LIST OF TECHNOLOGIES GENERATED FOR POSSIBLE PROMOTION OR COMMERCIALIZATION
Title of Technology
Air-Fed Wood-Fueled
Stove
Improvised Air
compressor
Improvised
Microbiological
Incubator
Multi-purpose Natural
Straw Stripper
Pili Nut Cutter
Brief Description
One of a kind stove that eliminates the problems encountered in cooking food
using firewood such as uneven burning of firewood, too much smoke and
continuous burning. The air-fed wood-fueled stove is fitted with a wooden,
double-acting pump that injects abundant supply of air to support fuel
combustion, thus eliminating too much smoke. It also maximizes the
utilization of the heat content of the wood fuel. Thus, this stove is
environment friendly and efficient and economical.
Functional, inexpensive, efficient and safe air compressor designed to operate
a spray gun for car painting jobs and related projects in the shop. The device
is composed of a refrigerator motor with an oil and water separator, air hose
to be connected to the spray gun while the body is cart-like for easy
transporting. The device operates on a principle of compression. The rotary
motion of the motor reciprocates the piston that travel in the cylinder to
produce air.
The improvised incubator is a major equipment in teaching Microbiology topics
on culture of microorganisms. With the use of this device, it allows the
students greater opportunity to work maximally in manipulating laboratory
culture materials and equipment. The improvised microbiological incubator is
economical without sacrificing precise temperature control. It is stackable for
maximum space utilization. Four unadjustable feet ensure proper leveling.
A device used in stripping caragumay or other natural straws used in making
cottage or handicraft products. It is easy to operate and safe to use. The
device, powered by ¼ hp motor, has a stripping efficiency rating of 97%
which can produce 20 atrips in one setting at a maximum time of 30 secondsa great advantage over the use of the traditional method which takes 25
minutes to produce the same number of strips. The use of recyclable
materials makes the device affordable and easy to replicate; its adjustable
parts allow stripping variety of natural straws, hence, it becomes multipurpose.
Mechanically operated pili nut cutter. Efficiency of traditional method of cutting
pili shells increased by 10 times. Safety of cutting ensured.
Project/
Program
Source
Agency
Researcher/s
Classification
CSC
Engr. Jose T. Tapel
Developed;
For
commercialization
CSC
Prof. Jesus Tomas M. Gianan
Developed;
For
commercialization
CSC
Dr. Asuncion V. San Juan
Prof. Estrella T. Tribiana
CSC
Engr. Pio G. Panti
Engr. Jhomann Socito
Prof. Ananias Fernandez
Dr. Asuncion V. Asetre
Prof. Sonia R. Vargas
CSC
Dr. Maria Tugano
Prof. Rhodora Cabrera
Prof. Jesus Tomas Gianan
Mark Molina
Edmund Cornelius Manalgñit
Mark Anthony Tan
Developed;
For
commercialization
1
Paul John Francia
Raymund Tuquero
Triodical Triangles as
Teaching Device in
Trigonometry
It is a teaching device that can be considered as the summary of trigonometry.
It serves as a concrete example of the application of radical expressions. It is
handy, affordable, and easy to reproduce.
CSC
Prof. Serelino T. Tasarra
Developed;
For
commercialization
Coco Jam (Santan)
A kind of dessert made from a mixture of coco milk and panocha standardized
to establish the best proportion and shelf life of the product
CSC
Prof. Socorro D. Masagca
Developed;
For
commercialization
Value Added Products
from Eucheuma
Mungbean Noodles
Developed products using eucheuma namely chutney, pickles, and quickles.
From among the three products, chutney was the most acceptable
Use of 100% mungbean flour for production of best quality noodle. The
formulation is found to have comparable qualities with the 100% all-purpose
flour available in the market in terms of color, glossiness and doneness.
100% pili pulp was formulated into Pili Pulp Catsup. The color consistency,
texture, flavor were standardized. Acceptability of the product was evaluated.
Shelf life of 3-4 months was recorded.
To produce a yield of nine time its initial biomass, Echeuma striatum should be
cultured on a farm site with mean salinity of more that 35.5ppm, a mean
depth of 5.6 meters or more, a mean surface temperature of not more that
28.5 degree Celsius and a mean water velocity of not less that 0.46 m/s during
the dry season.
