Introduction to Forensic Science-Ch.1
Forensic Science

The _____________________________________________of science to matters of____________.
Criminalistics vs Criminology
Criminalistics

the ________________________________________of physical evidence for _________________purposes.
Criminology

includes the_____________________________________________________________-, traits, and behavior
that will help to interpret the evidence
Crime Lab—Basic Services

Physical Science Unit

_______________________

_______________________

_______________________

_____________________________Unit

______________________________Unit

Document Examination Unit

Photography Unit
Other Forensic Science Services

Forensic _________________________

Forensic _____________________________

Forensic __________________________________

Forensic Psychiatry

Forensic Odontology

Forensic Engineering

Cybertechnology
Major Crime Laboratories

_________________

_________________

_________________

U.S. Postal Service

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Crime Lab History

First police crime lab in the world was established in France in
______________________________________________
People of Historical Significance
Edmond Locard (1877-1966)

French professor

Considered the _____________________________________________

Built the world’s first ___________________________________________________ in France in 1910

Locard Exchange Principle

________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________
Crime Scene Team

A group of______________________________________________, each trained in a variety of special
disciplines.

Team Members

__________________________________________________

Medics (if necessary)

_____________________________________________

Medical Examiner or Representative (if necessary)

________________________________________________________________

Lab Experts
________________________
serologist
________________________
toxicologist
________________________
forensic anthropologist
forensic psychologist
forensic entomologist
firearm examiner
_________________________________________
document and handwriting experts
_______________________________________
Laws that Pertain to the
U.S. Criminal Justice System

____________________________________________

_________________________________Law

Common Law __________________________________________

_____________________________Law

__________________________________ Law

Equity Law

Administrative Law
The Bill of Rights
Gives individuals the right:

To be ___________________________________________________________________

Not to be searched ____________________________________________

Not to be _________________________________________________________________

Against __________________________________________________________________________

Against ___________________________________________________________________

To fair questioning by ________________________________________________

To protection from
__________________________________________________________________________________

To an attorney

To trial by ________________________________________________

To know any charges against oneself
Miranda v Arizona: _______________________Rights
Types of Crimes
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
Federal Rules of Evidence
In order for evidence to be admissible, it must be:

______________________________—actually prove something

____________________________________—address an issue that is relevant to the particular crime
Admissibility of Evidence
1923 Frye v. United States
 _______________________________________________________________________if it is generally
accepted by the relevant scientific community. The Frye standard does not offer any guidance on reliability.
The evidence is presented in the trial and the jury decides if it can be used.
1993 Daubert v. Dow
Admissibility is determined by:
ý
Whether the _________________________________________________________
ý
Whether the science has been offered for _________________________________________
ý
Whether the _____________________________________________is acceptable
ý
Whether the method at issue enjoys widespread__________________________________.
ý
Whether the opinion is relevant to the _________________________________
The judge decides if the evidence can be entered into the trial.
Facets of Guilt
Try to prove:



Means—person had the __________________________________________________
Motive—person had a _________________________________________(not necessary to prove
in a court of law)
Opportunity—person can be ____________________________________________________