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GCSE Scheme of Work
Germany 1919-1945
7.3.4 Germany 1919-1945
This Study in Depth focuses on the causes of the development of
totalitarianism and its impact in Germany in the period 1919 - 1945. The study
requires investigation of developments and conditions in Weimar Germany as
a basis for explaining the rise to power of Hitler and as an evaluation of the
contemporary appeal and impact of National Socialism. It also requires an
understanding of the reactions of individual people and groups to
developments within Germany in the period.
This study does not require detailed coverage of the events of World
War Two but the continuing development of pre-war trends within
Germany should be drawn upon to indicate the nature and impact of
totalitarianism.
People and events
Reasons for the failure of Weimar Germany.
The nature of Weimar democracy.
Revolts, rebellions and opposition to Weimar, 1919 - 1923. The
Munich Putsch, 1923.
Gustav Stresemann and Weimar successes, 1923 - 1929.
Political instability, 1929 - 1933.
The reasons for Hitler's rise to power.
The origins and appeal of National Socialism, 1919 - 1933.
Emergence as a mass party, 1928 - 1930.
The struggle for power, 1930 - 1933.
The creation of the one-party state; the Reichstag Fire, 1933, the
Enabling Law, the Night of the Long Knives, 1934; the removal of
military and political opposition.
The Nazis consolidation of power.
The nature of the totalitarian state; the abolition of press freedom,
individual liberties and trade unions.
The nature of continuing opposition and resistance within the Third
Reich.
The role of post-war economic conditions in bringing Hitler to power.
Post-war economic conditions as a cause of discontent. National and
international economic problems in the 1920s, their impact and contribution to
the rise of National Socialism.
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The German economy under the Nazis.
The development of the economy and employment patterns in
the
1930s. Economic planning; preparation for war.
The response of the German people to economic changes in the
1930s.
Changes to German society under the Nazis.
The interaction of different groups in German society in the 1920s.
Nazism as social revolution, the impact of the regime on different
social classes.
Changes in the attitudes to the role of women in German society
1933 - 1945.
The importance of Nazi ideas on race and religion. Racism in the Nazi
state. The belief in Aryan supremacy and the master race, the treatment of
minority groups in society. The persecution of the Jews.
Reactions in Germany to these developments from different individuals and groups.
Nazi attitudes towards religion and responses to them within Germany.
The success of the Nazis in influencing German youth.
The appeal of Nazism to young people. Its role in National
Socialism. Youth movements in Nazi Germany.
Education in Germany as an instrument of propaganda.
The cultural changes brought about by the Nazis.
The cultural climate of Weimar Germany as represented in the arts
and entertainment 1919 - 1933.
The effects of the Nazi regime on the cultural climate of Germany
1933 - 1945.
The success of Nazi propaganda.
The role of Nazi propaganda in sports, leisure, the media, entertainment and the
arts.
The role and importance of Hitler in the development of the Nazi party
1919 - 1933. The role and responsibility of Hitler in the development and
actions of the totalitarian state 1933 - 1945. The cult of the Fuhrer.
The leadership of the Nazis, including Joseph Goebbels, Herman
Goerring, Heinrich Himmler, Rudolf Hess.
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Teaching Guide
Unit 1: Weimar Germany
Week 1 Lesson 1 (Double)
Key Question:
How did Germany become a republic?
How much of a threat to the republic were the
Spartacists?
Learning Outcomes
Understand what a Republic is and to see how Germany changed in 1919.
Also to understand the Spartacist threat.
Method
Watch Video on WW1 and Versailles. Students make notes as they
watch. Discuss diagram on page 6 of Heineman (H) and answer questions
1+2.
Resources
Heineman Text Book, TV, Video, Video on WW1/ Versailles.
Homework
Complete the questions, work on the biography of Rosa Luxembourg and
resource sheet 1.
Add Spartacist to glossary.
Unit 1: Weimar Germany
Week 1 Lesson 2 (Single)
Key Question:
How was Weimar Germany governed?
Learning Outcomes:
Understand how Weimar was governed and understand the meaning of
the following words: Reichsweher, judiciary, Civil Service and
Coalitions.
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Teaching method
Read through page 7 (Heineman). Discuss the way in which Weimar
Germany was governed. Can the students see any strengths/ weaknesses
in this form of government?
Answer questions on the system of government.
Resources
Heineman page 7.
Homework
Add the words: Reichsweher, judiciary, Civil Service and Coalition to the
glossary provide for them.
Unit: Weimar Germany
Week 2 Lesson 1 (Double)
Key Question:
Who supported Weimar Germany?
Learning Outcomes:
Understand where the support came from and understand the nature of
Germany’s many political parties.
Teaching method
Read the Data on pages 8/9. Complete Chart 1 and draw a bar chart of the
results.
Answer question 3 from the book then move on to resource sheet 3.
Resources
Heineman p8/9.
Resource Sheet 2.
Homework
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Complete resource sheet 2 at home and do work on the map of Germany
using page 10 of the text book.
Unit: Weimar Germany
Week 2 Lesson 2 (Single)
Key Question:
How did the Allies treat Germany in 1919?
Learning Outcomes
Understand the terms of the Treaty of Versailles and recognise the
reasons for it being resented in Germany.
Teaching method
Group work. Split the class into groups. One group to represent: Britain,
USA, France and Germany. Give each group a pack containing brief
details of how they were affected in the war and what they believed the
result of the armistice was (i.e. victory from the Allies point of view and
cease fire from the German point of view). Provide each group with a
brief as to what they are expected to get for their country from the peace
talks. Give the students 15 minutes to discuss these aims.
Present the aims of each group to the class. Are they compatible? (They
shouldn’t be)
Ask the class to then debate which of the groups is going to lose out.
(Should be the group that represents Germany). Which country would
that have been and why are they going to lose out?
How would the people living in that country have felt after the peace
talks and why would they have felt this way?
Resources
Materials for the groups to use.
Homework
What was the German reaction to the Treaty of Versailles and why did
they feel this way?
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Unit: Weimar Germany
Week 3 Lesson 1 (Double)
Key Question:
How was Germany affected by the crises of the
1920’s?
Learning Outcomes
Understand what hyperinflation is and its consequences and understand
the reasons for the Munich and Kapp Putsch.
Teaching method
Read through pages 11-13.
Discuss what hyperinflation is. Add this to the students glossary.
Write a paragraph to explain what happened in each Putsch.
Draw a graph to illustrate the evidence in Source F.
Explain why each of these (things mentioned in Source F) was a problem
for Germany.
Resources
Heineman pages 11-13.
Homework
Create a biography of Gustav Streseman using the information on page
15 of the text book.
Unit: Weimar Germany
Week3 Lesson 2 (Single)
Key Question:
How important was Gustav Streseman in the recovery
of Weimar Germany?
Learning Outcomes
Understand Streseman’s role and the increased help of the International
Community with the League of nations, Locarno and the Dawes plan.
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Teaching method
Read pages 14-15. Using foundation resource sheet 3 Copy and complete
the chart.
Resources
Heineman pages 14-15. Foundation Resource Sheet 3.
Homework
Add Dawes Plan, Locarno and League of nations to glossary.
Unit: Weimar Germany
Week 4 Lesson 1 (Double)
Key Question:
Why did crisis return to Germany between 1929 and
1933?
Learning Outcomes
Understand why crisis hit Germany in 1929 and recognise the rise in
unemployment.
Teaching method
Read pages 18-20. Write a paragraph explaining the impact that
Economic Crisis, political Crisis and dictatorship had on Germany.
Draw a graph demonstrating the levels of unemployment in Germany at
this time.
Answer question 3 (page 20).
Resources
Heineman pages 18-20
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Homework
Add to the glossary: economic crisis, political crisis and dictatorship.
Provide one example of each from the period.
Complete revision chart.
Unit: Weimar Germany
Week 4 Lesson 2
Key Question:
What were the Ups and Downs of Weimar Germany?
Learning Outcomes
Understand and sequence events of Weimar Germany.
Teaching method
Students to put the events from the OHT into the correct order and match
the dates of the events to them. For more able students ask them to name
a person of significance to the event.
Answer question 3 from the text book when this is completed.
Resources
OHP
Transparency with dates/ events/ personalities on it.
Heineman
Homework: History Quiz sheet 1
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Unit: Hitler’s rise to Power.
Week 5 Lesson 1 (Double)
Key Question:
How does Hitler gain power?
Learning Outcomes
Understand the reasons for Hitler gaining power and the methods used.
Teaching method
Watch ‘Road to power’ and take notes whilst watching it.
Answer questions using the notes made and the text book:
1) What was the original name of the Nazi party?
2) When did Hitler join it?
3) What was Hitler’s main talent?
4) What does the word nazi mean?
5) Describe Hitler’s qualities as a public speaker.
6) What was the SA?
7) Why did men join the SA?
8) What was the job of the SA?
9) Describe the events that occurred in Munich in 1923.
10)
Explain the reasons for Hitler’s putsch.
Resources
VCR
‘Road to Power’ Video (Volume 5 Hitler’s Third Reich Series) DM
COPY
Heineman
Homework
Add Nazi, SA and Putsch to glossary.
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Unit: Hitler’s rise to Power.
Week 5 Lesson 2
Key Question:
What were the aims of the 1923 Putsch in Munich?
Learning Outcomes
Understand Hitler’s aims in 923 and the results of the Putsch.
Teaching method
Read page 26 and answer questions 2-5.
Resources
Heineman
Homework
History Quiz sheet 2
Unit: Hitler’s rise to Power.
Week 6 Lesson 1 (Double)
Key Question:
What were Hitler’s beliefs and ideas?
Learning Outcomes
Understand Hitler’s views on Anti-Semitism, Aryans etc.
Teaching method
Demonstrate selectivity of Anti-Semitism by withdrawing all students
with blonde hair (or viable alternative).
Read source C (page 28) and discuss.
Add Anti-Semitic, Aryan and Social Darwinism to the glossary.
Resources
Heineman page 28.
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Homework
History Quiz sheet 3
Unit: Hitler’s rise to Power.
Week 6 Lesson 2
Key Question
Learning Outcomes
Understand threats to his leadership and his ability to change plan.
Teaching method
Read p30-31 Answer Q's and draw graph of Seats won. See SOW sheet
for method.
Questions
1) After 1923 what did Hitler learn about his desire for power?
2) What was a Gauleiter?
3) Which two men posed the biggest threat to Hitler in 1926 and
why?
4) Using the data on pages 30-31 draw and complete this table
Nazi Successful
Nazi Unsuccessful
5) Why did the nazi’s lose seats between 1924 and 1928?
Resources
Heineman
Homework
Add Gauleiter to glossary.
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Unit: Hitler’s rise to Power.
Week 7 Lesson 1 (Double)
Key Question
Learning Outcomes
Understand the appeal of Hitler and see why people voted for him.
Teaching method
Discuss the appeal of Hitler, recap on the problems faced by Germany
and ask how Hitler suggested he might solve them.
Complete the diagrams below.
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Resources
OHP
Transparency with outline of above on it
Heineman
Homework
History Quiz sheet 4
Unit: Hitler’s rise to Power.
Week 7 Lesson 2
Key Question:
Why did Hitler gain power?
Learning Outcomes
Re emphasise the rise to power.
Teaching method
Glue a copy of Summary (38) into books. Read p37 and answer 1-3 page
39.
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Resources
Summary of page 38.
Heineman
Glue
Homework
Revision chart: Hitler’s rise to power (1)
Unit: Hitler’s rise to Power.
Week 8 Lesson 1 (Double)
Key Question:
How did Hitler take complete control?
Learning Outcomes
Understand how he won 1933 election, how he gained the seats he
needed, and what were the consequences of Night of Long Knives.
Teaching method
Draw bar graph seats won by parties-comment on these.
Read Pages 40-1 & describe how Hitler was able to declare the Enabling
Act in 1933.
Read 1)42 +Q's on Night Of The Long Knives.
Watch video Life in Nazi Germany Video.
Resources
VCR
Video ‘Night of the Long Knives.’
Heineman
Homework
Using page 42 create a Biography of Ernst Rohm.
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Unit: Hitler’s rise to Power.
Week 8 Lesson 2
Key Question:
How did Germany succumb to dictatorship?
Learning Outcomes
Understand & show differences between Democracy & Dictatorship and
show how Germany slid to Dictatorship.
Teaching method
Put dates on board and get pupils to complete timeline.
30 January 1933
27 February 1933
5 March 1933
24 March 1933
14 July 1933
30 June 1933
2 August 1933
Work with Students to create a spider diagram of dictatorship/
democracy.
Resources
Dates on OHT
Heineman
Spider Diagram materials.
Homework
Complete the tasks at home.
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Unit: Hitler’s rise to Power.
Week 9 Lesson 1 (Double)
Key Question;
How did the Nazis control the people?
Learning Outcomes
Understand terms propaganda + terror and show how Nazis controlled the
Germans.
Teaching method
Read pages 44-6 and answer Q's in book.
Watch video on Terror.
Resources
Heineman
VCR
Video on terror used by Nazi’s.
Homework
History Quiz sheet 5
Unit: Hitler’s rise to Power.
Week 9 Lesson 2
Key Question:
What is propaganda?
Learning Outcomes
Understand what Propaganda is and how it is used.
Teaching method
Use the text book, the posters on display in the room, video clips and
radio clips to demonstrate what Propaganda is and how it was used in
Nazi Germany.
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Students answer questions:
1) What is propaganda?
2) What forms of propaganda did the Nazi’s use?
3) What effect did the propaganda have on the people?
4) Why was the Propaganda so successful?
Resources
VCR
Video Clips of Hitler at Nuremberg rallies
Posters
Radio Sound clips
Homework
Add propaganda to glossary.
Complete a Biography of Goebbels.
Unit: Hitler’s rise to Power.
Week 10 Lesson 1 (Double)
Key Question: Was there any opposition to Hitler?
Learning Outcomes
Understand opposition to Hitler & how it was treated.
Teaching method
Read pages 48-51 and then complete tasks on worksheet.
Watch video on Opposition to Hitler make notes, then answer Question Ib
+2 on p51.
Resources
VCR
Video on opposition to Hitler
Heineman
Worksheets
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Homework
History Quiz sheet 6
Unit: Life in Hitler’s Germany
Week 10 Lesson 2
Key Question:
What was Nazi view of Racism?
Learning Outcomes
Understand Racism and Nazi views.
Teaching method
Read through pages 52-55 of Heineman. Discuss and answer questions in
text book.
Use source material to supplement this for the more able students.
Provide framework for lower attainers to work within.
Resources
Heineman
Source materials on Nazi race hatred.
Writing frame
Homework
History Quiz sheet 7
Unit: Life in Hitler’s Germany
Week 11 Lesson 1 (Double)
Key Question
How did Hitler change Germany's economy?
Learning Outcomes
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Understand that many Germans gained from Nazism and tackle statistics
in History.
Teaching method
Read pages 60-61 Heineman.
Answer these questions.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
What were Hitler’s ideas about rearming?
What is Blitzkrieg and what happens?
What is Lebensraum?
What was Hitler trying to avoid?
Describe the 4-year plan.
What were the results of these plans?
Answer questions 1+2 from page 61.
Complete a biography of Goerring.
Draw a graph to illustrate sources C+D. Explain what they show.
Resources
Heineman
Homework
Complete tasks at home. Put the words, Lebensraum, Blitzkrieg and
rearmament into glossary.
Unit: Life in Hitler’s Germany
Week 11 Lesson 2
Key Question
Did the people benefit from Nazi policy?
Learning Outcomes
Understand the benefits of life in Nazi Germany.
Teaching method
Read through pages 64-66 Heineman. Discuss and answer questions on
worksheet.
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Resources
Heineman
Worksheet on Prosperity in pre-war nazi Germany.
Homework
Source based tasks on Economic prosperity in Nazi Germany.
Unit: Life in Hitler’s Germany
Week 12 Lesson 1 (Double)
Key Question
What was it like to be young in Nazi Germany?
Learning Outcomes
What was it like to be boys + Girls - and what they did in Germany.
Teaching method
Watch video on Hitler Youth and make notes on it. Discuss why Hitler
wanted this kind of organisation and who might not have been a part of it.
Read through page 70 and answer questions 1-3.
Resources
VCR
Video: Hitler Youth
Heineman
Homework
Worksheet on life in nazi Germany for children.
Add Hitler Youth to Glossary
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Unit: Life in Hitler’s Germany
Week 12 Lesson 2
Key Question
What was the role of women in Nazi Germany
Learning Outcomes
Understand women's roles and illustrate knowledge.
Teaching method
Read through pages 71-72 Heineman. Discuss and answer questions from
worksheet.
Resources
Heineman
Worksheets
Homework
Complete revision chart on life in Hitler’s Germany
Unit: Life in Hitler’s Germany
Week 13 Lesson 1 (Double)
Key Question
How were minorities treated in NG?
Learning Outcomes
Understand that not only Jews were persecuted and see results.
Teaching method
IF POSSIBLE: Use Internet to research the ways in which nazi Germany
treated minorities.
If not: watch video on the persecution of the Jews. Make notes then read
through pages 73-75 Heineman and answer the questions.
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Resources
Internet facility
Worksheets for use with Internet
OR
VCR
Tape on nazi Persecution of Jews
Heineman
Homework
Complete tasks on sheet.
Add Persecution, Kristallnacht and master-race to glossary.
Unit: Life in Hitler’s Germany
Week 13 Lesson 2
Key Question
How did Nazis portray Hitler
Learning Outcomes
Understand what picture Hitler painted of himself.
Teaching method
Use pictures and elements of propaganda to demonstrate how Hitler was
portrayed to the people of Germany.
Read pages 76-77 Heineman and answer questions:
1)
2)
3)
4)
Who were the three great figures from German History?
What was Hitler’s advantage?
How did people react to Hitler?
What did Hitler promise to do for Germany?
Resources
Pictures of Hitler
Source material relating to Hitler’s image
Heineman
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Homework
Complete revision chart on Hitler’s Germany.
Unit: Life in Hitler’s Germany
Week 14 Lesson 1 (Double)
Key Question
What was the Nazi experience of war?
Learning Outcomes
Understand what the Impact of World War2 was on Germany.
Teaching method
Watch the video ‘The Second World War in colour part two’.
Ask students to make notes on the way in which Nazi Germany reacted to
the change in their fortunes at war.
Read through pages 80-82 Heineman and answer questions 1-3 in detail.
Resources
VCR
Video: The Second World War in Colour.
Heineman
Homework
History Quiz sheet 8
Unit: Life in Hitler’s Germany
Week 14 Lesson 2
Key Question:
What was the Holocaust?
Learning Outcomes
Understand what the Holocaust was and question why it happened.
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Teaching method
Read through pages 83-85 of Heineman. Answer questions on worksheet.
Resources
Heineman
Worksheet on the Holocaust
Homework
Source based activity on the Final Solution.
Unit: Life in Hitler’s Germany
Week 15 Lesson 1 (Double)
Learning Outcomes
Understand what the Holocaust was and question why it happened.
Teaching method
Watch Schindler’s list.
Ask students to make notes as they watch the film and to think about the
reliability of such evidence.
Resources
VCR
Video: Schindler’s List
Homework
Activities based on Schindler’s list.
Unit: Life in Hitler’s Germany
Week 15 Lesson 2
Learning Outcomes
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Understand what the Holocaust was and question why it happened.
Teaching method
Visit the Simon Weisenthal trusts web site and look at the source material
on the Holocaust. Look at the evidence from the Nuremberg trials.
Students answer a series of questions based on the web site.
Resources
Internet Access.
Activity sheet.
Homework
Revision chart on Holocaust.