What caused the Age of Exploration?
1.
__________________ = spirit of discovery
2.
__________________________________

People want to find a faster way to India to get trade goods
3.
__________________________________
 Three G’s: Gold, God, & Glory
Routes to India

Sail east around Africa

__________________________________________________
New Technology
 Explorers needed to calculate their location with a…
1.
_____________________
2.
_____________________

Developed by Muslim Empires

Explorers needed a ship that can hold _________________ and withstand
____________________________
3.
_______________- was a light, fast sailing ship

Steered with rudder

Triangular Sails

Equipped with cannons
Portuguese Explorers
 Portugal’s Kings were patrons of the explorers…
______________________________- ultimate goal was to find a water route around Africa to
India.

__________________________
1.
_________________________________

First European to attempt to sail around the southern tip of Africa “Cape of Good Hope”
2.
_________________________________
 First to make it to Calicut, India and back to Portugal!
3.
_________________________________

Second trip to India!
 Sailed to ____________________ and Indonesia! o _______________________________________
Spanish Explorers

King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella helped finance certain voyages!

______________________
1.
______________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
_____________________. o Sails to Caribbean Islands o Finds “Indians” and he believes he found new route to India!

_______________________________________
 First to realize that Columbus found a “___________________”, Americas named after him.
2.
_________________________________________

Tried to find passage at _______________________________
 Spanish realize there’s another ocean to cross to get to India.

______________________________________________________________ o Panama Canal today!!!
3.
______________________________________

Sails west to sail AROUND WORLD!

_____________________________- sail completely around the world. o Left with 250 men, and returns with only 18 (Minus Magellan, he dies during voyage)
English Explorers

___________________________
1.
__________________, sailed to Canada
2.
_____________________________, sailed to southern tip of South America and stopped over in modern day California.

#2 to circumnavigate the world.
3.
__________________________________

Tried to find _______________________________, but found ice instead. Not the last time we’ll see Hudson.
French Explorers

__________________________
1.
_______________________________________
 Sailed into the St. Lawrence River in Canada “___________________” or Newfoundland o Fur Trade is very profitable.
Dutch Explorers

__________________________
1.
____________________________ (Again, but for different country) ***On Map Above “Henry
Hudson’s Voyages”***

Explored Hudson Bay region, in search of Northwest Passage
Explorers find new ways to make new routes…Nursery Rhyme

____________________________________

____________________________________

____________________________________

____________________________________
Making Contact!

The beginning of conquest and colonies occurs when explorers get off their ships in search of riches and land to claim for country! o _____________________________________ left o _____________________________________ right

REMEMBER o __________________________________________
Conquest and Colonies
The Americas by the 1700’s

The lasting effects of exploration are shown here by this map.


_________________________________________
Spain Builds an Empire

Spain is among the first countries to successfully settle in the Americas. o First areas settled

____________________
 ____________________

____________________
Spain in the Caribbean

Encomienda System o Spanish colonial system in which a colonist was given:

_______________________________

________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________

Native Americans endure: o ____________________________________ o ____________________________________
How to get rid of the Native Population: Germ Warfare

At the time of the Pontiac rebellion in 1763, Sir Jeffrey Amherst, the Commander-in Chief of the British forces in North America, wrote to Colonel Henry Bouquet: 'Could it not be contrived to send smallpox among these disaffected tribes of Indians? We must use every stratagem (trick) in our power to reduce them.'

The colonel replied: 'I will try to inoculate the [Native American tribe] with some blankets that may fall in their hands, and take care not to get the disease myself.'
Why were the Native Americans so vulnerable to European disease?

No domesticated animals in Americas, this is the origin of most diseases among humans.
 ________________________________________ o Small gene pool (less immune variety)

________________________________________ o Didn’t isolate the sick
Conquest of Mexico
 Cortes’ supplies: o ____________________ o ____________________ o ____________________

Ratio 1 : 10,000 o ____________________
 Cortes’ secret weapon o Malinche was a slave woman who spoke several native languages, and was taught to speak
Spanish.

____________________________________________________

Hernan Cortes advantages against Montezuma
1.
__________________________________________________________
2.
__________________________________________________________
3.
Horses (struck fear in Aztecs, never saw an animal like that before)
4.
__________________________________________________________

The Aztec Empire is set up in Mexico (Tenochtitlan) o _______________________,Cortes defeats Montezuma, he is taken prisoner but fight breaks out and he dies.
Conquest of Peru
 Francisco Pizarro’s advantages on Atahualpa.
1.
Incan Empire in Peru was already weaken do to smallpox.


About ten years after the conquest of Mexico.
2.
Atahualpa is a new leader

Atahualpa is taken prisoner o ______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________
Life in the Spanish Empire

With the Aztecs and Inca out of the way, Spain starts empire building. o ______________- Spanish king chose officials who ruled a large area in the king’s name.

_____________________ = Spain’s economy is based on silver and gold.

Reasons nations wanted colonies: o _________________________ o _________________________ o _________________________

Native American populations drop by __________%. o Spain needs a new labor force (import Africans)
 Bartolome de Las Casas o Sought to protect Native Americans, but also suggested the use of Africans.

This becomes standard practice.

***_________________________________________________________________________________
______________________. ***
The Portuguese in Brazil

Spain and Portugal have built an empire in the Americas. o ________________________________

Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) o The agreement between Spain and Portugal that created an imaginary north-south line dividing their territory in the Americas.

__________________________

__________________________
FRANCE

France (New France)= Canada o Not as wealthy as Mexico or Peru.

Valuable Resources o __________________________ o __________________________
France differs from Spain
 France doesn’t send massive amounts of colonists over to the Americas.
 France also doesn’t enslave the Native American population.

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________
The Dutch of New Netherland

Bought the island of Manhattan o Built a city called ______________________, but today it’s known as ________________.
 Dutch Colonies in the Caribbean produced sugar.
The English Colonies

First successful colony is _____________! Although there are many previous attempts that are unsuccessful…

Colonists included: ____________________

Conflict later emerges between countries over claimed territory.

o __________________________________
British and French Conflict

Disputed territory in the Ohio River Valley o _________________________________ o _________________________________
 British win the war but at a high financial cost. o __________________________________