Mudcrabs Scylla serrata Forskall subjected to zero photoperiod and fed to
sitiation for 7 days increased weight by 500%. Growth achieved by cultured
crabs under normal photoperiod for 20 days were achieved in 7 days only
under photoperiod.
Tuber production technology for yam that uses tip and middle vine cuttings.
The fresh tubers from tip and middle vine cuttings had mean weights of
945.83 grams and 870.83 grams respectively.
The concept of the Golden Kuhol Crusher-grinder was based from existing
hammer mill machines used in crushing and/ or grinding feed materials but
comparably low-cost, less laborious, and can easily be operated even by a
woman.
The project was conceptualized to develop tools and equipment for ginger
processing and to provide the integrated mechanized system that will solve the
laborious and tedious operations in processing ginger.
CSC
Prof. Sonia R. Vargas
Ms. Ma. Theresa I. Lacson
Prof. Elena G. Tasarra
Ms. Mary Ann M. Tejada
Pili Pulp Catsup
Eucheuma Farming
System
Use of Photoperiod in
Mudcrab Fattening
Use of Yam (Ubi) Vine
Cuttings for Tubers
Propagation
Golden Kuhol Crusher
Grinder
Development of
Integrated Multi-Crop
Processing System
(Zero Waste Ginger
CSC
CSC
Prof. Elena G. Tasarra
Dr. Minerva I. Morales
CSC
Prof. Sonia r. Vargas
CSC
Dr. Minerva I. Morales
CSC
Prof. Pablo P. Gualberto
CSSAC
Engr. Marife L. Pesino
BU
Engr. Arnulfo P. Malinis
Developed;
For
commercialization/
promotion
For
commercialization/
promotion
2
Processing
Technology)
Smoke Fish Enterprise
PSU Automated
Registrar System
(P@RS)
Decrowning and
Fertilization at Red
Bud Stage of Queen
Pineapple
The Effects of Iodized
Salt on the Quality of
Bagoong Dilis
Pen Culture of
Mudcrab (Scylla
Serrata Estampador,
keenan et.al, 1998) In
Mangrove: Analysis of
Stocking Density
Effects to Growth,
In the study on Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Analysis using Flavor
enhancer, it was found out that rice hull is a good source of smoke during fish
smoking and bagasse is a good flavor enhancer. PSU endorsed that promotion
of the technology of smoked fish because: it is one of the most common
preserved fish product marketed in Bicol Region; agro-waste smoking
materials such as ricehull and bagasse are available at hand and there is high
demand of protein rich food and protein-deficient areas in Bicol Region.
It is an attempt to develop an alternative comprehensive information system
that can be implemented to assist the Registrar’s Office of Partido State
University. It aimed to transform the manual processes on student-related
records into a set of on-line computerized services.
Combination use of fertilization and decrowning can be recommended at low
rate of fertilizer use at flowering. However, depending on the capabilities of
farmers and future demand of market, especially foreign market, high rate of
fertilization coupled with decrowning may prove useful.
PSU
Myrna C. Bigueja
For
commercialization
PSU
Ronnel R. Atole
Nicolas A. Pura
Antonio B. Oquialda
For
implementation
DA-V
Inocencio Q. Obrero
The study was conducted over a period of six months to one year using
iodized salt as the experimental salt and Las Piñas alt (commonly found in the
market) as the control. Three runs/ replications were made for each of the
two parts salt to seven parts fish. Only one variety of fish was used which is
dilid or enchovies. The procedure in mixing bagoong was the recipe
recommended by BFAR as founding BFAR brochure.
Sensory evaluation of each run-product was conducted by thirty-five
evaluators using seven point scale. There were six products using 1:3 salt to
fish ratio and six products using the 2:7 salt and fish ratio.
Results of the sensory evaluation showed (a) for color moderately attractive to
very attractive color (b) for odor/ aroma (c) for degree of saltness: moderately
to very high degree of saltness and (d) for flavor; like moderately.
Return on investment analysis (ROI) indicated 10-20% profit.
Recommendations include using other species of fish and formulation ratio.
The pen culture of mud crab in the mangrove areas along Incarizan River
within 150 days. Three hundred twelve crablets were purchased and placed in
twelve experimental plots which were enclosed in nets supported by bamboo
bridge used for feeding and monitoring. The crablets were initially weighed
before stocking to determine the amount or percentage of feeds to be given.
The crablets were fed twice a day using the broadcast method. Results of the
study showed no clear indication that the presence of Mangrove (aveceia sp)
SSC
Yolanda E. Berdin
Augusto Calabines
SSC
Tito M. Ciruelos
3
Mortality and
Production
Eco-Friendly Mangrove
Aqulaculture: An
Evaluation on the
Growth, Survival and
Production of
Epinephilus coioides,
Siganus gutatos and
Scatophagus argus
Pen Culure of Mud
Crab (Scylla serrata
and S. olivacea
Estampador, Keenan,
et al, 1998) in Tidal
Flat with Existing
prevent cannibalism and enhance the growth or survival.
The result of the experiment after 150 days is very encouraging for fish
farmers for two reasons, First, pen culture is very economical in terms of cost
both in the construction and the maintenance. Second, it is also ecology
friendly because it maintains the normal environment including the mangroves
while the process of culturing is going on.
Physico-chemical parameters: Slight variations on water temperature values
caused no significant effects in the growth of the subjects. Increase in water
temperature was noted during the months of April and May especially during
low tides causing the stocks (siganids and spade fish) to surface from the
water gasping for oxygen. Salinity values ranged from 10.28 ppt. It was
noted that an increase in after temperature correspondingly causes an
increase in salinity. This ode of variations occurred from March to June due to
occasional rainfall. Wide range of salinity and temperature variations were due
to vast water sheds bounding Incarizan river. Higher salinities (26.69 ppt)
were observed in the month of April.
Growth and survival: Growth rates of the experimental species over a period of
four months observation showed that the monthly growth increment are
predicted to be influenced by the capacity of the stocks of feed at the early
stage of their lifecycle. It was noted that the grouper (TI) had exhibited better
growth performance due to food abundance, T3 and T2 had exhibited inferior
growth performance compared to T1 since poor feeding of the test animals
was attributed to the limited amount of natural food generated from the
natural substrates. At low tides substrates are exposed to sunlight hindering
their reproduction when out of the water for number of hours studies
conducted on the cultivation of grouper, siganids and spade fish in ponds and
cages had exhibited good performance. Culture of the species mentioned in
mangrove areas had exhibited no significant difference in terms of growth.
Differences in survival and recovery are predicted to be low at the mangrove
aquaculture due to the disturbances caused by rats on the structure and
occasional dike breakage especially during high tides.
Salinity and temperature variations did not in any way affect the growth
performance of the test animals since problems on the Physico-chemical
parameters of the water are easily remedied due to incoming tides at high
tide.
The results of the verification study showed that the wooden gate used in
1,600sq.m.culture of mud crab in tidal flat with existing mangroves is not
suitable and applicable, because it does not maintain the required water level
inside the pen during low tide. The continuous leakage of water in between
the slabs of the wooden gate of the enclosed area partially drains it of water
except the ditches or central canals. The study showed also that the draining
SSC
Ramonito D. Duro
Olga B. Labalan
Dolores C. Huidem
Augusto N. Calabines
SSC
Dr. tito M. Ciruelos
Dr. Tarcela F. Detera
Prof. Rafael V. Amene
4
Mangroves:
Verification and
Comparative Study
Survival and
Production of Scylla
Serrata Estampador
(Keenan et el, 1998)
Under Various Shelters
in Enclosed Mangroves
of water for three consecutive nights is favorable to the rats that prey on the
mud crab stocks. Therefore, the water level requirement is a critical factor in
preventing rat from preying on crabs.
In the comparative study of two species of crabs, the two-group design was
employed as experimental and control group. Results showed that there was
no significant difference in survival of the two species of crabs at 0.5 level of
probability survival rate of the control group (S. serrata) was noted at 49%,
with a better average body weight attainment of 390.322 grams for five
months culture period compared to five months 275 g. with the verification
study conducted in Puerto Princesa in collaboration with Local Government
Units. While the S. olivacea has a survival rate of 87%, it has a lower average
body weight of 224.40g. The high mortality rate was observed in S. serrate
due to rats preying on stocks when the site was drained of water. Cost-return
analysis in one cropping in 800 sq.m. basis showed that the S. serrata species
has a return on capital investment (ROI) of 17% compared to –0.37% in S.
olivacea. However, it is possible to increase the survival rate and production
of S. serrata and its ROI by controlling rat through maintaining the water level
inside the pen especially at night time. Likewise, the draining of water from
the area should be done early in the morning or mid-afternoon.
The effects of various shelters on survival and yield grams per sq.m. of rearing
juvenile Scylla serrata in enclosed mangrove were investigated at Incarizan
River, Magallanes, Sorsogon. Mangroves forest was protected during the
entire experiment. Four treatments with three replicates were employed.
Results of the study showed the optimum yield in grams per sq.m. of Scylla
serrata and its profitability was noted on the 4th month of the rearing periods
in the four treatments. The survival and yield in grams per sq.m. of Scylla
serrata at the four treatments were significantly different at the 5% level of
significance. The three pair comparisons showed that Treatment 2 gave yield
t6hat was significantly higher that that of the Treatment 1 (control). The
computed mean difference between Treatment 2 and the control exceeds to
the computed Least Significant Difference (LSD) test values of 5% level of
significance, but not significant in Treatment 3 and Treatment 4. The survival
rate was significant in Treatment 4 but not significant in Treatment 2 and
Treatment 3. The highest ROI and lowest production cost were observed in
the Treatment 2. Cost and Return analysis showed no profit benefit from the
3rd and 5th, 6th and 7th months of the culture period of all treatments except in
Treatment 2 and Treatment 4. After the 5th month there was significant
decline in these two treatments. All treatments became unprofitable beyond
this rearing period. Net profit declined and incurred losses dur to mortality as
a result of cannibalism. It is also the start of the spawning of female crabs
and spawning female crabs do not have market value, they die after egg
SSC
Dr. Tito M. Ciruelos
Dolore C. Huiden
5
hatching.
Comparative Study on
Growth of Mud Crabs
(Scylla Serrata) Fed on
Trash Fishes and
Formulated
“Kuhol”Diet
Development of New
Food Product from Pili
Pulp
Prawn-Gracilaria
Polyculture in Net Pen
Enclosure Within
Mangrove Areas
Feed Acceptability: On the 1st week of feed administration to the stock,
treatment fed on trash fish responded immediately to the feed while
Treatment on formulated diet seems to disregard the feed until such time that
they were starve where they start feeding. It was noted that there was a
significant difference in the growth of stocks between treatments I and II as
revealed during the 1st sampling period.
Growth and Survival: Based from the results of the different treatments,
Treatment I (control) represented a mean growth rate of 1.0734g.per day.
Treatment II (fed with formulated diet) 1.1464g per day and Treatment III (
combination of trash fish and formulated diet) 0.09609 g respectively. These
values simply show that treatment II had exhibited superior growth rate over
Treatments I and III. However, during the 1st week of feeding, T0II and T-III
had shown slight depressions in growth due to the period of feed adjustment.
Treatment III had the poorest result implicated by wastage of formulated diet
since trash fish was given priority by the stocked animals while formulated diet
dis-integrates before these were consumed by the animals.
The researchers determine the appropriate mixture of pili pulp with gabi,
oatmeal and cornstarch to produce pudding, fruitcake and crunchy balls. The
appropriate proportion of pili pulp tried by the researchers in each of the
recipe was: for pudding: ½ c. gabi, and 2c pili pulp; for fruit cake: 1c. oatmeal
and 1c pili pulp; for crunchy balls: 1/2c. flour and 2 c pili pulp.
Based on the results, the findings were: The ideal mixture for pudding based
from evaluation of students, faculty members and community is treatment 4;
for pudding, 1 part mashed boiled gabi and 2 parts pili pulp; for fruit cake, 1
part oatmeal and 1 part pili pulp; for crunchy balls, 1 part cornstarch and 2
parts pili pulp. As to characteristics and level of acceptability, pudding,
fruitcake and crunchy balls are moderately attractive in color, moderately
pleasant in odor and moderately smooth in texture. Sensory evaluation for
pudding, fruitcake and crunchy balls for taste is very much like. In one-week
period the ROI of pudding is 39.40%, fruitcake- 47.32 % and crunchy balls33.33%.
For the pulp nutritional analysis findings are: protein 8%, 33.6 %
carbohydrates 45.8% and ash 9.2%.
The results of the study on ‘Prawn-Gracilaria Polyculture conducted within Net
Pen Enclosure in Mangrove had manifested a strong indication that
aquaculture activities in mangrove can co-exist with mangrove forest and
increase production up to 1,562.44 kg/ha. This production is comparable and
proven higher (4.03%) than the production per hectare in the conventional
extensive bangus culture under pond condition (1,500kg).
In terms of growth rate of prawn results showed a 31% superiority (ave body
SSC
Ramonito D. Duro
SSC
Prof. Sonia V. Catabian
Dr. Tarcela F. Detera
SSC
Ramonito D. Duro
Yolanda E. Berdin
6
Shrimp Gracilaria
Polyculture in Net Pen
Enclosure Within
Mangrove Area: An
Evaluation
Coconut Embryo
Culture Technology
wt.- 14.45) over the results achieves on the experiment conducted by
SEAFDEC/AQD at Alacagan, Banate, iloilo (ABW=6.98g in 4 mo.) on shrimp
pond using mangrove pond as water filter. This study showed that the lesser
the stocking density (T-I) increase survival rates ad weight gain (62%= 18.431
g) of prawn compared to T-II (12.45112g) and T-III (11.7969g) respectively.
Results of this experiment also revealed a faster growth rates of prawn during
the second and third month of their life cycle when prawn juveniles had
achieved an average body weight of 3-5 grams. Generally, high stocking
density in Prawn-Gracilaria Polyculture had considerable affected, survival
growth of prawn (ave. 44.6% and 14.45 g. respectively) due to insufficiency
on food, dissolve oxygen and space requirement. Predation and inconsistent
salinity and temperature ranges had aggravated low survival and production.
Seaweeds growth did not show an admirable result (126g) due to grazing of
prawn on generating spores and new growths. The growth of mangroves was
never affected during the culture period due to occasional roots exposures on
lowest-low tides. Mangrove Aquaculture, therefore can co-exist with
mangrove forest, contributes to the mangrove rehabilitation and resource
management while generating an income as advocated by Trono (1987).
The experimental unit used in study 1 (propagation of Gracilaria) was utilized
in this study. Results in this study followed the trend, however, at a very
minimum degree. Gracilaria cultivated with prawn gave a little influence to the
growth rate of subjects (Mean: 15,357 g) as compared to the results of the
subjects were greatly affected by unfavorable water parameters especially
during summer season. The growth depressions manifested particularly in
treatment 2 and treatment 3 were attributed to high stocking densities,
insufficient supply of dissolved oxygen and the salinity and temperature
values. The stunted growth of seaweeds was caused mainly in siltation, the
grazing of vegetarian entrants species such as rabbit fishes and mullets aside
from the prawn consumption of their survival.
