such as ethanol, methanol; helps dissolve molecules such as sugars
AP Bio Test Review 2011
Name_________________________________
IV. Carbohydrates
a. What is the cellular function of carbohydrates?
b. Describe a monosaccharide and give an example.
c. Describe a disaccharide and give an example.
d. Describe a polysaccharide and give an example.
V. Lipids
a. What is the cellular function of lipids? Where are lipids stored in mammals? (Hint: it is a type
of connective tissue!)
b. Explain what a lipid (fat) is composed of.
c. What makes a fat saturated vs. unsaturated?
d. Four common lipids are:
e. Which type of macromolecule is cholesterol and where would you find it in a cell? Which types of
organisms have cholesterol in this part of the cell?
VI. Proteins
a. What is the cellular function of proteins?
b. Explain the structure of an amino acid.
c.
Dehydration synthesis is used in the formation of organic compounds (hydrolysis is used in the
digestion of them). Explain how a peptide bond is formed.
d. Describe (and perhaps sketch) the four levels of protein structure.
VII. Enzymes
a. Enzymes are known as _____________________, which means they can speed up reactions that
would already take place. How do they do this? How can cofactors and coenzymes help
(Remember: Coenzyme Q in the E.T.C.)?
b. Describe the induced fit (“lock and key”) model of enzymes.
c. Coenzymes are ___________________________ and are used for:
Cofactors are ____________________________ and are used for:
d. What are the ways that rate of enzymatic reaction can by inhibited or enhanced? (Remember
our Enzyme Catalysis lab when you added the “shot” of sulfuric acid and when I showed you the
effects of boiled catalase vs. unboiled catalase and how it reacted with hydrogen peroxide!)
How do enzyme rates compare in an endothermic animal or exothermic animal? How is
enzyme activity regulated?
Describe the cell cycle. What factors control the rate of the cell cycle? Signal transduction and
cell cycle control?
Here is a fantastic review game for Cell Cycle and Checkpoints:
http://nobelprize.org/educational_games/medicine/2001/index.html
AP Bio Test Review 2011
Name_________________________________
Heading #2: CELLS
I. Cell Theory
a. State the three components that make up the cell theory.
b. How does surface area and volume affect a cell’s ability to grow?
II. Animal Cell Structure
a. Describe why a cell membrane is called a fluid mosaic. Include brief descriptions of all the proteins
found in the membrane. How are cell membranes modified to suit their function? Channels, pumps,
markers, and receptors? How does the phospholipid bilayer work?
b. Three types of cell junctions exist to act as connectors between cells. Give analogies for these
junction types.
Gap junctions are like…
because…
Tight junctions are like…
because…
Desmosomes are like…
because…
c. Do you know your cell organelles and their functions yet? Be sure you can give functions and
recognize the shapes of the organelles in both plant and animal cells. Find the organelle that best
matches each description below:
The highway of the cell: ____________________________________________________
The control center: ____________________________________________________
The trash collector: ____________________________________________________
The power house: ____________________________________________________
The scaffolding: ____________________________________________________
The detox center: ____________________________________________________
The post office: ____________________________________________________
The dividers: ____________________________________________________
The “meat makers”: ____________________________________________________
Lets messengers through, but not the vital info: ___________________________________
The reservoir: ____________________________________________________
The sponge: ____________________________________________________
The jelly: ____________________________________________________
III. Plant Cell Structure
a. What are five things that are unique to plant cells?
IV. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
a. The only organelles found in a prokaryotic cell are:
b. Prokaryotic cell walls are made of _________________________________ while eukaryotic cell
walls, such as those in plant cells, are made of ____________________________________.
V. Cell Transport
a. Why must a cell maintain homeostasis? What is water potential, turgor pressure and plasmolysis?
Review your diffusion/osmosis lab for this! (The one where you placed baggies into sucrose
solutions.)
b. The three kinds of passive transport are (include a picture or brief description):
c. Active transport requires __________________________________ because it moves substances from
___________________ concentration to _____________________ concentration. The two examples on
the website are:
I know you can think of a third example! How does a neuron create an electrochemical gradient? Think and
describe!
AP Bio Test Review 2011
Name_________________________________
Cheat Sheet to review what types of organelles are found in the cells of different organisms: