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Name:
Synonyms:
Source
Structure, formula or chemical
composition
Relevant solubilities
Other information
Name: Citric acid monohydrate
Synonyms: Acido del Limon; Acidum Citricum Monohydricum; Citrico monohidrato, acido; Hydrous Citric Acid.
Source
Structure, formula or chemical
composition
Micromedix,
martindale
Relevant solubilities
Other information
Very soluble in water;
freely soluble in alcohol.
Soluble 1 in 0.5 of water,
1 in 2 of alcohol, and 1
in 30 of ether.
Efflorescent, colourless
crystals or granules, or a
white crystalline powder.
Store in airtight
containers.
Citric acid is used in
management of dry
mouth, cough, GI
disturbances, metabolic
acidosis.
Relevant solubilities
Other information
Name:
Synonyms:
Source
Structure, formula or chemical
composition
Name: Glycerol
Synonyms: E422; Glicerol; Glycerin; Glycerine; Glycerol; Glycerolum.
Source
Micromedix
Martindale
Structure, formula or chemical
composition
Relevant solubilities
Other information
Miscible with water and
with alcohol; slightly
soluble in acetone;
practically insoluble in
fixed oils and in
essential oils, insoluble
in chloroform, in ether.
Its solutions are neutral
to litmus.
Used as a demulcent in
cough preparations.
Vehicle and solvent,
sweetening agent.
Lubricant and
moisturising for topical
preparation, softening
agent for ear drops.
Name: Alum
Synonyms: Alaun; Allume; Aluin; Alumbre; Alumen; Aluminium Kalium Sulfuricum; Aluminium Potassium
Sulphate; Alun; E522; Potash Alum; Potassium Alum
Source
Structure, formula or chemical
composition
Relevant solubilities
Other information
Micromedex
Martindale
Potassium aluminium sulphate
dodecahydrate.
AlK(SO(4))(2),12H(2)O= 474.4
Colourless, transparent,
crystalline masses or a granular
powder.
Freely soluble in water;
very soluble in boiling
water; practically
insoluble in alcohol;
soluble in glycerol.
A 10% solution in water
has a pH of 3.0 to 3.5.
Alum precipitates
proteins and is a
powerful astringent. It is
often included in
preparations used as
mouthwashes or gargles
and in dermatological
preparations.
Name: Aluminium hydroxide gel
Synonyms: Aluminium Oxidum Hydricum; Aluminum Hydroxide; Hidroxido de aluminio; Wasserhaltiges
Aluminiumoxid.
Source
Structure, formula or chemical
composition
Relevant solubilities
Other information
Micromedex
Martindale
A suspension of amorphous
aluminium hydroxide in which
there is a partial substitution of
carbonate for hydroxide. It is a
white viscous suspension from
which small amounts of clear
liquid may separate on standing.
Dried Aluminum
Hydroxide Gel:
Insoluble in water and in
alcohol; soluble in dilute
mineral acids and in
solutions of fixed alkali
hydroxides.
Aluminium hydroxide is
used as an antacid. Binds
phosphate in the GIT to
form insoluble
complexes and reduces
phosphate absorption.
It has a pH of between
5.5 and 8.0. Store in
airtight containers.
Avoid freezing.
Name: Aminophylline
Synonyms: Aminofilina; Aminofylliini; Aminofyllin; Aminophyllinum; Euphyllinum; Metaphyllin;
Theophyllaminum; Theophylline and Ethylenediamine; Theophylline Ethylenediamine Compound; Theophyllinum
et Ethylenediaminum.
Source
Structure, formula or chemical
composition
Relevant solubilities
Other information
Micromedex
Martindale
A mixture of theophylline and
ethylenediamine (2:1),
(C(7)H(8)N(4)O(2))(2),
C(2)H(4)(NH(2))(2) = 420.4
It contains 84.0 to 87.4% of
anhydrous theophylline and 13.5
to 15.0% of anhydrous
ethylenediamine. A white or
slightly yellowish powder,
sometimes granular.
Freely soluble in water
(solution becomes
cloudy through
absorption of carbon
dioxide); practically
insoluble in dehydrated
alcohol. One g dissolves
in 25 mL of water to
give a clear solution; 1 g
dissolved in 5 mL of
water crystallises upon
standing, but redissolves
when a small amount of
ethylenediamine is
added; insoluble in
alcohol and in ether.
Aminophylline has the
actions and uses of
theophylline and is used
similarly as a
bronchodilator in the
management of asthma
and COPD.
Store in airtight
containers. Protect from
light.
Name: Arachis oil
Synonyms: Arachidis Oleum Raffinatum; Cacahuete, aceite de; Earth-nut Oil; Erdnussol; Ground-nut Oil; Huile
d'Arachide; Nut Oil; Ol. Arach.; Oleo de Amendoim; Oleum Arachis; Peanut Oil; Refined Arachis Oil.
Source
Structure, formula or chemical
composition
Relevant solubilities
Other information
Micromedex
Martindale
The refined fatty oil obtained
from the shelled seeds of Arachis
hypogaea. A suitable antoxidant
may be added. It is a clear,
yellowish viscous liquid
consisting of glycerides, chiefly
of oleic and linoleic acids, with
smaller amounts of other acids. It
solidifies at about 2 degrees.
Practically insoluble in
water; very slightly
soluble in alcohol; freely
soluble in
dichloromethane.
Very slightly soluble in
alcohol; miscible with
petroleum spirit.
Miscible with carbon
disulfide, chloroform,
and with ether.
Emulsions containing
arachis oil are used in
nutrition. Arachis oil is
given as an enema for
softening impacted
faeces. It is used in drops
for softening ear wax
and in emollient creams.
Store in well-filled
containers. Protect from
light.
Name: Aromatic ammonia solution
Synonyms: Ammonia: Amoniaco, solucion diluida de.
Source
Structure, formula or chemical
composition
Micromedex
Martindale
BP 2005
Ammonia bicarbonate 25g,
nutmeg oil 0.3ml, lemon oil
0.5ml, alcohol (90%) 37.5ml,
strong ammonia solution 67.5ml,
purified water to 1000ml
Relevant solubilities
Other information
Dilute solutions of
ammonia have been used
as reflex stimulants
either as smelling salts
or solutions for oral
administration. Also
used as rubefacients and
counter-irritants and to
neutralise insect stings.
Name: Aromatic ammonia spirit
Synonyms: Smelling salt
Source
Structure, formula or chemical
composition
Micromedex
Martindale
BP 2005
Nutmeg oil 3 mL; lemon oil 5
mL; alcohol (90%) 750 mL;
ammonium bicarbonate 25 g;
strong ammonia solution 67.5
mL; purified water to 1000 mL.
Relevant solubilities
Other information
Store in airtight
light-resistant containers.
The temperature should
not exceed 30 degrees.
Used as a reflex
stimulant given by
inhalation, to revive an
unconscious individual
who has fainted; and an
adjunctive in behaviour
modification therapy.
Name: Aromatic syrup
Synonyms:
Source
Structure, formula or chemical
composition
APF 20
Orange tincture 5ml, lemon spirit
0.5ml, syrup to 100ml
Relevant solubilities
Other information
Store in airtight
containers
Name: Ascorbic acid
Synonyms: L-Ascorbic Acid; Acidum Ascorbicum; Cevitamic Acid; E300; Vitamin C
Source
Structure, formula or chemical
composition
Relevant solubilities
Other information
Micromedex
Martindale
C6H8O6 = 176.1
Freely soluble in water (1
in 3); soluble in alcohol
(1 in 40); insoluble in
chloroform, in ether, and
in benzene.
A white or almost white
crystalline powder or
colourless crystals
becoming discoloured on
exposure to light, air and
moisture.
A 5% solution in water
has a pH of 2.1 to 2.6.
Store in nonmetallic,
airtight containers.
Protect from light.
Name: Aspirin
Synonyms: Acetylsalicylic acid; 2-(acetyloxy)-Benzoic acid; Solpyron; Ecotrin; Colfarit; Asatylin; Acetophen;
Salicylic Acid Acetate
Source
Structure, formula or chemical
composition
Relevant solubilities
Other information
Micromedex
Martindale
USP 29
CH3COOC6H4COOH = 180.16
C(9)H(8)O(4)
Slightly soluble in water;
1g/100g water at 37’C;
freely soluble in ethanol
(80mg/ml), DMSO
(41mg/ml), dimethyl
formamide (30mg/ml)
UPP29: Soluble 1 in 300
of water, 1 in 5 of
alcohol, 1 in 17 of
chloroform, and 1 in 10
to 15 of ether; sparingly
soluble in absolute ether.
Analgesic,
anti-inflammatory,
antiplatelet, antipyretic.
White/colourless,
crystalline powder,
weakly acidic substance.
Stable in dry air
(hydrolyses in moist air,
decomposes in hot
water)
Name: Belladonna dry extract
Synonyms: Belladona; Belladone; Deadly Nightshade; Tollkirschen.
Source
Structure, formula or chemical
composition
Martindale
USP 29
EP
Each 100 g Belladonna extract
contains not less than 1.15 g and
not more than 1.35 g of the
alkaloids of belladonna leaf.
It may be in the form of a firm
extract (Pilular Belladonna
Extract) or a dry extract
(Powdered Belladonna Extract).
Relevant solubilities
Other information
Belladonna has the
actions of atropine
(antimuscarinic actions
in a wide range of
conditions, including the
relief of GI and
urinary-tract disorders
associated with smooth
muscle spasm).
Atropine in belladonna
preparations unstable at
alkaline pH and quickly
degrades in mixtures
with a pH above 7. Store
in airtight containers.
Protect from light.
Belladonna leaf dry extract
contains not less than 0.95% and
not more than 1.05% of total
alkaloids, calculated as
hyoscyamine (EP)
Name: Belladonna tincture
Synonyms: Belladonna leaf; Belladona; Belladone; Deadly Nightshade
Source
Structure, formula or chemical
composition
Micromedex
Martindale
USP 29
EP
It contains 0.027% to 0.033% of
total alkaloids calculated as
hyoscyamine. The alkaloids
consist mainly of hyoscyamine
together with small quantities of
hyoscine. It contains, in 100 mL,
not less than 27 mg and not more
than 33 mg of alkaloids of
belladonna leaf
Relevant solubilities
Other information
Atropine in belladonna
preparations was
unstable at alkaline pH
and would quickly be
degraded in mixtures
with a pH above 7. Store
in airtight containers.
Protect from light.
Name: Bentonite
Synonyms: Bentonit; Bentonita; Bentonitas; Bentonitum; E558; Mineral Soap; Soap Clay; Wilkinite
Source
Structure, formula or chemical
composition
Relevant solubilities
Other information
Micromedex
Martindale
A natural clay containing a high
proportion of montmorillonite, a
native hydrated aluminium
silicate in which some aluminium
and silicon atoms may be
replaced by other atoms such as
magnesium and iron.
A very fine, homogeneous,
greyish-white powder with a
yellowish or pinkish tint.
Practically insoluble in
water and in aqueous
solutions, but swells
with a little water
forming a malleable
mass.
Insoluble in alcohol
It is used as a
suspending and
stabilising agent,
adsorbent or clarifying
agent, anticaking agent.
Absorbs water readily to
form sols or gels,
depending on its
concentration. Store in
airtight containers.
Name: Benzalkonium chloride solution
Synonyms: Benzalkonium Chloratum
Source
Structure, formula or chemical
composition
Relevant solubilities
Other information
Micromedex
Martindale
A mixture of
alkylbenzyldimethylammonium
chlorides, the alkyl groups
having chain lengths of C8 to
C18. It contains not less than 95%
and not more than 104% of
alkylbenzyldimethylammonium
chlorides, calculated as
C22H40ClN with reference to the
anhydrous substance.
It contains not more than 15% of
water. A white or
yellowish-white, thick gel, or
gelatinous pieces with a mild
aromatic odour.
Very soluble in water and in
alcohol; the anhydrous form is
soluble 1 in 100 of ether and 1
in 6 of benzene.
A solution in water is
usually slightly
alkaline and foams
strongly when shaken.
A quaternary
ammonium antiseptic/
disinfectant with
actions and uses
similar to cationic
surfactants. Also a
preservative. Store in
airtight containers.
Name: Calamine
Synonyms: Calamina; Prepared Calamine.
Source
Structure, formula or chemical
composition
Relevant solubilities
Other information
Micromedex
Martindale
It is a basic zinc carbonate
coloured with ferric oxide. It is
an amorphous, impalpable, pink
or reddish-brown powder, the
colour depending on the variety
and amount of ferric oxide
present and the process used.
Practically insoluble in
water; it dissolves with
effervescence in
hydrochloric acid.
Calamine has mild
astringent and
antipruritic actions and
is used as a dusting
powder, cream, lotion, or
ointment in a variety of
skin conditions
Name: Castor oil
Synonyms: Aceite de Ricino; Huile de Ricin; Ol. Ricin.; Oleum Ricini; Ricini Oleum Virginale; Ricino, aceite de;
Rizinusol.
Source
Structure, formula or chemical
composition
Relevant solubilities
Other information
Micromedex
Martindale
USP 29
The fixed oil obtained from the
seed of Ricinus communis
(Euphorbiaceae). It is a pale
yellowish or almost colourless,
transparent, viscid liquid. Has a
faint, mild odour; is free from
foreign and rancid odour; and has
a bland, characteristic taste.
Practically insoluble in
water; soluble in
alcohol; miscible with
dehydrated alcohol, with
chloroform, with ether,
and with glacial acetic
acid. Freely soluble in
dichloromethane;
slightly soluble in
petroleum spirit
Store in airtight
containers at a
temperature not > 40
degrees. Used externally
for its emollient effect.
Used topically to allay
irritation due to foreign
bodies in the eye. It may
be used as the solvent in
some injections. Has
been used as a laxative.
Name: Cetomacrogol 1000
Synonyms: Cetomacrogol 1000; Cetomacrogolum 1000; Polyethylene Glycol 1000 Monocetyl Ether;
Polyoxyethylene Glycol 1000 Monocetyl Ether.
Source
Structure, formula or chemical
composition
Micromedex
Martindale
Cetomacrogol 1000 is a macrogol ether
containing 20 to 24 oxyethylene groups in
the polyoxyethylene chain. Has the formula
CH(3).[CH(2)](m).[O.CH(2).CH(2)](n).OH,
where m = 15 or 17 and n = 20 to 24.
Macrogol cetostearyl ethers are used as
surfactants and emulsifiers.
Relevant solubilities
Other information
Cetomacrogol
incompatible with
phenols and reduces
the antibacterial
activity of QACs.
May separate from
solutions in the
presence of a high
concentration of
electrolytes
Name: Cetomacrogol emulsifying wax
Synonyms:
Source
Structure, formula or chemical
composition
Relevant solubilities
Other information
Micromedex
Martindale
Ph. Eur. 5.5
BP 2005
Cetostearyl alcohol 800 g;
macrogol cetostearyl ether (22)
200 g (i.e. cetomacrogol 1000
20%, cetostearyl alchohol 80%)
* Cetostearyl alcohol:
see below
* Macrogol cetostearyl
ether with low numbers
of ethylene oxide units
per molecule is
practically insoluble in
water; soluble in alcohol
and in dichloromethane.
Macrogol cetostearyl
ether with higher
numbers of ethylene
oxide units per molecule
is dispersible or soluble
in water; soluble in
alcohol and in
dichloromethane.
* Cetostearyl alcohol:
see below
* Macrogol cetostearyl
ether: White or
yellowish-white waxy,
unctuous mass, pellets,
microbeads, or flakes.
Store in airtight
containers.
* Cetostearyl alcohol: see below
* Macrogol cetostearyl ether: a
mixture of ethers of mixed
macrogols with linear fatty
alcohols, mainly cetostearyl
alcohol. It may contain some free
macrogols and it contains various
amounts of free cetostearyl
alcohol. The amount of ethylene
oxide reacted with cetostearyl
alcohol is from 2 to 33 units per
molecule (nominal value).
Name: Cetostearyl alcohol
Synonyms: Alcohol cetoestearilico; Alcohol Cetylicus et Stearylicus; Alcool Cetostearilico; Cetearyl Alcohol;
Cetostearyl Alc.; Cetylstearylalkohol.
Source
Structure, formula or chemical
composition
Relevant solubilities
Other information
Micromedex
Martindale
Ph. Eur. 5.5
BP 2005
A mixture of solid aliphatic
alcohols mainly stearyl alcohol
and cetyl alcohol. It contains not
< 90% of stearyl plus cetyl
alcohols (C(16)H(34)O = 242.4)
and not less than 40% of stearyl
alcohol (C(18)H(38)O = 270.5) .
A white or pale yellow wax-like
mass, plates, flakes, or granules.
Practically insoluble in
water; soluble in alcohol,
in ether and in petroleum
spirit. When melted, it is
miscible with fatty oils,
with liquid paraffin, and
with melted wool fat.
Used in creams,
ointments, and other
topical preparations as a
stiffening agent and
emulsion stabiliser. Used
with suitable hydrophilic
substances, as in
Emulsifying Wax, it
produces oil-in-water
emulsions that are stable
over a wide pH range. It
is also used to improve
the emollient properties
of paraffin ointments
Name: Cetrimide
Synonyms: Cetrimida; Cetrimide; Cetrimidum.
Source
Structure, formula or chemical
composition
Relevant solubilities
Other information
Micromedex
Martindale
It consists of
trimethyltetradecylammonium
bromide and may contain smaller
amounts of
dodecyltrimethylammonium
bromide and
hexadecyltrimethylammonium
bromide (= cetrimonium
bromide). A white or almost
white, voluminous, free-flowing
powder. A quaternary ammonium
antiseptic with actions/uses of
cationic surfactants. Has
emulsifying/detergent properties,
and bactericidal activity.
Freely soluble in water
and in alcohol. A 2.0%
solution in water froths
copiously when shaken.
It has been used for
cleansing skin, wounds
and burns. It has been
used as a 0.1 to 1.0%
aqueous solution,
generally prepared by
dilution of a more
concentrated solution, or
as a cream containing
0.5%. Also used as
preservatives including
eye drops and in
disinfecting solutions for
hard contact lenses
Name: Chalk
Synonyms: Prepared Chalk; Creta
Source
Structure, formula or chemical
composition
Relevant solubilities
Other information
Micromedex
Martindale
CaCO3 = 100.1
It contains not less than 97.0%
and not more than 100.5% of
CaCO3, and calculated with
reference to the dried substance.
White or greyish-white,
odourless or almost odourless,
amorphous, earthy, small friable
masses, usually conical in form,
or in powder.
Practically insoluble in
water; slightly soluble in
water containing carbon
dioxide; it absorbs water
readily.
A native form of calcium
carbonate freed from
most of its impurities by
elutriation and dried.
Used as an adsorbent
antidiarrhoeal. Calcium
carbonate (precipitated
chalk) used as an
antacid, calcium
supplement, phosphate
binder
Name: Chlorbutol
Synonyms: Chlorobutanol; Acetone-Chloroforme; Alcohol Trichlorisobutylicus; Chlorbutanol; Chlorbutanolum;
Chloretone; Chlorobutanolum; Clorobutanol; Trichlorbutanolum.
Source
Structure, formula or chemical
composition
Relevant solubilities
Other information
Micromedex
Martindale
1,1,1-Trichloro-2-methylpropan-2-ol.
C(4)H(7)Cl(3)O = 177.5
It is anhydrous or contains not >
one-half molecule of water of
hydration. Colourless or white
crystals with a characteristic,
camphoraceous odour. Antibacterial
and antifungal properties;
preservative at 0.5% concentration.
Slightly soluble 1 in 125
of water, 1 in 1 of
alcohol, and 1 in 10 of
glycerol; freely soluble
in chloroform, in ether,
and in volatile oils.
It has been used as a
mild sedative and local
analgesic. Also for
inflammatory and
painful conditions of the
ear and oropharynx.
Store in airtight
containers.
Name: Chlorhexidine gluconate solution
Synonyms: Chlorhexidine Digluconate; Clorhexidina
Source
Structure, formula or chemical
composition
Relevant solubilities
Other information
Martindale
Micromedex
C22H30Cl2N10,2C6H12O7 = 897.77
An aqueous solution which
contains not less than 19% and
not more than 21% of
chlorhexidine gluconate. An
almost colourless or pale yellow,
clear liquid. A 5% v/v dilution in
water has a pH of 5.5 to 7.0.
Miscible with water,
glacial acetic acid;
miscible with 5 times its
volume of dehydrated
alcohol and with 3 times
its volume of acetone;
further addition of
dehydrated alcohol or
acetone gives turbidity.
Antibacterial (gingivitis,
peridontitis),
antibacterial cleansing
agent (skin disinfection,
burns, hand scrub),
dressing agent. Store in
airtight containers.
Protect from light.
Name: Chlorocresol
Synonyms: Chlorkresolum; Chlorocresol; Chlorocresolum; Clorocresol; Parachlorometacresol; PCMC.
Source
Structure, formula or chemical
composition
Relevant solubilities
Other information
Micromedex
Martindale
Ph. Eur. 5.5
USNF 24
p-Chloro-m-cresol;
4-Chloro-3-methylphenol.
C(7)H(7)ClO = 142.6
A white or almost white,
crystalline powder or compacted
crystalline masses supplied as
pellets or colourless or white
crystals.
Slightly soluble in water
(1 in 260) more soluble
in hot water; very
soluble in alcohol (1 in
0.4); freely soluble in
fatty oils; soluble in
ether, in terpenes, in
fixed oils, and in
solutions of alkali
hydroxides.
Potent chlorinated
phenolic disinfectant and
antiseptic. Used for
disinfection of the skin,
wounds. Preservative in
cosmetics, creams and
other preparations for
external use which
contain water. Store in
airtight containers.
Protect from light.
Name: Citric acid monohydrate
Synonyms: Acido del Limon; Acidum Citricum Monohydricum; Citrico monohidrato, acido; Hydrous Citric Acid.
Source
Structure, formula or chemical
composition
Relevant solubilities
Other information
Micromedex
Martindale
Ph. Eur. 5.5
USP 29
C(6)H(8)O(7),H(2)O = 210.1
Efflorescent, colourless crystals
or granules, or a white crystalline
powder. Citric acid used in the
management of dry mouth and to
dissolve renal calculi, alkalinise
the urine, and prevent
encrustation of urinary catheters.
Also used for the treatment of
coughs, GIT disturbances, and
metabolic acidosis.
Very soluble in water (1
in 0.5); freely soluble in
alcohol (1 in 2) and 1 in
30 of ether.
Used in effervescing
mixtures in the
preparation of
effervescent granules.
Enhances the
effectiveness of
antioxidants.
Store in airtight
containers.
Name: Coal tar
Synonyms: Alcatra~o Mineral; Alquitran de Hulla; Brea de hulla; Crude Coal Tar; Goudron de Houille; Oleum
Lithanthracis; Pix Carbon.; Pix Carbonis; Pix Lithanthracis; Pix Mineralis; Pyroleum Lithanthracis;
Steinkohlenteer.
Source
Structure, formula or chemical
composition
Relevant solubilities
Other information
Micromedex
Martindale
BP 2005
Obtained by the destructive
distillation of bituminous coal at
1000 degrees. A nearly black,
viscous liquid with a strong
characteristic penetrating odour.
On exposure to air it gradually
becomes more viscous. It burns
in air with a luminous sooty
flame.
Slightly soluble in water
to which it imparts an
alkaline reaction; partly
soluble in absolute
alcohol, in acetone, in
carbon disulfide, in
chloroform, in ether, and
in volatile oils. More
soluble in benzene;
almost completely
soluble in nitrobenzene.
Antiseborrheic and
Keratolytic. Tars and tar
oils can reduce the
thickness of the
epidermis. Antipruritic
and weakly antiseptic.
Used topically in
eczema, psoriasis,
dandruff, seborrhoeic
dermatitis and other skin
disorders. Store in
airtight containers.
Relevant solubilities
Other information
Name: Coal tar solution
Synonyms:
Source
Structure, formula or chemical
composition
Micromedex
Martindale
Coal tar 200 g; polysorbate 80 50
g; alcohol (96%) to 1000 mL.
Name: Codeine phosphate
Synonyms: Codeina, fosfato de; Codeine Phosphate Hemihydrate; Codeini Phosphas; Codeini Phosphas
Hemihydricus; Codeinii Phosphas; Methylmorphine Phosphate.
Source
Structure, formula or chemical
composition
Relevant solubilities
Other information
Micromedex
Martindale
USP 29
BP 2005
C(18)H(21)NO(3),H(3)PO(4),1/2H(2)O
= 406.4
The hemihydrate occurs as fine, white,
needle-shaped crystals or white
crystalline powder; odourless.
A 4% solution in water has a pH of 4.0
to 5.0. Store in airtight containers at a
temperature up to 40 degrees as
permitted by the manufacturer. Protect
from light.
Freely soluble in water
(1 in 2.5), 1 in 0.5 of
water at 80 degrees;
slightly soluble or very
slightly soluble in
alcohol (1 in 325) and
1 in 125 of boiling
alcohol.
Opioid analgesic.
Much less potent than
morphine and has
relatively mild sedative
effects. For the relief of
cough, and mild to
moderate pain, often in
association with aspirin
or paracetamol. Also
given by im or sc
injection for pain relief.
Also for symptomatic
relief of acute diarrhoea
Name: Compound Camphor Spirit
Synonyms: Camphor (2-Camphanone; D-Camphor (natural); Alcanfor; Cânfora; Camphora; Camphre Droit
(natural); Camphre du Japon (natural); Kamfer; Kamferi)
Source
Structure, formula or chemical
composition
Relevant solubilities
Other information
APF 20
Micromedex
Martindale
Camphor 0.3g, benzoic acid 0.5g,
anise oil 0.3ml, ethanol (60%) to
100ml
Camphor: C10H16O = 152.2
White crystalline powder or
friable crystalline masses, highly
volatile even at room
temperature.
A liquid or soft mass is formed
when camphor is triturated with
cloral hydrate, menthol, phenol,
and many other substances.
Camphor is readily powdered by
triturating with a few drops of
alcohol, ether, or chloroform.
Camphor: Slightly
soluble in water (1 in
800); very soluble in
alcohol (1 in 1) and in
petroleum spirit; very
slightly soluble in
glycerol; freely soluble
in fatty oils. 1 in 0.5 of
chloroform, and 1 in 1 of
ether; freely soluble in
carbon disulfide and in
fixed and volatile oils.
Camphor: Store at a
temperature not
exceeding 40 degrees in
airtight containers.
Applied externally,
camphor acts as a
rubefacient and mild
analgesic and is used in
liniments as a
counter-irritant. It is also
an ingredient of many
inhaled nasal
decongestants. Taken
internally camphor has
irritant and carminative
properties and has been
used as a mild
expectorant.
Name: Compound Hydroxybenzoate Solution
Synonyms:
Source
Structure, formula or chemical
composition
Relevant solubilities
Other information
APF 20
Micromedex
Martindale
Methyl hydroxybenzoate 8g,
propyl hydroxybenzoate 2g,
propylene glycol to 100ml
MH: Very slightly
soluble in water (1 in
400), 1 in 50 of water at
80 degrees; freely
soluble in alcohol (1 in
3); 1 in 10 of ether; and
freely soluble in methyl
alcohol.
PH: Slightly soluble in
water (1 in 2500); 1 in
400 of boiling water;
freely soluble in alcohol
(1 in 1.5) and in methyl
alcohol, 1 in 3 of ether.
Preservative;
antibacterial and
antifungal properties.
The hydroxybenzoate
preservatives are widely
used in cosmetics and
are also used for food
preservation. Also used
for treating skin
infections.
MH: C(8)H(8)O(3) = 152.1
Colourless crystals or a white
crystalline powder.
PH: C(10)H(12)O(3) = 180.2
A white crystalline powder.
Name: Compound tragacanth powder
Synonyms: Tragacanth: E413; Goma Alcatira; Goma de tragacanto; Gomme Adragante; Gum Dragon; Gum
Tragacanth; Trag.; Tragacantha; Tragacanto; Tragant.
Source
Structure, formula or chemical
composition
APF 20
Micromedex
Martindale
Tragacanth (finely powdered)
15g, acacia (finely powdered)
20g, starch (finely powdered)
20g, sucrose (finely powdered)
45g
Tragacanth: occurs as thin,
flattened, ribbon-like, white or
pale yellow, translucent, horny
strips. When reduced to a powder
it forms a mucilaginous gel with
about ten times its weight of
water.
Relevant solubilities
Other information
Tragacanth forms
viscous solutions or gels
with water, depending
on the concentration. It
is used as a suspending
and emulsifying agent
Suspending agent for
internal use in
concentrations of 2-3%.
In aqueous preparations,
the powdered tragacanth
is first dispersed in a
wetting agent, such as
alcohol, to prevent
agglomeration on the
addition of water. Protect
from light.
Name: Concentrated chloroform water
Synonyms: Chloroform: Chloroformium Anesthesicum; Chloroformum; Chloroformum pro Narcosi; Cloroformo.
Source
Structure, formula or chemical
composition
Relevant solubilities
Other information
Micromedex
Martindale
A colourless volatile liquid with a
characteristic odour. Not more
than 5.0% v/v distils below 60
degrees and the remainder distils
at 60 degrees to 62 degrees. It
contains 1.0 to 2.0% v/v of ethyl
alcohol; amylene 50
micrograms/mL is permitted as
an alternative to ethyl alcohol.
The label states whether it
contains ethyl alcohol or
amylene.
Slightly soluble in water;
miscible with dehydrated
alcohol, with ether, with
fixed and volatile oils,
and with most other
organic solvents.
Chloroform:
carminative, flavouring
and preservative.
Externally, chloroform
has a rubefacient action.
Also a solvent. Store in
containers with glass
stoppers or other suitable
closures. Protect from
light.
Name: Concentrated peppermint water
Synonyms: Peppermint oil: Essence de Menthe Poivree; Essencia de Hortela~-Pimenta; Menta piperita, aceite
esencial de; Menthae Piperitae Aetheroleum; Ol. Menth. Pip.; Oleum Menthae Piperitae; Pfefferminzol.
Source
Structure, formula or chemical
composition
Relevant solubilities
Other information
Micromedex
Martindale
Peppermint oil: It contains 30.0
to 55.0% menthol, 14.0 to 32.0%
menthone, and 2.8 to 10.0%
menthyl acetate, 3.5 to 14.0%
cineole, 1.5 to 10.0%
isomenthone, 1.0 to 9.0%
menthofuran, 1.0 to 5.0%
limonene, not more than 4.0%
pulegone, and not more than
1.0% carvone; the ratio of
eucalyptol content to limonene
content is greater than two.
It is a colourless, pale yellow, or
pale greenish-yellow liquid with
a characteristic odour and taste
followed by a sensation of cold.
Miscible with alcohol
and with
dichloromethane.
Soluble 1 in 3 of alcohol
(70%) with not more
than slight opalescence.
Peppermint oil is an
aromatic carminative
that relaxes GI smooth
muscle and relieves
flatulence and colic.
Used for the relief of
symptoms of IBS or GI
spasm secondary to
other disorders. Also
used as a flavour and
with other volatile
agents in preparations
for respiratory-tract
disorders. Store in
well-filled, airtight
containers. Protect from
light and heat.