1. Y3 (with or without AC) and MS nutrients formulations (with AC) are
comparative and are better than White’s medium for in vitro culture of
coconut embryos
2. Technique for embryo culture of coconut developed
3. The technique is being used to mass produce embryo cultured makapuno
seedlings
4. technique for routine collection of large numbers of embryos for culture
developed
5. further improvement of the technique for embryo rescue of Makapuno
which allow higher success rate in ex vitro transplanting
6. Germination of embryos was shortened from 6 weeks using White’s
medium to three weeks in Eeuween’s medium with or without activated
SSC
Tissue
Culture
Division
PCA-ARC
Ramonito D. Duro
Yolanda E. Berdin
Technology
Generated
7
The Use of Botanical
Biocides for the
Ocntrol of Major Pests
of Coconut and
Intercrops
charcoal or in Murashige and Skoog’s with AC
7. Initial findings showed that incorporation of 2 ppm NAA or IBA on the last
subculture initiated more and longer roots. But with improved protocol,
NAA (10-20ppm) may be incorporated only in the culture medium only for
the hart-to-root cultures
8. The length of time to transplant in vitro grown seedlings was also reduced
from 6.8 to 4.6 months
9. 11 to 12 month old nuts are the appropriate sources of embryos for
coconut embryo culture
10. Germination of coconut embryos in Y3 liquid medium was not affected by
neither water source and pH adjustment. Further incubation of seedlings
showed that pH adjustment is a critical factor. The culture of coconut
embryos could use either tap or glass distilled water and either with or
without agar
11. Regardless of the cultivars, higher germination rate, enhanced vegetative
growth and development, and profuse root formation of embryos were
consistently noted following the ARC’s that the Assy-Bah’s protocol.
Results indicate that the ARC embryo culture procedure is optimum for
germination, growth and development of coconut zygotic embryos in vitro.
12. Any brand of AC can be incorporated in the medium for the in vitro culture
of coconut embryos.
13. An upgraded hybrid embryo culture protocol is currently being used to
culture coconut embryos. Results showed improvement in terms of earlier
leaf and root formation, higher percentage of cultures with simultaneous
shoot and root formation, higher percentage of transplantable seedlings
with 5-7 months and higher recovery rate and ex vitro survival.
14. Makapuno seedlings are being propagated using hybrid embryo culture
protocol.
15. The upgraded hybrid embryo culture protocol is being used to mass
produce other soft endosperm coconut mutants like Lono and
Langadngad.
1. Appropriate bioassay procedures suitable for laboratory and small scale
field screening of promising pesticidal plants were devised and tested for
the first time against major coconut pests and various intercrop pests.
2. Under laboratory conditions, aqueous crude of pesticidal plants were found
against the following pests:
Pests of coconut
 Phinoceros beetle Oryctes rhinoceros
Aqueous extract of fresh Derris elliptica (tubi) roots was very effective
against rhinoceros beetle larvae. Using concentration of 1.3 (wt/vol) and
higher and incorporated into the reari8ng medium, larvae died within 1-3
Entomology
Division
PCA-ARC
Technology
Generated
8
days after treatment. Aqueous extracts of other plant species like leaves
of Azadirachte indica (neem), Vitex negundo (Lagundi) and Gliricidia
sepium (kakawate) also resulted in larval mortalities one week after
treatment.
 Leafminer, Promecotheca sp.
Aqueous extracts of fresh tubi roots and dried seeds of either Annona
muricate (guyabano), neem and Croton tiglium (tuba-tuba) sprayed on
infested coconut leaves killed adults of the coconut leafminer 3 to 6 days
after treatment. Highest mortalities were obtaines at 1:3 (wt/vol)
concentrations.
 Coconut Meal bug
Aqueous extracts at 1:1 (wt/vol) concentration of fresh tubli roots, neem
seeds and tuba-tuba fruits were found highly effective against all stages of
the mealybug. Lower mortality rates were obtained with aqueous extracts
of leaves of Jatropha curcas (tubing bakod) , Coleus amboinicus
(oregano), Tagetes erecta (marigold yellow), lagundi, tuba-tuba, curcuma
(luyang dilaw) and Chrysanthemun sp. (chrysanthemum). Mealybug
nymphs were more susceptible than adults to botanical biocides.
 Palm weevil, Rhynchoporus sp.
Extracts of fresh tubli roots incorporated into rearing media of palm weevil
larvae resulted in 100% mortality. Larvae of all stages were killed 3 days
after treatment.
 Scale insects
Spraying aqueous extracts of fresh or dried tubli and Tinosphora rumphii
(Makabuhay) were effective in controlling scale insects. Aqueous
extracts at 1:1 (wt/vol) concentration resulted in 100^ mortality five days
after treatment.
Pests of Intercrops
Spraying thrips-infested Piper betel (buyo) leaves with aqueous
extracts of fresh tuba-tuba fruits or dried tuba-tuba seeds or neem
seeds at 1:1 and 1:2 (wt/vol) concentration resulted with high
mortality in both adults and nymphs 1-3 days after treatment.
Nymphs and adults of blackpepper flatids were susceptible to aqueous
extracts of fresh tubli roots 1:2 (wt/vol) concentration. Up to 92%
mortality was observed 1-3 days after spraying infested black pepper
9
leaves.
A 1:2 (wt/vol) concentration of aqueous extracts of fresh or dried tubli
roots, dried tuba-tuba seeds and hot pepper fruits incorporated into
the rearing media resulted in Ostrinia furnacalis (cornborer) larvae
mortalities 1-2 days after treatment.
DNA Marker
Technologies for
coconut genetic
analysis and genome
mapping
1. Different PCR-based DNA marker types )randomly amplified polymorphic
DNA-RAPD, inverse sequence-tagged repeats-ISTR, amplified fragment
length polymorphism-AFLP and microsatellite-MS) were used to construct
linkage maps in coconut(cocos nucifera L., 2n=32). A total of 2033
markers have been mapped so far. Linkage maps for 6 genotypes were
established on the basis of four coconut mapping populations: East African
Tall (EAT0707) x Pemba Red Dwarf (PRD), EAT1011 x Rennel Island Tall
(RIT0710), Malayan Yellow Dwarf (MYD20) x Laguna Tall (LAGT07) and
Cameroon Red Dwarf (CRD) x RIT. The current status of the 6 individual
maps is:
VirologyBiochemistry
Division
PCA-ARC
Technology
Generated
MYD20, 216 markers on 16 linkage groups, map length of 1459
centimorgan (cM)
LAGT01, 293 markers on 16 linkage groups, map length of 2533 cM
EAT0707, 707 markers on 16 linkage groups, map length of 2083 cM
EAT1011, 338 markers on 16 linkage groups, map length of 2360 cM
RLT0710, 204 markers on 16 linkage groups, map length of 1492 cM
RIT, 275 markers on 16 linkage groups, map length of 1860 cM
In visualizing the DNA fingerprints resulting from these markers, silver
nitrate staining procedure is being used in place of radioactive 32P. Silver
staining is less expensizve, not hazardous to handle and environmentalfriendly procedure.
Inverse sequence tagged repeats (ISTR) developed primarily for coconut
was also applied and used to characterize a fungal pathogen,
Phytophthora palmirona, causing coconut bud and nuts rots.
2. QTL analysis for the trait early germination identified six loci on five
different linkage groups of MYD and LAGT. These QTLs correlate with
early flowering and yield, representing important traits in coconut
breeding.
10
Diagnostic assay for
Cadang-cadang
disease of coconut
3. Eight MADS-box, 2 MYB and 3 homeobox genes (belonging to the class 1
Knox genes) have been sequenced and (in part) mapped. These genes
serve as candidate genes in coconut that i), represent resistance loci (RGL)
tro biotic stress and ii) control important processes in plant development
and differentiation such as leaf development and flower organogenesis.
1. Large number of samples (2000 samples using dot-blot and 50-60 samples
using northern blot) can be processed
2. It has a detection –end point of 3.6 ppb for northern-blot MHA and 0.36
ppb for dot blot MHA. Early detection of the disease is made possible
3. With this very sensitive detection assay, some physical and chemical
properties of the causal agent of the disease were established. The
following were some of the recent findings:
a. Crude and purified CCVd preparations are degraded after
autoclaving at 117C for 15-30 min and are not degraded after
pasteurization at 68-83C at varying length of time and microwave
exposure for 1 to 3 min.
b. CCCVd tolerate freezing and thawing
c. CCCVd is sensitive to pancreatic Rnase and Rnase Ty but
unsensitive to phenol treatment
d. Alcoholic solution degrades CCCVd and is used in decontaminating
laboratoty wares but highly resistant to UV and ionizing radiation
VirologyBiochemistry
Division
PCA-ARC
Technology
Developed
4. Validation of previous findings that Laguna, Batangas andCavite are
cadang cadang disease-free areas
5. Colorometric detection method is being used in place of radiolabeled
probe. This is less expensive, less health hazard to the handlers and
environmentally-friendly.
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