AP 1450 – 1750 TEST REVIEW SHEET (FILLED IN)
NAME ________________
Also study the Multiple choice practice questions!!! The test is worth 100 points.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
West African kingdom that succeeded Mali: Songhai
Two products Europeans sought in West Africa 1450-1750: gold, ivory
From 1450-1750 Europe’s influence in Africa was mostly on the coastlines
Most prominent art forms of sub-Saharan Africa: sculptures & textiles **
Main reason for Spain’s colonization of New World: economic profit & 3Gs
Bartolome de las Casas’ main achievement: He helped pass laws to stop
mistreatment of Native Americans during the encomienda period. (1540s)
7) Describe monoculture: single crop economy New World; sugar: Spanish, Port.
8) Examples of Columbian Exchange (to Europe): coffee, sugar, tobacco, corn,potatoes
9) Native Americans died mostly from diseases (small pox, measles)
10) Describe proto-industrialization: what, when, where? a period of industrialization in
Europe in the 1600s and early 1700s prior to the Industrial Revolution.
11) Describe the caravel: small highly maneuverable ship used by the Spanish and
Portuguese.
12) Where was the dhow used? IOMS. Who used junks? the Chinese
13) Purpose of Counter Reformation: Eliminate corrupt practices, increase the
Catholic Church’s appeal, decrease the spread of Protestant faiths. (Council of Trent)
13a) Method developed by Descartes and Bacon: scientific method
14) Which group was associated with the Tulip Period? Ottomans (flash card)
15)General European religious attitude in late 1400s: Many people had begun to
question the leadership of the Catholic Church due to its practice of indulgences
Protestant Reformation (Martin Luther 1517).
16) Thirty Years War When? 1618-1648;
Catholic France
supported Protestants, which showed its emphasis on political concerns
concerns and NOT religious affiliations. (flash card)
RESULT: last major European religious war
17) Emergence of capitalism in Europe. Early advocate: Adam Smith
who wrote The Wealth of Nations, concept—laissez faire; capitalism’s
rise coincided with a rising middle class; based on economic competition;
favored less government control of economy.
18) According to the Enlightenment, what should be used to solve social and
political problems? reason & logic (Discuss connection with Scientific Rev.)
19) Reasons for European exploration. Report of riches in China by the explorer
Marco Polo; exposure to trade with Middle East (Southwest Asia) during
the Crusades; desire for goods not available in Europe.
20) Tokugawa Japan. Which class benefited from trade?: merchants (draw hierarchy)
21) Greatest Ottoman triumph in the 1400s: 1453 ConstantinopleIstanbul;
Greatest Ottoman ruler: Sulieman (upcoming one pager!)
22) What were millets? Jewish & Christian communities in Ottoman Empire
23) Most successful Safavid ruler? Shah Abbas; where was the
Safavid Empire located? Iran; capital: Isfahan (read absurd story, not on test)
23a) The Great Northern War. When? early 1700s, Russia defeated Sweden
and was now able to trade with Western Europe. Leader: PTG
24) Greatest Ming Emperor’s nickname: Yongle;
Dates of Ming Empire: 1368-1644;
Greatest Ming explorer Zheng He (1400-1430s)
25) The Qing were of which ethnicity? Manchurian (Manchu)
Ordinary Qing men wore their hair in queues (braided pony tails);
Qing rulers were militarily active (warriors) Qing dates: 1644-1912
26) Adverse economic effects that led to the downfall of the Ming:
a) decline of agricultural production
b) heavy military costs
c) the glut of Spanish and Portuguese silver caused heavy inflation * (from where?)
27) Social and political characteristics of Tokugawa Japan: peace and
rigid isolation, rigid stratification, shogun dictatorship, samurai stability
28) Social class that gained influence in Tokugawa Japan due to urbanization
and commerce: merchants
29) Three rulers that unified Japan (who, when) Hideyoshi*, Nobunaga,
Tokugawa Ieyasu (1600) (Not on the test—to be discussed later).
30) Memorize these Japanese historical periods. (Japan notes).
Kamakura, Ashikaga, Tokugawa [K.A.T.]
31) List the Chinese dynasties in order: Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han,
Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing
32) Order of Indian historical periods. [MMGDM]
(Mojenjo Daro) Maurya, Gupta, Delhi Sultanate, Mughal
33) Order of Mesoamerican time periods [Ol’Teo MaTolAz]
Olmec, Teotihuacan, Maya, Toltec, Aztec
34) Similarity between Chavin, Moche, Chimu, and Inca: *
Located in South America: Andes Mountains
35) Famous architectural work of the Mughal: Taj Mahal
36) Characteristics of Akbar the Great’s reign: he pursued religious tolerance, he
promoted the Divine Faith (syncretism), he improved India’s legal system, he finished
the Mughal conquest of India. (Make a flash card).
37) Why Aurangzeb’s reign led to Mughal decline: he was a Muslim ruler who was
INTOLERANT of Hindus fall of the Mughal (flash card)
38) Order of Mughal rulers: Babar, Akbar , Aurangzeb 
39) Major religion of Indonesia: Islam
40) Major English political events from 1215-1689: Magna Carta,
Petition of Right, English Civil War, Restoration (JCcCJ) W&M
Impact: decrease in monarch’s power; increase in democracy
41) Europe 1600s. More countries functioned like nation states due to growth of institutions such as banks and bureaucracies. (centralized gov’t.) (Commercial Rev.)
42) Why did Peter the Great want access to the Black Sea?
He wanted access to a warm water port. (locate)
43) Peter the Great shifted Russia’s geopolitical orientation from Asia to
Europe.
44) Why Qing China became more open to foreign influence after the 1700s:
They were forced to b/c of European weapons
45) Early 1400s, main result of Portugal’s exploration of Africa: They gained
control over the gold and ivory trade networks
45) The Boers were Dutch people who settled in South Africa. (1600s)
46) Describe the IOMS in the 1400s. There was a high degree of cultural diffusion
and heavy economic activity. (China, Southeast Asia, India, Arabian peninsula, East Africa)
47) Reasons for strong demand of slave labor: native deaths; demand for sugar (New World)
48) Describe the Triangle Trade.
To the Americas: livestock, wheat, diseases
To Europe: tobacco, sugar, coffee, corn, potatoes
To Africa from Europe: European manufactured goods (guns, copper goods)
49) Major consequence of monoculture: environmental degradation
50) Which British rulers were associated with the Glorious Revolution?
William & Mary
51a) Which nursery rhyme is associated with Charles I? Humpty Dumpty
51b) Who defeated Charles I in the English Civil War? Cromwell (dictator)
52) Give dates of the Hundred Years War: 1337-1453; Name the French
resistance leader: Joan of Arc; impact: England driven from France
53) The Treaty of Tordisillas created a dividing line which separated
Spanish and Portuguese claims in the New World. (text 430, flash card)
54) Reason why joint stock companies were popular during the
Commerical Revolution: They reduced investor’s financial risks when they
sponsored voyages.
55) Two foreign groups that were involved in African slave trade: Europeans and Arab Muslims
56) Identify Pizarro (PIP): Pizarro-Incas-Peru
Identify Cortez (CAM): Cortez-Aztecs-Mexico
Identify King Philip II: His Spanish Armada was defeated by England (1588).
57) Ottoman (Muslim) advances were halted in Europe in 1529 (1683)* at the
Siege of Vienna.
58) See text chapter 20. Describe manumission: legal grant of freedom to slaves;
Define driver: leader of slave ‘gang’; helped manage slaves
Define seasoning: period of difficult adjustment to the New World
59) Tokugawa Japan, from 1600 to 1868 was a time of peace
and isolation. Women’s rights in Tokugawa Japan: were educated at
home, had to obey their husband’s or they could be executed, lived under heavy
restrictions (Samurai wives)
59a) Identify Matthew Perry, explain his impact: U.S. naval commodore; in 1853
he forced Japan to open trade with the U.S.
59b) The Meiji Restoration, from 1868-1912, ended the peace and isolation
of the Tokugawa Era. Describe other key points: Japan modernized rapidly and
became a military power. They defeated Russia in the Russo-Japanese War. This
was the first time an Asian power had defeated a European power in modern war.
60) Give three reasons how upper class women’s lives in early modern Europe improved:
 better educational opportunities
 more involvement in arts and writing
 better economic roles (nurses, teachers)
61) Ottoman Empire. Describe the term harem. Network of male ,military
personnel and female concubines.
62) Name the three gunpowder empires from the 1500s and 1600s.
Ottoman, Safavid, Mughal
63) Women’s roles in Mughal Empire
Muslim women: rights were limited by Islamic law (Sharia);
Hindu women: were very subservient to their husbands
64) Contrary to European and Asian civilizations, several West African tribes
were organized according to matrilineal hierarchies which means that the
bloodline was traced through the mother.
65) See RB 209. Australia’s colonial population in the 1700s and 1800s was made up
largely of convicts.
66) See text p. 526. Describe the original role of the Janissaries : They were
Christians who served as military slaves in the Ottoman Empire. (flash card)
What was the devshirme? selection system for the Janissaries (flash card)
67) Describe the Hanseatic League (see text chapter 16) trading league in
northern Europe (Baltic sea) (guilds  rising middle class)
68) Describe the reconquest of Iberia (a.k.a. Reconquista, see text chapter 16)
Expelling of Jews & Muslims from Spain 1000s to 1492.
69) See text chapter 17, pages 437-438. Identify Moctezuma. Who defeated him?
Tell how, where, when. Aztec leader (Mexico); defeated by Cortez (CAM).
_____________________________________________________________________
Identify Atahualpa. Who killed him? Leader of Inca defeated by Pizarro (PIP).
_____________________________________________________________________
70) See text p.479 for #70-72. Where was Potosi? Why was it important? In Bolivia,
a silver mining city where Spanish used the Mita system.
70a) Describe the purpose and characteristics of the encomienda system. Coercive
labor system that provided cheap labor in Mesoamerica;________
Bartolome de las Casas (priest) laws passed to end encomienda.
70b) Describe the purpose and characteristics of the Mita system.
1/7 of Amerindian adults provided labor for six months (Potosi)
71) See text pp. 464-466. Define and give a reason for the European witch-hunts of the
1500s and 1600s. How many were tried? What percentage was convicted?
100,000 tried in court; 50% convicted; (some men) mainly women: assertive
widows were seen as a threat.
72) New World commodity French were interested in fur trade (Quebec, New France).
Term associated with this product: coureurs des bois
73) Five Relationships: Confucianism; Five pillars: Islam; Caste system: Hinduism
74) STUDY SELECTED QUESTIONS FROM THE MULTIPLE CHOICE PACKET.
** Benin sculptures (West African art form 1450-1750 era)
http://www.strategos.demon.co.uk/tywhome/
The Thirty Years' War had its roots in the ongoing religious struggle between Protestant and Catholic, which became bound
up in the dynastic and imperial ambitions of the house of Hapsburg. Nevertheless, Princes would readily trade religious
conviction for political advantage: Catholic France was prepared to support the Protestant states against the Holy
Roman Empire and Spain. It was this heady brew of faith and traditional rivalries that was to ensure that the war would be a
protracted one. By the beginning of the Seventeenth Century Catholicism and the Protestant faith had reached parity among
the tiny states and principalities that made up Germany. Three of the electors that voted for the Emperor were Protestant,
and the other three Catholic, the Seventh and final one was the Emperor himself, in his capacity as King of Bohemia. The
Hapsburgs were initially prepared to tolerate this situation as the main threat was from the Muslim Ottoman Turks, and both
Protestant and Catholic fought with equal enthusiasm in the defense of Christendom. But it was a delicate balance, and a
swing either way presented a new danger, as each side began to arm to defend themselves from the other.
Other 1450-1750 activities:
 MULTIPLE CHOICE PRACTICE QUESTIONS
 Three Gunpowder Empires chart
 Coercive labor chart
 Peter the Great essay
 Sulieman Essay
 Ottoman empire review
 Tokugawa summary
 JCcCJ review
 Snapshots and comparisons
 Chapter essays
 Japan notes
AP 1450 – 1750 TEST REVIEW SHEET (FILL IN)
NAME ________________
Also study the Multiple choice practice questions!!! The test is worth 100 points.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
West African kingdom that succeeded Mali: ___________
Two products Europeans sought in West Africa 1450-1750: ___________
From 1450-1750 Europe’s influence in Africa was mostly on the __________
Most prominent art forms of sub-Saharan Africa: sculptures & textiles **
Main reason for Spain’s colonization of New World: economic profit & 3Gs
Bartolome de las Casas’ main achievement: He helped pass laws to stop
mistreatment of Native Americans during the encomienda period. (1540s)
7) Describe monoculture: _____________________ New World; sugar: Spanish, Port.
8) Examples of Columbian Exchange (to Europe): coffee, sugar, tobacco, corn,potatoes
9) Native Americans died mostly from _____________________________
10) Describe proto-industrialization: what, when, where? a period of industrialization in
Europe in the 1600s and early 1700s prior to the Industrial Revolution. (i.e. waterwheel)
11) Describe the caravel: small highly maneuverable ship used by the Spanish and
Portuguese.
12) Where was the dhow used? IOMS. Who used junks? the Chinese
13) Purpose of Counter Reformation: Eliminate corrupt practices, increase the
Catholic Church’s appeal, decrease the spread of Protestant faiths. (Council of Trent)
13a) Method developed by Descartes and Bacon: scientific method
14) Which group was associated with the Tulip Period? Ottomans (flash card)
15)General European religious attitude in late 1400s: Many people had begun to
question the leadership of the Catholic Church due to its practice of indulgences
Protestant Reformation (Martin Luther 1517).
16) Thirty Years War When? __________ ;
Catholic France
supported Protestants, which showed its emphasis on political concerns
concerns and NOT religious affiliations. (flash card)
RESULT: _______________________________
17) Emergence of capitalism in Europe. Early advocate: ________________
who wrote The Wealth of Nations, concept—laissez faire; capitalism’s
rise coincided with a rising middle class; based on economic competition;
favored less government control of economy.
18) According to the Enlightenment, what should be used to solve social and
political problems? _______________ (Discuss connection with Scientific Rev.)
19) Reasons for European exploration. Report of riches in China by the explorer
Marco Polo; exposure to trade with Middle East (Southwest Asia) during
the Crusades; desire for goods not available in Europe.
20) Tokugawa Japan. Which class benefited from trade?: merchants (draw hierarchy)
21) Greatest Ottoman triumph in the 1400s: 1453 ConstantinopleIstanbul;
Greatest Ottoman ruler: Sulieman (upcoming one pager!)
22) What were millets? ____________________________________________
23) Most successful Safavid ruler? Shah Abbas; where was the
Safavid Empire located? Iran; capital: Isfahan (read absurd story—not on test)
23a) The Great Northern War. When? early 1700s, Russia defeated Sweden
and was now able to trade with Western Europe. Leader: PTG
24) Greatest Ming Emperor’s nickname: Yongle;
Dates of Ming Empire: 1368-1644;
Greatest Ming explorer ________________________
25) The Qing were of which ethnicity? __________________________
Ordinary Qing men wore their hair in queues (braided pony tails);
Qing rulers were militarily active (warriors) Qing dates: 1644-1912
26) Adverse economic effects that led to the downfall of the Ming:
a) decline of agricultural production
b) heavy military costs
c) the glut of Spanish and Portuguese silver caused heavy inflation * (from where?)
27) Social and political characteristics of Tokugawa Japan: peace and
rigid isolation, rigid stratification, shogun dictatorship, samurai stability
28) Social class that gained influence in Tokugawa Japan due to urbanization
and commerce: merchants
29) Three rulers that unified Japan (who, when) Hideyoshi*, Nobunaga,
Tokugawa Ieyasu (1600) (Not on the test—to be discussed later).
30) Memorize these Japanese historical periods. (Japan notes).
Kamakura, Ashikaga, Tokugawa [K.A.T.]
31) List the Chinese dynasties in order: Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han,
Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing
32) Order of Indian historical periods. [MMGDM]
(Make flash card).
(Mojenjo Daro) Maurya, Gupta, Delhi Sultanate, Mughal
33) Order of Mesoamerican time periods [Ol’Teo MaTolAz]
Olmec, Teotihuacan, Maya, Toltec, Aztec
34) Similarity between Chavin, Moche, Chimu, and Inca: *
Located in South America: Andes Mountains
35) Famous architectural work of the Mughal: Taj Mahal
36) Characteristics of Akbar the Great’s reign: he pursued religious tolerance, he
promoted the Divine Faith (syncretism), he improved India’s legal system, he finished
the Mughal conquest of India. (Make a flash card).
37) Why Aurangzeb’s reign led to Mughal decline: he was a Muslim ruler who was
INTOLERANT of Hindus fall of the Mughal (flash card)
38) Order of Mughal rulers: Babar, Akbar , Aurangzeb  (not on test)
39) Major religion of Indonesia: Islam
40) Major English political events from 1215-1689: Magna Carta,
Petition of Right, English Civil War, Restoration (JCcCJ) W&M
Impact: decrease in monarch’s power; increase in democracy
41) Europe 1600s. More countries functioned like nation states due to growth of institutions such as banks and bureaucracies. (centralized gov’t.) (Commercial Rev.)
42) Why did Peter the Great want access to the Black Sea?
He wanted access to a warm water port. (locate)
43) Why Qing China became more open to foreign influence after the 1700s:
They were forced to b/c of European weapons
44) Early 1400s, main result of Portugal’s exploration of Africa: They gained
control over the gold and ivory trade networks
45) The Boers were Dutch people who settled in ______________. (1600s)
46) Describe the IOMS in the 1400s. There was a high degree of cultural diffusion
and heavy economic activity. (China, Southeast Asia, India, Arabian peninsula, East Africa)
47) Reasons for strong demand of slave labor: native deaths; demand for sugar (New World)
48) Describe the Triangle Trade.
To the Americas: ______________________________
To Europe: ___________________________________
To Africa from Europe: European manufactured goods (guns, copper goods)
49) Major consequence of monoculture: environmental degradation
50) Which British rulers were associated with the Glorious Revolution?
_________________________. (It was bloodless!! )
51a) Which nursery rhyme is associated with Charles I? _______________
51b) Who defeated Charles I in the English Civil War? _________________
52) Give dates of the Hundred Years War: 1337-1453; Name the French
resistance leader: Joan of Arc; impact: England driven from France
53) The Treaty of Tordisillas created a dividing line which separated
Spanish and Portuguese claims in the New World. (text 430, flash card)
54) Reason why joint stock companies were popular during the
Commerical Revolution: They reduced investor’s financial risks when they
sponsored voyages.
55) Two foreign groups that were involved in African slave trade: Europeans and Arab Muslims
56) Identify Pizarro (PIP): ________________________
Identify Cortez (CAM): ________________________________
Identify King Philip II: His Spanish Armada was defeated by England (1588).
57) Ottoman (Muslim) advances were halted in Europe in 1529 (& 1683)* at
the Siege of Vienna.
58) See text chapter 20. Describe manumission: ______________________________;
Define driver: leader of slave ‘gang’; helped manage slaves
Define seasoning: period of difficult adjustment to the New World
59) Tokugawa Japan, from 1600 to 1868 was a time of _____________
and isolation. Women’s rights in Tokugawa Japan: were educated at
home, had to obey their husband’s or they could be executed, lived under heavy
restrictions (Samurai wives)
59a) Identify Matthew Perry, explain his impact: U.S. naval commodore; in 1853
he forced Japan to open trade with the U.S. (Not on this test)
59b) The Meiji Restoration, from 1868-1912, ended the peace and isolation
of the Tokugawa Era. Describe other key points: Japan modernized rapidly and
became a military power. They defeated Russia in the Russo-Japanese War. This
was the first time an Asian power had defeated a European power in modern war.
60) Give three reasons how upper class women’s lives in early modern Europe improved:
 better educational opportunities
 more involvement in arts and writing
 better economic roles (nurses, teachers)
61) Ottoman Empire. Describe the term harem. Network of male ,military
personnel and female concubines.
62) Name the three gunpowder empires from the 1500s and 1600s.
_________________________________.
Women’s roles in Mughal Empire
Muslim women: rights were limited by Islamic law (Sharia);
Hindu women: were very subservient to their husbands
63) Contrary to European and Asian civilizations, several West African tribes
were organized according to matrilineal hierarchies which means that the
bloodline was traced through the mother.
64) Australia’s colonial population in the 1700s and 1800s was made up largely of
___________________.
65) See text p. 526. Describe the original role of the Janissaries : They were
Christians who served as military slaves in the Ottoman Empire. (flash card)
What was the devshirme? ______________________________ (flash card)
66) Describe the Hanseatic League (see text chapter 16) ___________________
______________________________(guilds  rising middle class)
67) Describe the reconquest of Iberia (a.k.a. Reconquista, see text chapter 16)
Expelling of Jews & Muslims from Spain 1000s to 1492.
68) See text chapter 17, pages 437-438. Identify Moctezuma. Who defeated him?
Tell how, where, when. ___________________________________________
You must know that adjacent indigenous tribes helped Cortez. Why?
Identify Atahualpa. Who killed him? Leader of Inca defeated by Pizarro (PIP).
___________________________________ What was Atahualpa’s choice? 
70) See text p.479 for #70-72. Where was Potosi? Why was it important? In Bolivia,
a silver mining city where Spanish used the Mita system.
70a) Describe the purpose and characteristics of the encomienda system. Coercive
labor system that provided cheap labor in Mesoamerica;________
________________________________________________________.
70b) Describe the purpose and characteristics of the Mita system.
_________________________________________________________
71) See text pp. 464-466. Define and give a reason for the European witch-hunts of the
1500s and 1600s. How many were tried? What percentage was convicted?
100,000 tried in court; 50% convicted; (some men) mainly women:
_____________________________________________________.
73) New World commodity French were interested in fur trade (Quebec, New France).
Term associated with this product: _________________________
73) Five Relationships: Confucianism; Five pillars: Islam; Caste system: Hinduism
74) STUDY SELECTED QUESTIONS FROM THE MULTIPLE CHOICE PACKET.