Name: Disodium edetate
Synonyms: Dinatrii Edetas; Disodium Edathamil; Disodium EDTA; Disodium Tetracemate; Edetate Disodium;
Edetato disodico; Natrii Edetas; Sodium Versenate.
Source
Structure, formula or chemical
composition
Relevant solubilities
Other information
Micromedex
Martindale
C(10)H(14)N(2)Na(2)O(8),2H(2)O
= 372.2. A white or almost white,
crystalline powder. Sodium edetate
is a chelator with a high affinity for
calcium, with which it forms a
stable, soluble complex that is
readily excreted by the kidneys. It
has been given intravenously, as
the disodium and trisodium salts,
in the emergency treatment of
hypercalcaemia.
Soluble in water;
practically insoluble in
alcohol.
Sodium edetates are also
used in cleaners for
contact lenses and as
antioxidant synergists. It
is also used topically to
treat calcium deposits in
the eye.
A 5% solution in water
has a pH of 4.0 to 5.5.
Protect from light.
Name: Emulsifying Ointment
Synonyms:
Source
Structure, formula or chemical
composition
Relevant solubilities
Other information
Micromedex
Martindale
Emulsifying wax 300 g (see
below); white soft paraffin
(White Petroleum Jelly) 500 g;
liquid paraffin 200 g.
* WSP: Practically
insoluble in water, in
alcohol, and in glycerol;
soluble in
dichloromethane; freely
soluble in chloroform, in
benzene, and in carbon
disulfide; soluble in
ether, in petroleum spirit,
and in most fixed and
volatile oils.
Emulsifying ointment,
which contains
emulsifying wax (see
below) with white soft
paraffin and liquid
paraffin, was found to
have major sunscreen
activity in clinically
normal skin.
LP taken internally, it
acts as a lubricant and,
since it keeps the stools
soft, it has been used in
the symptomatic
treatment of
constipation. Externally,
it may be used as an
ingredient of ointment
bases, as an emollient
and cleanser in certain
skin conditions, and as
an ophthalmic lubricant
for dry eye
WSP: Purified and wholly or
nearly decolorised mixture of
semi-solid hydrocarbons,
obtained from petroleum. It may
contain a suitable antioxidant. It
is not suitable for oral use. A
white or almost white,
translucent, soft unctuous mass,
slightly fluorescent in daylight
when melted. Protect from light.
LP: purified mixture of liquid
saturated hydrocarbons obtained
from petroleum. It is a
transparent, colourless, oily
liquid, free from fluorescence in
daylight. Protect from light.
* LP: Practically
insoluble in water;
slightly soluble in
alcohol; miscible with
hydrocarbons.
Name: Emulsifying wax
Synonyms: Anionic Emulsifying Wax; Cera Emulsificans; Cera emulsionante; Cetylanum; Emulsif. Wax.
Source
Structure, formula or chemical
composition
Relevant solubilities
Other information
Micromedex
Martindale
BP 2005
It is prepared from 9 parts of
cetostearyl alcohol and 1 part of
sodium laurilsulfate or sodium
salts of similar sulfated higher
primary aliphatic alcohols. An
almost white or pale yellow,
waxy solid or flakes, becoming
plastic when warmed, with a
faint characteristic odour.
Practically insoluble in
water, forming an
emulsion; partly soluble
in alcohol; freely soluble
in chloroform, in ether,
in most hydrocarbon
solvents, and in aerosol
propellants.
Emulsifying wax added
to fatty or paraffin bases
facilitates the
preparation of
oil-in-water emulsions
which are absorbed and
are nongreasy when
rubbed into the skin. It is
a constituent of many
hydrophilic ointment
bases for so-called
`washable' ointments.
Name: Eucalyptus oil
Synonyms: Esencia de Eucalipto; Essence d'Eucalyptus Rectifiee; Eucalipto, aceite esencial de; Eucalypti
Aetheroleum; Oleum Eucalypti.
Source
Structure, formula or chemical
composition
Relevant solubilities
Other information
Micromedex
Martindale
Ph. Eur. 5.5
Colourless or pale yellow liquid
with a characteristic aromatic
camphoraceous odour and a
pungent camphoraceous taste. It
contains not less than 70% w/w
of cineole.
Soluble 1 in 5 of alcohol
(70%).
Has been taken by
mouth for catarrh and
coughs. Used as an
inhalation often in
combination with other
volatile substances. A
rubefacient and also
flavouring. Store in
well-filled airtight
containers at a temp
not > 25 degrees. Protect
from light.